This document discusses keyboard navigation and its importance for accessibility. Keyboard navigation allows people with disabilities, such as visual impairments, physical disabilities, or chronic conditions, to access websites. It provides guidelines for building keyboard-accessible interfaces, including ensuring all functionality is available via keyboard, avoiding keyboard traps, logical focus order, and visible focus indicators. Videos also demonstrate how people with different abilities use keyboard navigation on their devices.

1. Keyboard Navigation
Presented by Emi Lopez

2. Who depends on keyboard navigation?
A person with a
physical disability
who cannot use a
mouse

3. Who depends on keyboard navigation?
A person who is blind, and cannot see the mouse
pointer on the screen

4. Who depends on keyboard navigation?
People with chronic
conditions, such as
repetitive stress
injuries (RSI), who
should limit or avoid
use of a mouse

5. What are the additional benefits?
Application content works for people with temporary
limitations, such as a broken arm or broken mouse

6. Understanding Users
How Molly a blind person uses
her devices
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OEZX5lsQG
8

7. Understanding Users
How Tommy a blind person uses
his computer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzffnbBex6c

8. Understanding Users
How Christopher a person with
limited manual dexterity uses
technology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--
Jakgk3tpA

9. Understanding Users
The Keyboard with One Key
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-3OPFQFc-
c

10. WCAG guidelines related to keyboard
accessibility

11. 2.1.1 Keyboard
All page functionality is available using
the keyboard, unless the functionality
cannot be accomplished in any known
way using a keyboard.

12. 2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap
Keyboard focus is never locked or
trapped at one particular page element
ensuring that the user can navigate to
and away from all navigable page
elements using only a keyboard.

13. 2.4.3 Focus Order
The navigation order of links, form
elements, etc., is logical and intuitive.

14. 2.4.7 Focus Visible
It is visually apparent which page
element has the current keyboard focus
(i.e., as you tab through the page, you
can see where you are).

15. Additional Information
Web Accessibility Perspectives: Keyboard Compatibility https://www.w3.org/WAI/perspectives/keyboard.html
Design Patterns and Widgets (keyboard interaction behavior) https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices/#aria_ex
Why Keyboard Usability Is More Important Than You Think
https://blog.usertesting.com/blog/2014/10/08/why-keyboard-usability-is-more-important-than-you-think/
Designing better keyboard-experiences
https://blog.usertesting.com/blog/2014/10/08/designing-better-keyboard-experiences/