1. Art Resource GuideGroup 3: Pages 47-77 Raul Lopez Wesley Nguyen Anthony Tran Tony Vu Ali Mesallem Erika Albinto

3. Tempe, Kissi, and Boloum in Sierra Leone

4. Portuguese visitors collected ivory objects by Sapi carvers

5. Many African cultural groups consider dogs to be attuned to the spiritual world

6. Ivory was a highly coveted material for Africans & Europeans

7. prestigious and wealthy sign

8. William Fragg grouped all African ivory objects as “Afro-Portuguese ivories” in 1959 Lidded Salt Cellar

10. along the western coast of Africa, south of Sierra Leone

11. The Benin Kingdom was founded in present day Nigeria around 900 C.E. lead by series of leaders known as Ogiso (“Rulers of the Sky”)

12. Benin Kingdom grew through warfare

13. They made any types of artwork

14. Most prized were made of cast metal, ivory, and coralPlaque, Benin Kingdom Court Style, Edo Peoples, Nigeria, Mid-Sixteenth Century

16. British looted Oba’s palace, destroyed the city, took artworks, and exiled Oba

17. Many of the artworks are now in museums and some people of Benin want them back.

18. Even though better off in the western museumsBenin Invasion

20. Referred as the Gold Coast by Europeans prior to independence

21. Part of the Akan language group

22. Power held in tribe by the chief

23. Each town in the Fante region has own Asafoorganization

25. Posuban: usually multistoried shrines that houses items of special importance in community such as drums and flags

26. Basically, a warehouse with a fancy name

27. Frankaa: elaborately decorated with highly symbolic imagery

28. Made on commision

29. Naturally, members of different Asafo groups have preferences for their artist

30. Usually tailored by males who gained knowledge through apprenticeshipAsafo Flag by KwekuKakanu

32. Evidence shows this site was populated as early as 350 B.C.E.

33. Ile-Ife: a thriving city-state since the 11th century

34. Makes Yoruba one of the largest ethnic group originating in the area

35. Ruled by kings who supposedly had a connection to the world of deities

37. Some adire wrappers displays elaborate decorations

38. Frontal pose emphasizes on the regalia of the royal figures

39. Also emphasizes the culture of the Yoruba

40. To either side of the medallion is repeated scenes

43. A large portion of this region (referred to as Guinea by European, was colonized later by the French

44. Prior to the colonial period, there were many interrelationships among the various ethnic groups throughout the region.

46. Neighbored by the Baule, Yaure, Wan, Anyi, and Attie groups

47. Known for their rich traditions in masquerade

48. Artists from all of these groups produce carved wooden masks and sculptures that are quite similar in style

50. Ruled by a council of elder males who are not seen as divine, but are accorded special status for their age and wisdom.

51. For the Guro and related groups, masquerade plays an especially important role in upholding the social order

53. MamiWata can be translated as “Mother Water”

54. The bottom half is a highly stylized face mask.

55. Typical of masks in this region, the face mask is dominated by the colors red, black, and white.

57. Some have powerful ritual significance, others are for entertainment

58. Can be both entertaining and sacred at the same time.

59. Masqueraders, who among the Guro are men, dress in full ensembles and perform with music for entertainment of the community.Masquerade

61. Unlike many West African countries ruled by a small group of government officials, Côte d'Ivoire had a relatively sizable population of French citizen

62. The French approach to colonization in Côte d'Ivoire was to force assimilation.

63. They placed great emphasis on French language, history, literature, and culture.

64. Masquerade survived the colonial period and continues to flourish today

65. Brought together music, dance, costuming, and emphasizes shared social values.Côte d'Ivoire

67. In the year Anatsui was born, his country was a British colony known as the Gold Coast.

68. Anatsui received a formal art education at the College of Art of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi.

71. Broken ceramic pots and discarded cassava graters arefeatured in his sculptural installations

72. His recent works: wall installations made of discarded metal cans & bottle caps

73. Example: most famous Fading Cloth

74. The Fading Clothname refers to formal qualities of the intense colors in the center

77. At the height of the Age of Empire, Great Britain was driven for political power

78. Commodities and trade were important for global expansion

79. Imports of spices and teas came from foreign land which later became colonies

80. These imports were first seen as luxuries then they later became necessities

83. aristocrats from Staffordshire, England

84. Decorative style & number of dishes/plates showed that it was meant for only appearance, not for used

85. Made of porcelain

87. First porcelain pieces to arrive in Europe came during the early fourteenth century through Silk Road

88. Porcelain can be shaped in many ways, but still fragile, which makes it a desirable trade item

89. More porcelain became available to the Europeans once trade sea routes were established by the Portuguese

90. Once Europeans got their hands on the porcelain, it was embellished and turned it into showpieces

91. Europeans desired dining items to be made out of porcelain, such as mugs, teacups, and candleholders

94. Unknown artist

95. Size = about a piece of notebook paper

96. Many Indian artists from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries adapted their styles to meet the demands of new European patrons

97. Company School Painting: a.k.a. kampanikalan, refers to works that were produced by Indian artists for British patronsSelected work info

99. Styles: some traditional Indian miniature painting and some influenced by European artistic conventions

100. East India Company: joint-stock company that has a special relationship with the British Crown

101. held a position of dominance in India and areas stretching into parts of Asia

102. Key commodities for East India Company: tea, cotton, and indigo

103. European reps. desired images that captured their new and interesting new home

104. Company School paintings depicted general subject matter of nature

106. Paintings used watercolors instead of gouache

107. Gouache: the medium more traditional to Indian miniature paintings

108. Both gouache and watercolors capture the smallest detail on a tiny scale

109. Lord Impey and Marquess Wellesley supported the Company School paintings

110. These paintings from the 18th and 19th centuries are similar to modern day tourist photographs

111. Started to die off when photography was introduced in 1840s

113. Lack of documentation about his life

114. Father died early on in his youth; mother married Peter Pelham in 1748

115. Pelham: painter and engraver

116. Copley established basics of art from him during his teen years

118. The boy is Copley’s half brother

119. West encourage Copley to move to London, so Copley set sail to London in 1774

120. There he travelled Paris, Rome, Florence, and more.

121. Continued to make Colonial painting while in London

123. Rode from Boston to Lexington to warn fellow Patriots of the British incoming

124. Revere was actually one of several riders.

126. At this point he was known as an artisan silversmith

127. Took the family business around the age of 34; same age as when he sat down for his portrait

128. Was also a skilled goldsmith and advertised himself as a dentist

129. Active member of his church , politics prior to his ride ; joined the Sons of Liberty: opposed British colonial policies. Paul Revere, the Silversmith

131. The tax was actually small, but colonists saw it unreasonable for parliament to tax the American colonies without colonial representation at parliament

132. “No taxation without representation!” echoed the protesters…

133. Repealed in 1766, but more “unreasonable” taxes followed

135. By Frederick William Stevens

136. British Architect

137. Known for his Gothic style

138. Celebrate jubilee of Queen Victoria

140. Italianate Gothic style

142. Crown=Progress

143. Lion & Tiger=European & Indian power

144. Name of seventeenth-century wise Hindu KingChhatrapatiShivajiTerminus(Victoria Terminus Building)

146. Represented European notions of progress

147. Designed by Joseph Reed

148. Designed public, commercial, and ecclesiastical architecture

149. Firm: Reed & Barnes

150. For the Melbourne International Exhibition

151. High European ideas about progress

152. Ideas from church architecture, Gothic and Classical influences

153. Attention to city’s growth & progress

154. Main section exists, but side wings demolishedRoyal Exhibition Building

156. Design by Arthur Blomfield

157. English architect and member of Royal Institute of British Archietcs

158. Most recent in succession of significant Anglican churches in Georgetown

159. Small chapel in 1810, but additions were made

160. One of the tallest wooden churches (height: 143 feet)

161. Based on a Latin Cross with a central tower

163. What is the definition of Sapi? First paintings emerged in southern India Gothic style architecture Ancestors of contemporary cultural groups Multistoried shrines that houses items such as drums and flags Taught himself

165. or False True ChhatrapatiShivajiTerminus used to be called the Victoria Terminus Building.

166. True or False Guro people and other groups around the coastal region have been traditionally ruled by kings