Building-integrated photovoltaics as energy producing façades

DACD / ISAAC / Energiefassaden – Potenzial, Technologien und Wirtschaftlichkeit
Building-integrated photovoltaics as energy
producing façades.
Design options and examples
23 maggio 2022
1
Prof. Dr. Francesco Frontini
Head of Building System sector
Swiss BIPV competence centre
SUPSI-ISAAC ConstructPV Project, small scale facade Demo, design UNStudio

SUPSI Swiss BIPV CC and SUPSI-PVLab
• Over 15 years of experience in the use of photovoltaics in architecture in collaboration with industry
• First BIPV project in 2003-2004
• Multidisciplinary team: architects, engineers, physicists, technicians
• Collaboration with industries, architects and building owners for market transfer (from TRL4 to TRL8)
• Unique ISO 17025 accreditated PV Lab in Switzerland
2
Demonstration and applied
research
New Technology
Sensitization and
communication
Test & Qualification
PVLab
PVLab
www.solarchitecture.ch

Solar evolution: beyond technology, beyond cosmetics
23/05/2022
3
2000
© HUGGENBERGERFRIES, Solaris, Zurich
® Rolf Disch, Solar Settlement, Freiburg
© Thomas Herzog, Solar house in Munich
1979 2018
© Rohspace, Hanwha Group, UNStudio arch. Seoul
2019
First Age
First Age Second Age
Second Age

VARIEGATED (NEW) MARKET DEMANDS AND DESIGN COMPLEXITY
23/05/2022
4
«MY PV ROOF» «AVARAGE» BUILDINGS «VALUABLE» BUILDINGS NZEB or PEB
RETROFIT
Scognamiglio A., Frontini F, “BIPV”. GETTING THE TECHNOLOGY
AND INTEGRATION BALANCE RIGHT, 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference | EUPVSEC
NEW

NEW REQUIREMENTS (COMPLEXITY)
R&D FOR DIFFERENT ACTORS
23/05/2022
5
«MY PV ROOF» «AVARAGE» BUILDINGS «VALUABLE» BUILDINGS NZEB or PEB
STANDARD
PHOTOVOLTAIC
MODULES
+
MOUNTING
SYSTEMS
“PREFABRICATED”
PHOTOVOLTAIC
COMPONENTS
INCLUDING
INSULATION
(RETROFITTING)
CUSTOMISED
PHOTOVOLTAIC
MODULES
“PREFABRICATED”
PHOTOVOLTAIC
COMPONENTS
(INCLUDING INSULATION)
+
PART OF AN ENERGY
SOLUTION SET
active energy
performance
passive energy
performance
+
active energy
performance
+
integrability
active energy
performance
+
visual
appearance
+
integrability
passive energy
performance
+
active energy
performance
+
integrability
“complete”
energy
system
INNOVATION POTENTIAL

Roof solutions
Full integration, dimension and color
23/05/2022
6
Source: www.solarchitecture.ch, Casa Schneller Bader
Arch. Bearth & Deplazes Architekten AG
Tiles: 3S Solar Plus
Source: www.solarchitecture.ch, Casa Schneller Bader
Arch. Lutz architectes
Tiles: Ernst Schweizer AG, Solstis AG, CSEM

Roof solutions
Different forms and dimensions possible
23/05/2022
7
3S Solar Plus, Megaslate tiles, min 985x875
Swisspearl, Integral, 1300x900mm Solariresuisse, Sunstyle
Panotron, 375x155mm
Soltop, 996x1660 mm
SchweizerMetalabau Flisom lightweigh roof solution
Flisom lightweigh roof solution

Façade solutions: opaque vs transparent
23/05/2022
8
(source: Kamaleon Solar) (source: AGC Technovation center,
Gosselies, Belgium)

Façade solutions: different possibilities with different performances and “targets”
23/05/2022
9
Source: prSIA 2062 Photovoltaik auf und an Gebäuden
*(Cat. A and B are for Roofs )
*
Light construction Heavy constructions
Categorization of BIPV applications
https://iea-pvps.org/key-topics/categorization-of-bipv-applications/

Façade solutions: different possibilities with different performances and “targets”
23/05/2022
10
Source: prSIA 2062

Back rail system (hided joint)
23/05/2022
11
Source: solarchitecture.ch
Picture SwissInso, Martin Zeller
Solar Silo, Basel, Baüburo In situ AG

DACD / ISAAC / Energiefassaden – Potenzial, Technologien und Wirtschaftlichkeit 12
Overlapping solution with hook holder
23/05/2022
Picture: Beat Bühler
Project in Zwirnerstrasse, René Schmid Architekten AG
Drawing: ETHZ

Aluminum rail system suspended on metal structure
23/05/2022
Picture: DMK Architecture Photography
Silo Bleu, Renens, Epure Architecture et Urbanisme SA

New aesthetic potentials for active opaque facades
23/05/2022
14
(source: SUNOVATION)
(source: ERTEX)
(source: ISSOL)
(source: SOLAXESS)
(source: SWISSINSO)
(source: COMPAZ)
(source: Kamaleon Solar)
(source: Sunage SunCol)

Power vs color
How much does the aesthetics "cost"?
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15
IEA PVPS Task 15: ST-E report: Coloured BIPV : Market, Research and Development
© HSLU © Berger © HSLU © CSEM
© ConstructPV © ECN © Smart-flex

23/05/2022
(source: Alessandro Rabaglio – Città di Lugano & Chiara Zocchetti – CdT)
(https://solarchitecture.ch/polis/)
Transforming a conventional cladding
in an energy-producing façade
The BIPV facade of
Centro Polis in Lugano

Centro Polis in Lugano: the active surfaces
Year of construction: 2017 – 2021
• PV façade (rainscreen façade): 173 kWp - 1’675 m2
• PV roof (BAPV on flat roof): 112 kWp - 603 m2
Main goals of our FER project:
• Monitoring of facade energy performance in operation
• Simulation of PV-energy and performance-gap
• Techno-econimic analysis of costs and revenues
• Citizens sensitization and communication
23/05/2022
(source: Alessandro Rabaglio – Città di Lugano & Chiara Zocchetti – CdT)
Fondo Energie Rinnovabili

Solar Potential
Yield from 215 to 835 kWh/kWp
Max difference between the most and
less irradiated points: ∆yearly (kWh/m2):
65% (Façade 7)
50% (Façade 10)
23/05/2022
Facades 7 & 8 – 21/12 h.16
Facades 7 & 8 – 21/3 h.13
Facade 2 ‐ 21/12 h.10
a
a
b
c
Façade 10 – Global yearly irradiation (source: SUPSI)
Façade 7 – Global Spring irradiation (source: SUPSI)
b
b
c
a. Shading from the urban surrounding
b. Shading from the roof overhang
c. Self-shadings from the building

Building skin: cladding (module) electrical concept
• Sunage Suncol glass-glass modules
(custom-made)
Aesthetic customization:
• Effect of glass colour (compared to a
transparent front glass): reduction of
25-30% power output in STC
Module electrical features:
• C-Si mono
• 4 horizontal sub-modules 48cells (4 JB)
• 4 diodes
• Specific power: 110/130 Wp/m²
23/05/2022
(Source: Sunage-Alsolis)
(Source: SUPSI)
Source:
2905

Cost competitiveness
23/05/2022
242 CHF/m2
Extra cost
in comparison to a rainscreen facade with a fibercement composite
panel (alternative of the original project) –VAT excluded.
Single/aggregated facades analysis
(Facades 1&7 South)
• Co: +46 CHF/m2 (PayBackTime: 13 years)*
Global analysis:
• Co: -78 CHF/m2 (PBT >30years)*
*analysis are based on energy simulated data
• Co=NPV/A = €/m2
• Simulated energy data, 30 years, 100% SC
Analysis will be validated with real data
(Source: SUPSI –Bequerel)
(Source: SUPSI For more details see: BIPV Status Report 2020)

Lessons learned
“I want a solar building”
• Decision making, makes the difference
• Multifunctionality is the starting point…
…interdisciplinarity is all the rest:
• Architecture & PV energy concept
• Construction and PV technologies
• Building and electric engineering
• Energy and economy optimization
• Construction and PV processes

Decision making
“Regarding the PV façade, it was simply an adaptation of a fiber-cement ventilated
façade, which we then converted during the design phase together with the city of
Lugano, aiming to maintain the same style and the same architectural concept”.
Architect Rosario Galgano -Studio Mario Campi SA
“The Polis building was a challenge on several counts. We started with a project that was
already well advanced and designed using a traditional non-active cladding. Replacing
the traditional cladding with our BIPV modules required a major effort to find the best
possible solution in terms of aesthetics and efficiency”
Gazmend Luzi -Manager at Sunage SA
23/05/2022 See complete interview on www.solarchitecture.ch

More details ? On the platform of «sun as a building material»: www.solarchitecture.ch
23/05/2022
23

Thank you very much for your attention
Prof. Francesco Frontini
francesco.frontini@supsi.ch
www.supsi.ch/isaac
www.solarchitecture.ch
23/05/2022
This project has received funding from the European Union’s
Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under
grant agreement N° 817991. The information reflects only
the project's view and the Commission is not responsible for
any use that may be made of the information it contains.
Source: Alessandro Rabaglio – Città di Lugano & Chiara Zocchetti – CdT
40 anni TISO, 19 May 2022, Campus Mendrisio
https://www.supsi.ch/isaac/eventi-
comunicazioni/eventi/2022/2022-05-19.html

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