Environmental science

2. Ezaan Naseem
BS –Environmental sciences
3rd year 5th semester
Environmental ecology
Sir waqar

3. ECOLOGY
•The study of relation or
interaction of organism with
their living and non living
environment.

4. MARINE ECOLOGY
IS THE SUB BRANCH OF ECOLOGY
BASED ON MARINE BIOTIC & ABIOTIC
FACTORS.

5. SO , WHAT WE KNOW ?
ABOUT MARINE LIFE
 WATER COVERS 71% SURFACE AREA OF
THE GLOBE
 IS A HOME FOR LARGE NETWORK OF
DIFFERENT SPECIES
 LIFE EXIST AS DEEP AS SEA IS.

6. DIVISION OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
• MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
• MORE SALTY
• EX : OCEAN
• FRESH WATER
ECOSYSTEM
• LESS SALTY
• EX: RIVERS , STREAMS ,
SWAMPS, PONDS.

7. EXAMPLES OF ECOLOGICAL
RELATIONS IN OCEAN

8. MARINE PROVINCES
A. PELAGIC DIV DIVISION
B. BENTHIC DIVISION

9. PIC

10. DEEP SEA SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION BY LIFE STYLE
A. PLANKTON ORGANISM
B. NEKTON COMMUNITY
C. BENTHOS ORGANISM

11. A. PLANKTON ORGANISM
• PLANKTONS ARE ORGANISMS DRIFTING IN OCEAN ,SEAS &
BODIES OF FRESH WATER
PHYTOPLANKTON
• AUTOTROPHIC PLANKTON
• PHYTOPLANKTON ARE THE
PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN THE OCEAN
AS THEY FORM THE BASE OF MOST
MARINE FOOD CHAIN.
• EXAMPLE: ALGAE

12. ZOOPLANKTON
• HETEROTROPHIC PLANKTON
• NEED PHYTOPLANKTON AS A SOURCE OF FOOD
• EXAMPLES : PRAWNS

13. B. NEKTON COMMUNITY
THESE ARE THE ACTIVE SWIMMERS ,
WHOSE INITIAL LIFE STAGE IS IDENTIFIED
AS BIENG PLANKTONIC BUT WHEN THEY
GROW AND INCREASE BODY SIZE
THEY BECOME NEKTONIC
EXAMPLES : FISHES , TURTLES ,JELLY FISH

14. C. BENTHOS ORGANISM
THEY LIVE ON THE OCEAN FLOOR
EXAMPLES:
CRABS , OCTOPUSES , CORAL REEFS

15. FURTHER BENTHONIC DIVISION

17. CYCLES OPERATES IN OCEAN
A. WATER CYCLE
B. CARBON CYCLE
C. NITROGEN CYCLE
D. PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

23. PROBLEMS FACED BY MARINE LIFE
EUTROPHICATION
POLLUTION
OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
OVER FISHING

24. TO SOLVE THESE
WE SHOULD ,
 STOP USE OF EXCESSIVE FERTILIZERS
 LESS CO2 EMISSION
 USE OF NON-DISPOSABLE & FEWER PLASTIC
PRODUCTS
 DO NOT PURCHASE ITEMS THAT EXPLOITS
MARINE LIFE
 EDUCATE YOUR SELF ABOUT OCEAN AND
MARINE LIFE