If you are Fsc student want to study the basics of support and movement, view this ppt about bones and cartilage. it will be must easier than reading long paragraphs of your textbooks. Also view my next ppts related to this topic.

1. SUPPORT AND
MOVEMENT
Faiza wahid

2. NEED OF SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT
• To uphold and sustain body against
gravity and other external forces
• Contributed by skeleton

3. HUMAN
SKELETON
• Bones and cartilage
• Framework that supports soft
tissues
• It allows free movement
through action of muscles
across joints
• Study of bones and cartilage is
called osteology

4. STRUCTURE OF
BONE
• TISSUES: Bone tissues, cartilage, fibrous
connective tissues, blood and nerve tissues
• Epiphysis: terminal broad parts
• Diaphysis/ shaft: middle part along length of
bone which has central cavity filled with yellow
bone marrow.
• Periosteum: outer connective tissue around bone
• Endosteum: inner region containing compact
bone and spongy bone.
• Red bone marrow in spaces of spongy bone

5. STRUCTURE OF BONE
• Peripheral part of endosteum is
called compact bone.
• Inner mass of endosteum is
called spongy one, most of
which is present in epiphysis

8. BONE CELLS
• Bone cells make up about
10% of total bone volume.
Bones are not a static
tissue but need to be
constantly maintained and
remodelled.
• There are three main cell
types involved in this
process.

10. OSTEOGENIC- OSTEOPROGENITOR CELL
• Stem cells on bone marrow
• Precursors to other bone cells
OSTEOBLAST
• Bone forming cells
• Synthesize and secrete unmineralized ground substance
• Become osteocytes when surrounded by matrix

11. OSTEOCYTES
• Maintain healthy bone tissue by secreting enzymes and influencing mineral
content
• Regulate calcium release from bone tissue to blood
• OSTEOCLASTS
• Bone destroying cells
• Resorption of bone: break down and deposit calcium and phosphate in blood
• Important in growth and repair of bone

13. CARTILAGE

14. CARTILAGE
• Not as strong as bone
• More flexible than bone
• Chondrocytes: living cells of cartilage
• Matrix- : gel like
• Contains collagen and elastic fibers
• Lacunae: small cavities in matrix containing cartilage cells
• Perichondrium: dense layer of collagen fibers surrounding matrix

15. STRUCTURE OF
CARTILAGE

16. WHY CARTILAGE
HEALS SLOWLY?
• Unlike other connective tissue,
cartilage does not contain blood and
lymph vessels
• chondrocytes receive
nourishment via diffusion from the
surrounding environment. The
compressive forces that regularly act
on cartilage also increase the
diffusion of nutrients.

17. TYPES OF CARTILAGE
• Although human skeleton is initially made of cartilage and fibrous membranes,
most of the early supports are soon replaced by bones. A few cartilage that
remains are of three types:
• 1. hyaline cartilage
• 2. fibrocartilage
• 3. Elastic cartilage