The presence of aggression cues inverts the relation between digit ratio (2D:4D) and prosocial behaviour in a dictator game

1. Fairness in Modern Society Presented by: Fadi Amroush Markets, Religion, Community Size, and the Evolution of Fairness and Punishment Joseph Henrich,* Jean Ensminger, Richard McElreath, Abigail Barr, Clark Barrett, Alexander Bolyanatz, Juan Camilo Cardenas, Michael Gurven, Edwins Gwako, Natalie Henrich, Carolyn Lesorogol, Frank Marlowe, David Tracer, John Ziker Published 19 March 2010, Science 327, 1480 (2010) DOI: 10.1126/science.1182238 Experimental Economics

2. Outlines Run The Experiment 04/20/10 Motivation 1 GAME DESCRIPTIONS 2 3 Results & Conclusion 4 New Treatment 5

4. The Games 04/20/10 1 Dictator Game. good measure of the first player’s sense of fairness, since he has the power to be as unfair as he likes. 3 Third Party Punishment Game (TPG) Interactions with third parties. 2 The Strategy Method Ultimatum Game (UG) That provides a measure of willingness to punish, even at a cost to the punisher

5. Paper Aim 04/20/10 Economic -integrated The degree to which a society is economically integrated . The Relationship Religion Religious the individu- als within it are.

14. Playing Sequence Fresh players Player 1 in the DG and, or Player 2 in DG Player 1 in the UG and Player 2 in UG 04/20/10 DG UG TGP

15. Run The Experiment Show up Stakes Language Sample Fees 20‐25% of one day’s wage in the local economy. Real money one day’s minimum wage in the local community. Native All game instructions were read by native speakers sample 2,148 volunteers from 15 contemporary , small-scale societies. 04/20/10

16. Run The Experiment The societies in question included the Dolgan (hunters in Siberia), the Hadza (foraging nomads in Tanzania) and the Sanquianga (fishermen in Colombia). . 04/20/10

24. Thank You !