you inoculate an LB tube with an aerobic bacterium and incubate it f.pdf

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you inoculate an LB tube with an aerobic bacterium and incubate it for 24 hours. what kind of growth do you expect to see and why? Solution If a liquid media in a tube is inoculated with aerobic bacteria and incubated for 24hrs, the growth can be seen as a surface pellicle. Bacteria grows on the surface of the liquid media. This is because it is the area where oxygen is available for the bacteria to utilize. Whereas anaerobic bacteria grow at the bottom of the tube where air is absent..

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Explain how cell division occurs in the germ (meiosis) cells of animals. Be sure to state and describe each stage and phase of the cell cycle. Solution Germ cell division occurs by Meiosis. The division is explained with oogenesis as example. Diploid primordial germ cells that form the germinal epithelium of fetal ovary divide repeatedly by mitosis to produce diploid oogonia. Diploid oogonia produced in groups just under the surface of the ovary. In contrast to spermatogenesis, only one oogonium from each group normally grows into a diploid primary oocyte. Each primary oocyte then enters prophase of Meiosis I and remains in this arrested state until puberty. As puberty begins, a primary oocyte completes Meiosis I each month to produce a secondary oocyte and a polar body. The secondary oocyte undergoes Meiosis II at fertilization to produce an ovum and a second polar body..

Explain how cell division occurs in the germ (meiosis) cells of anim.pdf

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Ecologists are sampling mice from different parks in New York City. Most of the mice these researchers collect demonstrate straight\" tails; however, few mice exhibit \"curly\" tails. In this scenario, a \"straight tail would be considered the henotype, and a \"curly\" tail would be considered a phenotype. O heterogametic; homogametic O polymorphism; wild-type O mutant; wild-type O wild-type; mutant None of the above. Solution The answer to your first question is wrong. Most of the researchers find mice with straight tails, while a few find mice with curly tails. However, this finding does not prove that the curly-tailed mice are mutants. A mutant phenotype is much rarer than the wild type. The curly phenotype could simply be a recessive phenotype with a phenotypic frequency lower than that of the straight phenotype, which might be the dominant trait. Thus, the answer should be \'None of the above\'. The answer to the second question is correct. Since the parents\' and the child\'s DNA sequences differ in only a single nucleotide, it is a point mutation. The answer to the third question is wrong. Since the flower colour is determined by a gene with 2 alleles, 1 of which is dominant, to get a red colour, the orchid just needs a single dominant allele. Hence the answer is 1. Your answer to the fourth question is wrong. The parent and daughter cells may not be completely identical, and we must take into account the de-novo mutations. Therefore, the answer should be \'The DNA sequences of the parent and daughter cells were largely similar, with the exception of any de-novo mutations\'..

Ecologists are sampling mice from different parks in New York City. M.pdf

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Describe the electronic configuration of a given element. Why are we interested in electrons (two primary answers). (With regard to Human Anatomy and Physiology, what is the importance of electrons?) Solution Electronic configuration is the arrangement of electron around the nucleus of an atom. Number of electrons orbiting the nucleus determines the energy level of an atom. This electron makes the bonds like, ionic bond, covalent bond and htdrogen bond. These bonds help in electrostatic interactions between the molecules and helps molecules like haemoglobin, myoglobin to be folded and form a three dimensional structure and function properly. these electrons helps in phosphorylation, hydrolysisetc,..

Describe the electronic configuration of a given element. Why are we.pdf

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Assets are listed on the balance sheet in order of increasing size and relative life. decreasing size. relative life. decreasing liquidity.a. increasing size and relative life.b. decreasing size.c. relative life.d. decreasing liquidity. Solution Liquidity of the the assets means how quick an asset can be converted to cash. More quicker it can be higher the liquidity. Standard format of balance states assets to be reported on the basis of their liquidity. Assets with highest liquidity should be reported on Top Therefore in Assets we report first current assets and then PPE. Even in Current assets we report Cash and Marketable securities (most liquid aset) on top. There fore Assets are listed on the balance sheet in order of decreasing liquidity.d. decreasing liquidity..

Assets are listed on the balance sheet in order ofincreasing size .pdf

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1) Even the simplest types of infectious agents must have DNA, RNA, and protein. a) Not all infectious agents have DNA, RNA, and protein. Some viruses have RNA and protein only, viroids have only protein, and prions are composed only of RNA. b) Not all infectious agents have DNA, RNA, and protein. Some viruses have DNA and protein only, viroids have only protein, and prions are composed only of DNA. c) Not all infectious agents have DNA, RNA, and protein. Some viruses have RNA and protein only, viroids have only DNA, and prions are composed only of protein. d) Not all infectious agents have DNA, RNA, and protein. Some viruses have DNA and protein only, viroids have only RNA, and prions are composed only of protein. 2) A large amount of the DNA in eukaryotic cells has no function and is called \"junk DNA\". a) Although some DNA in cells has been called \"junk DNA\" and have no function, their concentraition maintains constant to allow other DNA act normally. b) Although some DNA in cells has been called \"junk DNA\", it may simply be that we do not yet understand its function. c) Although some DNA in cells has been called \"junk DNA\", they have well known function to store energy in the cells. d) Although some DNA in cells has been called \"junk DNA\", but this is due to their mutation and they could mutate again to restore their functions. Solution 1. Even the simplest types of infectious agents must have DNA, RNA, and protein. ANSWER: The above statement is false. This must be corrected as: Even the simplest types of infectious agents must have either DNA and protein coat , RNA only or Protein Coat only. So the answer is: D. Not all infectious agents have DNA, RNA, and protein. Some viruses have DNA and protein only, viroids have only RNA, and prions are composed only of protein. 2. Junk DNA/Non Coding DNA The DNA sequences that does not code for a protein, that usually occurs in repetitive sequences of nucleotides, and does not seem to serve any useful purpose are called Junk DNA. So the answer is: B. Although some DNA in cells has been called \"junk DNA\", it may simply be that we do not yet understand its function..

1) Even the simplest types of infectious agents must have DNA, RNA, .pdf

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1- A) What types of data document patterns and processes of evolution? B) What does homology mean and how is it important with respect to evolution? How types of homology are for providing evidence of evolution? C) does the fossil record provide support for the of evolution? Why do sugar gliders and flying squirrels look so much alike? D) What do we call the similarity between flying squirrels and sugar gliders? E) Provide a complete explanation for the question, what is evolution Vocabulary Solution Answer A) There are mainly four types of data which document patterns and process of evolution; Homology, fossil record, direct observations and biogeography. Answer B) Homology means sharing a similar structure due to relatedness. this is important with respect to evolution because homology tells us that two different animals which shares the homology structures had a common ancestor during evolution. there are two types of homology in evolution; paralogs, which tells us that two copy of one gene located at two different positions on genome inside a single organism has evolved as a duplication event and such genes are called paralogous. while orthologs tells us that if two genes are similar in two different organism\'s genomes then they were originated in their ancestor. Answer C) Yes, fossil record is one of the data documentation for the evolutionary studies and they help to find the missing links between various points of evolution. sugar gliders and flying squirrels look alike because they share similarity in structures such as white belly, big eyes, same size, and a thin layer of skin under the legs for gliding in the air. Answer D) We call this kind of similarity in same functional structures as analogy..

1-A) What types of data document patterns and processes of evoluti.pdf

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Which of the following does not take place in a signaltransduction pathway? O An external signaling molecule binds to a specific receptor. O An activated membrane-bound receptor undergoes a conformational change. O Proteins in the pathway add or remove phosphate groups from other proteins. O Activated proteins move into the nucleus to activate transcription factors. O Proteins are activated when histones are deacetylated. Solution 1) Protiens are activated when histones are deacetylated. Histones are not involved in signal transduction. 2) The mutation could allow telomerase to be expressed when it should not. Cancerous cells continously express telomerase as a result of which these cells have their telomeres in tact and thus they constantly divide. 3)Retinoblsstoma results when an idividual inherits mutant gene from both the parents both of which are necessary for cancer to develop. 4). DNA repair genes..

Which of the following does not take place in a signaltransduction pa.pdf

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Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time? microevolution preadaptations adaptive radiation allometric growth allopatric speciation A significant reduction in the amount of which gas would allow more ultraviolet radiation to reach Earth\'s surface? oxygen methane ozone cyanide carbon dioxide The most common outcome of the process in the accompanying figure is no viable gametes. This happens because of hybrid inviability defective meiosis. gametic isolation species incompatibility. Solution 1. microevolution 2. defects in ozone gas layer allows more UV rays to come to the earth 3. because of defects in meiosis no viable gametes are formed.

Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species fr.pdf

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What is meant by the relationship or the two strands of DNA? The right handed twisted configuration of the strands. The arrangement branching pattern of the strands of DNA. The arrangement where A is matched with T and G is matched with C. The staircase arrangement of paired purine and pyrimidine bases linked by ionic bonds. The alignment or strands so one strand starts with a 3. carbon, the other with a 5 carbon. integrative you have discovered a new species bacteria. To begin your investigation of this content of ONA from the bacterial cells 10% what is the adenine content? 10% 20% 40% 60% it is impossible to calculate this number for eukaryotes. What happens during the process of transcription? Proteins are synthesized from RNA molecules RNA is synthesized from protein DNA is synthesized from protein RNA is synthesized from DNA Proteins are synthesized from DNA molecules What is a TATA box? a nucleotide sequence for a codon on mRNA a sequence in the promoter of DNA a nucleotide sequence for an anticodon on IRNA molecule a nucleotide sequence an indicating a stop codon for translation a special protein in the enhancer region that is required for the initiation of transcription What is an exon? A protein that is edited out of RNA after translation. A part of RNA that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule in the nucleus. A transfer RNA that binds to the codon and carries an amino acid. A series of amino acids at the 3\' end of the mRNA molecule that protect transcript. A part of an intact. Mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus. What account for the uniform diameter of the DNA molecule? The two sides of the DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds. A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine. One side of the DNA molecule has an unconnected 5\' phosphate group and the opposite end has an unconnected 3\' hydroxyl group. The 3\' carbon of one deoxyribose and the 5\' carbon of another deoxyribose bond together. The alternating sugar and phosphate backbone colls around the outside of the hellx. If you isolate a single nucleotide from a nucleic acid chain and determine that the nitrogenous ring structure is guanine, what can you say with certainty about the type of molecule that the nucleotide could have come from? The molecule could be DNA but not RNA. The molecule could be RNA but not DNA. The molecule is neither DNA nor RNA. The molecule could be either DNA or RNA. The molecule could be double-stranded DNA but not single-stranded DNA. Solution 34. The correct answer is C. 35. The correct answer is B. ATP, RNA, and DNA 36. The correct answer is B. Purine always bonds with Pyrimidine 37. The correct answer is D. The molecule could either be DNA or RNA..

What is meant by the relationship or the two strands of DNA The rig.pdf

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Which of the following categories of control can include the logical mechanisms used to control access and authenticate users? A. Administrative B. Clerical C. Technical D. Physical Solution Answer: C. Technical Technical controls can be a software or hardware. They are some logical mechanisms that can be used to control the access and authenticate users and identified unusual activities and restricted unauthorized access. Clerical is nonexistent category towards technical. Physical controls include locks, guards, alarms and gates. Admisirative controls are procedurals..

Which of the following categories of control can include the logical.pdf

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What is it, and how does Chromatic Dispersion Compensation work? Solution Chromatic dispersion is a phenomenon that is an important factor in fiber optic communications. It is the result of the different colors, or wavelengths, in a light beam arriving at their destination at slightly different times. The result is a spreading, or dispersion, of the on-off light pulses that convey digital information. Chromatic dispersion is common place, as it is actually what causes rainbows - sunlight is dispersed by droplets of water in the air. Sir Isaac Newton observed this phenomenon when he passed sunlight through a prism and saw it diverge into a spectrum of different colors. This dispersion occurs because different colors, or light frequencies, act slightly differently as they pass through a medium such as glass. In fiber-based systems, an optical fiber, comprised of a core and cladding with differing refractive index materials, inevitably causes some wavelengths of light to travel slower or faster than others. Chromatic dispersion is due to inherent property of silica fiber. The speed of a light wave is dependent on the refractive index, , of the medium within which it is propagating. In silica fiber, as well as many other materials, varies with wavelength. Therefore, different wavelength channels will travel at slightly different speeds within the fiber. Because, even a pulse of light from a laser has some spectral width, each of its wavelength components will travel at slightly different speeds within the fiber. This results in a spreading of the transmission pulse as it travels through the fiber..

What is it, and how does Chromatic Dispersion Compensation work.pdf

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True or False: Due to developed molecular tools, functional genes can be identified directly in the clinical and environmental samples. Solution True because the functional genes can be directly identified in samples by the metagenomic arrays, using special biomarkers characterized by a unique order for the specific gene or gene sequence, SNPs etc and their molecular structures. This biomarker array is sometimes followed by the amplification tool and sequencing method for the entire DNA or RNA extracted from the sample..

True or FalseDue to developed molecular tools, functional genes c.pdf

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To replicate something means to copy it. Why aren\'t many scientists replicating each other\'s studies? Exploratory studies got more attention from the press and public than replication studios. There is more funding for exploratory studios than replication studies. Some scientists would rather do novel experiments than replicate what someone has already done. All of these statements about replication studios in science are correct. Solution Answer: 9. (d) All of the points regarding replication studies are correct. Firstly, novel experiments/studies brings the scientist/group to focus in the scientific community, help getting funds (grants) for further research and publish high impact articles with their novel findings..

To replicate something means to copy it. Why arent many scientist.pdf

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The following is to be written in Java: The following is the BSTree.java I have written. Use this code and extend it to achieve the problems listed above: import java.io.*; import java.util.*; class BSTNode { BSTNode left, right; Comparable data; public BSTNode(){ left = null; right = null; data = 0; } /* Constructor */ public BSTNode(Comparable n){ left = null; right = null; data = n; } public void setLeft(BSTNode n){ left = n; } public void setRight(BSTNode n){ right = n; } public BSTNode getLeft(){ return left; } public BSTNode getRight(){ return right; } public void setData(int d){ data = d; } public Comparable getData(){ return data; } } class BST { private BSTNode root; /* Constructor */ public BST(){ root = null; } /* Functions to insert data */ public void insert(Comparable data){ if (root == null){ root = new BSTNode(data); } else insert(root, data); } /* Function to insert data recursively */ private void insert(BSTNode node, Comparable data){ //if (node.getData().equals(data)) thr(); if (data.compareTo(node.getData()) < 0){ //when data < node\'s data //add data as left child of node if it doesnt have one //else insert into node\'s left subtree if (node.getLeft() == null) node.setLeft(new BSTNode(data)); else insert(node.getLeft(), data); } else { //when data > node\'s data //insert data as right child of node if it doesnt have one //else insert into node\'s right subtree if (node.getRight() == null) node.setRight(new BSTNode(data)); else insert(node.getRight(), data); } } public boolean search(Comparable data) { return search(root, data); } private static boolean search(BSTNode node, Comparable data) { if (node == null) return false; if (node.getData().equals(data)) return true; if (data.compareTo(node.getData()) < 0) { // data < this node\'s key; look in left subtree return search(node.getLeft(), data); } else { // data > this node\'s key; look in right subtree return search(node.getRight(), data); } } /* Function for inorder traversal */ public void inorder(){ inorder(root); } private void inorder(BSTNode r){ if (r != null){ inorder(r.getLeft()); System.out.print(r.getData() +\" \"); inorder(r.getRight()); } } } public class BSTree { public static void main(String[] args) { BST bst = new BST(); int[] x = {4,2,6,1,3,5,7,8,12,15,10,13,14,9}; for(int i=0;i Solution REDBLACK.java /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------- RBBST.java.

The following is to be written in JavaThe following is the BSTree.pdf

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Sort animals below into subsets. There are five. State reason for putting animals in the same subset. Red squirrel Atlantic cod Herring Gull Hatter jack toad Common Lizard Mute swan European fox Common Perch Common for Adder Solution Subset 1- Gadus morhua (Atlantic Cod) Status: Vulnerable Subset 2 - These are placed together because they are least concerned. Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Red Squirrel) Status: Least Concern Zootoca vivipara (Viviparous Lizard) Status: Least Concern Cygnus olor (Mute Swan) Status: Least Concern Red fox - Least concern Hearing Gull- least concern Subset 3- These are not included in the list common perch- This taxon has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List.

Sort animals below into subsets. There are five. State reason for put.pdf

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Some phyla of fungi produce two types of spores: sexual spores and asexual spores. Mark all TRUE statements about these different spores below. a) Sexual spores are more commonly known as “gametes”. b) Sexual spores are genetically identical to the fungal parent that produced them. c) Asexual spores will be dispersed from the parent and will germinate to form a new mycelium. d) Sexual spores are produced after two, genetically different hyphae come together, and plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis take place. e) Asexual spores are produced strictly through mitosis. f) inations of alleles from the parent fungi. g) Sexual spores are the products of meiosis, after gametes have fused to form a diploid nucleus. h) Sexual spores fuse to form a diploid cell or diploid nucleus. i) Asexual spores are genetically identical to the fungal parent that produced them. j) Sexual spores will be dispersed from the parent and germinate to form a new mycelium. a) Sexual spores are more commonly known as “gametes”. b) Sexual spores are genetically identical to the fungal parent that produced them. c) Asexual spores will be dispersed from the parent and will germinate to form a new mycelium. d) Sexual spores are produced after two, genetically different hyphae come together, and plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis take place. e) Asexual spores are produced strictly through mitosis. f) inations of alleles from the parent fungi. g) Sexual spores are the products of meiosis, after gametes have fused to form a diploid nucleus. h) Sexual spores fuse to form a diploid cell or diploid nucleus. i) Asexual spores are genetically identical to the fungal parent that produced them. j) Sexual spores will be dispersed from the parent and germinate to form a new mycelium. Solution c) Asexual spores will be dispersed from the parent and will germinate to form a new mycelium. d) Sexual spores are produced after two, genetically different hyphae come together, and plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis take place. e)Asexual spores are produced strictly through mitosis. f) inations of alleles from the parent fungi. g) Sexual spores are the products of meiosis, after gametes have fused to form a diploid nucleus. h) Sexual spores fuse to form a diploid cell or diploid nucleus. i)asexual spores are genetically identical to the fungal parent that produce them..

Some phyla of fungi produce two types of spores sexual spores and a.pdf

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Select all of the characteristics of T lymphocytes, which arc involved in specific immunity. Mature in the bone marrow Mature in the thymus Move freely among lymphoid tissues and connective tissue Responsible lord cell-mediated immunity Form specialized plasma cells that produce antibodies Solution T lymphocytes mature in the thymus Move freely among lymphoid tissues and connective tissue. Responsible for cell-mediated immunity..

Select all of the characteristics of T lymphocytes, which arc involve.pdf

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show that D4 is isomorphic to a subgroup of S4 Solution Each symmetry of the square can be thought of as a permutation of its four corners. Thus the elements of D4 can also be thought of as elements of S4. Explicitly write down this correspondence. That is, for each of the elements I, r, r2 , r3 , v, vr, vr2 and vr3 , write down the corresponding permutation in S4 using cycle notation. This shows that D4 is a subgroup of S4. Actually, it shows that D4 is isomorphic to a subgroup of S4. The elements of D4 are technically not elements of S4 (they are symmetries of the square, not permutations of four things) so they cannot be a subgroup of S4, but instead they correspond to eight elements of S4 which form a subgroup of S4. This correspondence is called an isomorphism.

show that D4 is isomorphic to a subgroup of S4SolutionEach sym.pdf

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Ruminants (animals that chew cuds, such as cattle and sheep) produce large amounts of propionic acid in their rumen through bacterial fermentation. Actually, propionate is the main source of glucose in these animals! Draw a feasible anabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of glucose from propionic acid in a ruminant. Show structures, names of enzymes and co-factors. If C-2 In propionic acid was labeled with 14C, in which position(s) in glucose would you expect to find the label? Solution The metabolism of propionic acid starts with its conversion to the propionyl co enzyme A , this is considered as the furst stage of the metabolism of carboxylic acid As we know that the propionic acid is a three cardon compound it is first converted to the D- Methylmalonyl-CoA which is then converted to L form this is then converted to the succinyl co enzyme A by a vitamin b 12 dependant enzyme which then enters the citric acid cycle.

Ruminants (animals that chew cuds, such as cattle and sheep) produce .pdf

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Problem 51 (college algebra). Please show your work. Solve the inequ.pdf

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