1 Running Head: BORDER SECURITY PAGE 6 BORDER SECURITY Border Security Author Institution Date Problem statement The problem of border security is a swore wound in American policy making for a while now. Policy makers and law makers alike have been under constant pressure to pass laws and draft policies that will deal with the issue once and for all yet the shortfall increases. In the recent scheme of things, a humanitarian crisis on the U.S-Mexican south east border has been the center of focus for politicians and observers alike. Opposing sides on the issue have argued that there is need for border security to be revamped on one side while those in charge of implementing and enforcing homeland security policies argue that border security is adequate. If the recent crisis of abandoned and undocumented children attempting to cross the border from Central America is anything to go by, there is enough ground to call for better policy making to address the issue wholesomely (Boozman, 2014). This is to avoid further strain on the border security enforcement resources, which culminate into a failed justice system, as well as, a compromised Homeland Security. The perennial problem at the south east U.S Mexican border has become a melting point of the American politics. Despite the deployment of sophisticated technology in the form of sensors, motion detectors, and cameras among others the problem continues to persist. The greatest fear is in the spill over of violent crimes such as homicides, drug trade and increase in illegal immigrants into the U.S. for more than two decades the question remains whether the threats can be neutralized effectively. The tradition in border security management is to increase and improve security in centers with large population and potential target areas for terrorists. This is the duty of US Customs and Border Security however some elements of border security have eluded the noose of this agency. Despite the doubled manpower and employment of sophisticated software in border management illegal immigrants still find their way into the US. The question that therefore lingers is the approach in border security the appropriate one? The current situation CBP uses a high number of personnel to control the borders but it has only achieved effective control. Effective Control is the concentration of efforts in areas where it is likely to apprehend a n illegal immigrant trying to enter U.S (Steinmetz, 2011). The problem with this approach is that despite the doubled number of personnel the agency is still in need of more agents. Additionally, there seems to be lack of proper coordination of activities between the groups involved in border security. As a result coordination needs to be improved. On the same note, there is a need to expand rapid response of the agency. The personnel issue could be improved by reinforcement of the existing personnel by National Guard (Steinmetz, 2011). Since there are controls of d.

1. 1
Running Head: BORDER SECURITY
PAGE
6
BORDER SECURITY
Border Security
Author
Institution
Date
Problem statement
The problem of border security is a swore wound in American
policy making for a while now. Policy makers and law makers
alike have been under constant pressure to pass laws and draft
policies that will deal with the issue once and for all yet the
shortfall increases. In the recent scheme of things, a
humanitarian crisis on the U.S-Mexican south east border has
been the center of focus for politicians and observers alike.
Opposing sides on the issue have argued that there is need for
border security to be revamped on one side while those in
charge of implementing and enforcing homeland security
policies argue that border security is adequate. If the recent
crisis of abandoned and undocumented children attempting to
cross the border from Central America is anything to go by,
there is enough ground to call for better policy making to
address the issue wholesomely (Boozman, 2014). This is to
avoid further strain on the border security enforcement
resources, which culminate into a failed justice system, as well

2. as, a compromised Homeland Security.
The perennial problem at the south east U.S Mexican border has
become a melting point of the American politics. Despite the
deployment of sophisticated technology in the form of sensors,
motion detectors, and cameras among others the problem
continues to persist. The greatest fear is in the spill over of
violent crimes such as homicides, drug trade and increase in
illegal immigrants into the U.S. for more than two decades the
question remains whether the threats can be neutralized
effectively. The tradition in border security management is to
increase and improve security in centers with large population
and potential target areas for terrorists. This is the duty of US
Customs and Border Security however some elements of border
security have eluded the noose of this agency. Despite the
doubled manpower and employment of sophisticated software in
border management illegal immigrants still find their way into
the US. The question that therefore lingers is the approach in
border security the appropriate one?
The current situation
CBP uses a high number of personnel to control the borders but
it has only achieved effective control. Effective Control is the
concentration of efforts in areas where it is likely to apprehend
a n illegal immigrant trying to enter U.S (Steinmetz, 2011). The
problem with this approach is that despite the doubled number
of personnel the agency is still in need of more agents.
Additionally, there seems to be lack of proper coordination of
activities between the groups involved in border security. As a
result coordination needs to be improved. On the same note,
there is a need to expand rapid response of the agency. The
personnel issue could be improved by reinforcement of the
existing personnel by National Guard (Steinmetz, 2011). Since
there are controls of deployment of the National Guard on U.S
soil the best approach would be to overturn these laws. Another

3. way of dealing with the issue is to work closely with the local
law enforcement agencies in gathering and sharing of
information. The CBP could build capacity in the local agencies
by further training and equipping the agencies with modern
technology. This could drive the war on organized crime and
illegal immigration a notch higher.
Response time is another way CBP can improve response to
illegal border penetration. To achieve this CBP should facilitate
the accelerated construction of outposts in remote areas along
the borders (Steinmetz, 2011). The support of swift local
response teams would also assist in quick apprehension of
detected threats. This approach is similar to the one in use today
only that it is more profound and practical in approach.
The problem of economics of border security has also come into
the limelight. Some have argued that the costly affair of
erecting the secure fence is draining the economic resources of
the country. On the same note, ethical and environmental
concerns have been raised concerning the secure fence. One
notable challenge is the cost of the materials used to construct
the fences. This factor has significantly lowered the speed
implementing the construction of the fence. Initially the project
did not capture the increase in costs of the project especially
due to the needs of increased personnel and technology. CBP
should therefore reassess the cost of the advanced secure fence
in its efforts to address the border security.
The other aspect of the issue that perhaps remains untouched is
economics. Failure of implementing effective border security
has a negative impact on the economic welfare of the country
(Mcneill, 2009). A better policy that could improve border
security while maintaining the economic wellbeing of the
country is Security and prosperity partnership. This is a forum
that brings together the U.S, Canada and Mexico. This
partnership can help improve the economic wellbeing of the

4. partner countries without compromising the sovereignty of
either (Mcneill, 2009). This means that the livelihoods of the
Mexicans will improve thereby eliminating the need for them to
illegally enter America.
Conclusion
It would seem that the shortfalls experienced in the border
security management could be addressed by multifaceted
policies. These are policies that focus and bring together the
separate aspects of current efforts to step up border securities.
Such a policy should therefore capture sophisticated
technology, increased manpower with adequate training, secure
fence, state-federal government partnership as well as bilateral
economic activities. In the combination of the above elements,
lies the solution to deteriorating border security.
References
Boozman, J., (2014). Immigration Reform & Border Security.
Retrieved on 27th July 2014 from
http://www.boozman.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/immigration-
reform-border-security
Mcneill, B., J., (2009). 15 Steps to Better Border Security:
Reducing America's Southern Exposure. Retrieved on 27th July
2014 from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/03/15-
steps-to-better-border-security-reducing-americas-southern-
exposure
Steinmetz, T., (2011). Customs & Immigration. FrontLines:
Improving Our Border Security. Retrieved on 27th July 2014
from http://www.hstoday.us/focused-topics/customs-
immigration/single-article-page/frontlines-improving-our-
border-security/b40bed68bf60f37b806f46f2573e6629.html
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality,
logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing

5. skills, using the following rubric.
Points: 240
Assignment 2: Business Financing and the Capital Structure
Criteria
Unacceptable
Below 60% F
Meets Minimum Expectations
60-69% D
Fair
70-79% C
Proficient
80-89% B
Exemplary
90-100% A
1. Assume that you are financial advisor to a business. Describe
the advice that you would give to the client for raising business
capital using both debt and equity options in today’s economy.
Outline the major advantages and disadvantages of each option.
Weight: 30%
Did not submit or incompletely described the advice that you
would give to the client for raising business capital using both
debt and equity options in today’s economy. Did not submit or
incompletely outlined the major advantages and disadvantages
of each option.
Insufficiently described the advice that you would give to the
client for raising business capital using both debt and equity
options in today’s economy. Insufficiently outlined the major
advantages and disadvantages of each option.
Partially described the advice that you would give to the client
for raising business capital using both debt and equity options

6. in today’s economy. Partially outlined the major advantages and
disadvantages of each option.
Satisfactorily described the advice that you would give to the
client for raising business capital using both debt and equity
options in today’s economy. Satisfactorily outlined the major
advantages and disadvantages of each option.
Thoroughly described the advice that you would give to the
client for raising business capital using both debt and equity
options in today’s economy. Thoroughly outlined the major
advantages and disadvantages of each option.
2. Summarize the advice that you would give the client on
selecting an investment banker to assist the business in raising
this capital.
Weight: 25%
Did not submit or incompletely summarized the advice that you
would give the client on selecting an investment banker to assist
the business in raising this capital.
Insufficiently summarized the advice that you would give the
client on selecting an investment banker to assist the business in
raising this capital.
Partially summarized the advice that you would give the client
on selecting an investment banker to assist the business in
raising this capital
Satisfactorily summarized the advice that you would give the
client on selecting an investment banker to assist the business in
raising this capital.
Thoroughly summarized the advice that you would give the
client on selecting an investment banker to assist the business in
raising this capital
3. Explain the historical relationships between risk and return
for common stocks versus corporate bonds. Explain the manner
in which diversification helps in risk reduction in a portfolio.
Support response with actual data and concepts learned in this
course.
Weight: 30%
Did not submit or incompletely explained the historical

7. relationships between risk and return for common stocks versus
corporate bonds, and did not submit or incompletely explained
the manner in which diversification helps in risk reduction in a
portfolio. Did not submit or incompletely supported response
with actual data and concepts learned in this course.
Insufficiently explained the historical relationships between risk
and return for common stocks versus corporate bonds, and
insufficiently explained the manner in which diversification
helps in risk reduction in a portfolio. Insufficiently supported
response with actual data and concepts learned in this course.
Partially explained the historical relationships between risk and
return for common stocks versus corporate bonds, and partially
explained the manner in which diversification helps in risk
reduction in a portfolio. Partially supported response with
actual data and concepts learned in this course.
Satisfactorily explained the historical relationships between risk
and return for common stocks versus corporate bonds, and
satisfactorily explained the manner in which diversification
helps in risk reduction in a portfolio. Satisfactorily supported
response with actual data and concepts learned in this course.
Thoroughly explained the historical relationships between risk
and return for common stocks versus corporate bonds, and
thoroughly explained the manner in which diversification helps
in risk reduction in a portfolio. Thoroughly supported response
with actual data and concepts learned in this course.
4. 1 reference
Weight: 5%
No references provided
Does not meet the required number of references; all references
poor quality choices.
Does not meet the required number of references; some
references poor quality choices.
Meets number of required references; all references high quality
choices.
Exceeds number of required references; all references high
quality choices.

8. 5. Clarity, writing mechanics, and formatting requirements.
Weight: 10%
More than 8 errors present
7-8 errors present
5-6 errors present
3-4 errors present
0-2 errors present
Running head: BORDER SECURITY 1
BORDER SECURITY 2
Border Security
SEC 460 – Term Paper Proposal

9. Problem statement
The numbers in blue refer to my corrections page found in the
writing folder.
The problem of border security is a sore wound in the American
policy making for a while now. Policy makers and law makers
alike have been under constant pressure to pass laws and draft
policies that will deal with the issue once and for all yet the
shortfall increases. In the recent scheme of things, a
humanitarian crisis on the U.S-Mexican south east border has
been the center of focus for politicians and observers alike. New
¶ Opposing sides on the issue have argued that there is need for
border security to be revamped on one side while those in
charge of implementing and enforcing homeland security
policies argue that border security is adequate. If the recent
crisis of abandoned and undocumented children attempting to
cross the border from Central America is anything to go by,
there is enough ground to call for better policy making to
address the issue wholesomely (Boozman, 2014). This is to
avoid further strain on the border security enforcement
resources, which culminate into a failed justice system, as well
as, a compromised Homeland Security.
The perennial problem at the south east U.S Mexican border has
become a melting point of the American politics. Despite the
deployment of sophisticated technology in the form of sensors,
motion detectors, and cameras among others the problem
continues to persist. The greatest fear is in the spillover of
violent crimes such as homicides, drug trade and increase in
illegal immigrants into the U.S. for more than two decades the
question remains whether the threats can be neutralized
effectively. New ¶ The tradition in border security management
is to increase and improve security in centers with large
population and potential target areas for terrorists. This is the
duty of US Customs and Border Protection Security (CBP), (9)
however, (35) some elements of border security have eluded

10. the noose of this agency. Despite the doubled manpower and
employment of sophisticated software in border management
illegal immigrants still find their way into the US. The question
that therefore lingers is the approach in border security the
appropriate one? And? Proposals don’t ask questions, the
proposal lays out the answers to any questions you had going
into the initial research, or if a question is critical to lay out,
one then lays out how it will be answered.
The current situation
CBP uses a high number of personnel to control the borders but
it has only achieved effective control. Effective Control is the
concentration of efforts in areas where it is likely to apprehend
a n illegal immigrant trying to enter U.S (Steinmetz, 2011). The
problem with this approach is that despite the doubled number
of personnel the agency is still in need of more agents. New ¶
Additionally, You need to learn to recognize the need for
transitions or to have better transitions, and not to rely on
conjunctions and adjectives for transitions or to move ideas
along. The overuse of words like another, also, in addition,
but, but also, furthermore, etc. usually indicate one of three
things. One is either not transitioning ideas well; one is not
developing ideas fully; and/or, one is adding an afterthought.
The latter two often occur when one is rushed, or one does not
have sufficient research to support ideas.
You should be aware of this and when proofing your paper keep
an eye out for such usage. Then you can either develop better
transitions, develop ideas fully into new paragraphs, put the
idea in a footnote, or delete altogether. Most of the time the
overuse of also, etc. detract from the quality of the work. there
seems to be lack of proper coordination of activities between
the groups involved in border security. As a result coordination
needs to be improved. New ¶ On the same note, there is a need
to expand rapid response of the agency. The personnel issue
could be improved by reinforcement of the existing personnel
by National Guard (Steinmetz, 2011). Since there are controls
of deployment of the National Guard on U.S soil the best

11. approach would be to overturn these laws. New ¶ Another way
of dealing with the issue is to work closely with the local law
enforcement agencies in gathering and sharing of information.
The CBP could build capacity in the local agencies by further
training and equipping the agencies with modern technology.
This could drive the war on organized crime and illegal
immigration a notch higher.
New ¶ Response time is another way CBP can improve response
to illegal border penetration. To achieve this CBP should
facilitate the accelerated construction of outposts in remote
areas along the borders (Steinmetz, 2011). New ¶ The support
of swift local response teams would also assist in quick
apprehension of detected threats. This approach is similar to the
one in use today only that it is more profound and practical in
approach.
The problem of economics of border security has also come into
the limelight. Some have argued that the costly affair of
erecting the secure fence is draining the economic resources of
the country. On the same note, ethical and environmental
concerns have been raised concerning the secure fence. New ¶
One notable challenge is the cost of the materials used to
construct the fences. This factor has significantly lowered the
speed implementing the construction of the fence. Initially the
project did not capture the increase in costs of the project
especially due to the needs of increased personnel and
technology. CBP should therefore reassess the cost of the
advanced secure fence in its efforts to address the border
security.
The other aspect With the use of “another,” “Also,” and “other,”
you have quite a few aspects. You may be trying to do too
much. of the issue that perhaps remains untouched is
economics. Failure of implementing effective border security
has a negative impact on the economic welfare of the country
(Mcneill, 2009). New ¶ A better policy that could improve
border security while maintaining the economic wellbeing of the
country is Security and prosperity partnership. This is a forum

12. that brings together the U.S, Canada and Mexico. This
partnership can help improve the economic wellbeing of the
partner countries without compromising the sovereignty of
either (Mcneill, 2009). This means that the livelihoods of the
Mexicans will improve thereby eliminating the need for them to
illegally enter America. This source indicates a program that is
now five years old, or that was suggested five years ago. Is the
program active, effective, or not?
Conclusion
It would seem that the shortfalls experienced in the border
security management could be addressed by multifaceted
policies. These are policies that focus and bring together the
separate aspects of current efforts to step up border securities.
Such a policy should therefore capture sophisticated
technology, increased manpower with adequate training, secure
fence, state-federal government partnership as well as bilateral
economic activities. In the combination of the above elements,
lies the solution to deteriorating border security. In any paper
a single paragraph is not sufficient to draw lessons and
takeaway. For a proposal a conclusion is not needed for the
proposal but rather what you hope or intend to learn and
takeaway as conclusions.
Rich,
This is a good topic, but I hope you have a specific conclusion
in mind. It goes without saying you will learn something as
will the reader. But knowing something is not a purpose of an
academic paper.
You had more of an essay here than a proposal, however, this is
not uncommon and some writers need this to get started. Good
writers often go through several revisions before the writer is
satisfied with the result. Students seem to think it is a one-
time shot. But one has to start somewhere, and you have done
the hard part, getting your initial thoughts down.
What you need to do now is rethink what you have. You are
trying to cover way too much in too little time and relied too
much on outside sources. A proposal for undergrad and even

13. most grad papers do not require documentation as it is your
words and ideas that are being developed to lay out your
problem or issue that will be addressed, what you believe the
key points are to start, and what you initially hope to learn and
takeaway.
All of which might require modification as you go, but you need
a good starting point to assure you research what you need, not
stumble upon sufficient work. I don’t want a superficial
treatment of a wide-ranging topic.
What you suggest in your last paragraph is much too much to be
done in an nine week paper that is now down to about five
weeks to research and write. Presuming you have done some
research as indicated by the references below, you are still in
good stead. But you need to find the focus for the paper and
that begins with what you hope to learn and takeaway in the
conclusion.
So this is a good first step for you, but as the proposal is a tool
to help you focus your research, you need to identify the lessons
you hope to learn and the recommendations or solutions you
will have, or hope to have, based on the lessons.
I want to iterate this: Then you can focus your research so you
can get what you need, not hope to stumble upon sufficient
material based on a general searches or key words that often lull
one into thinking one has done sufficient work.
It is the conclusion that allows you to focus on the multiple
sources you will need to fully develop each issue, discuss and
develop argument, leading to your conclusion. This way you
focus on what you need, not hope what you find will be
sufficient.
Any issues or problems raised and discussed in the body, must
be dealt with in the conclusion. Conversely any issue solved, or
dealt with in the conclusion must be fully developed and laid
out in the body. And your introduction introduces both what
the paper deals with, and what it accomplished. The proposal
which is your working introduction, should serve as your final
introduction, once redrafted.

14. Any issues or problems raised and discussed in the body, must
be dealt with in the conclusion. Conversely any issue solved, or
dealt with in the conclusion must be fully developed and laid
out in the body. And your introduction introduces both what
the paper deals with, and what it accomplished. The proposal
which is your working introduction, should serve as your final
introduction, once redrafted.
The conclusion is the purpose of the paper supported by the
evidence you provide, not the facts themselves. What are the
lessons; what do you hope to recommend or offer as a solution?
Remember you must fully develop each issue you raise.
Be sure to think through your conclusion so you choose the
examples, data, and direct quotes you need to help make your
points. Don't rely on too few sources either. There is a
tremendous amount of material available, pick the best to
support your paper, use direct quotes to enhance the paper and
support the ideas you make, and be sure to use the best data as
you can and corroborate your information as well.
Be sure to utilize the Electronic Library and Proquest from the
online LRC, as well as other LRC resources. Be sure to seek
primary or original documentation as well. Use secondary
sources to lead you to primary sources. And be sure to
corroborate your data. There are many LRC databases that have
articles not found on the web itself, to include transcripts which
may be very valuable resources for you in general, but provide
unique direct quotes to support ideas you will want to express.
Be sure to use primary and original sources where you can. Use
your secondary sources to cue you to other sources to include
primary and original sources. And always corroborate ideas and
data, and use multiple sources to assure you are covering the
topic well, and can find appropriate quotes to enhance you
work.
I don’t need to see this again, however, I do encourage you to
revise this based on my comments for your own edification. If
you do want me to review it, and comment further, I will be
happy to do so.

15. 8.9
References
Boozman, J., (2014). Immigration Reform & Border Security.
Retrieved on 27th July 2014 from
http://www.boozman.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/immigration-
reform-border-security
Mcneill, B., J., (2009). 15 Steps to Better Border Security:
Reducing America's Southern Exposure. Retrieved on 27th July
2014 from http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/03/15-
steps-to-better-border-security-reducing-americas-southern-
exposure
Steinmetz, T., (2011). Customs & Immigration. FrontLines:
Improving Our Border Security. Retrieved on 27th July 2014
from http://www.hstoday.us/focused-topics/customs-
immigration/single-article-page/frontlines-improving-our-
border-security/b40bed68bf60f37b806f46f2573e6629.html