its all about euthanasia and it various types etc...!!!!

1. Assignment on EUTHANASIA
TEACHER: SIR ASMAT ULLAH
IHSAN ULLAH Roll No. 11 5/5/16
Department of Jurisprudence
LLB FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMISTER SECTION A

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Table of Contents
Euthanasia....................................................................................... 2
A Brief Historyof Euthanasia ................................................................. 3
Reason for euthanasia.......................................................................... 4
TYPESOFEUTHANASIA...................................................................... 4
a. Voluntary euthanasia ................................................................... 4
B. involuntary euthanasia.................................................................... 5
C. Non voluntary euthanasia ................................................................ 6
Whatis differencebetween voluntary,involuntaryand non-voluntary euthanasia ... 6
EuthanasiaCanBeActiveand Passive....................................................... 7
Whatis thedifference between passiveand activeeuthanasia? .......................... 8
LEGAL............................................................................................ 8
Thelegal statusof euthanasia............................................................... 10
Ethical issues................................................................................... 11
Morality ........................................................................................ 11
CONCLUSION ................................................................................ 12

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Euthanasia
(Mercy Killing, Assisted Suicide)
The painless killing of a patient suffering from an
incurable,
And painful disease or in an irreversible coma.
Euthanasia is the painless ending of a
person’s life for reason of mercy,
Physician assisted suicide is the act in which a
physician provides the mean for suicide of the
incurably ill, the patient must take the final action that
causes his/her death such as swallowing lethal drugs.
The word Euthanasia Originate from the “Greek”
Word,
(Eu- means good and Thanatos means death)
According to world medical association the
euthanasia means “Deliberate and intentional
action with a clear intention to end another person
life under the following condition,
The subject is a competent informed person with
incurable illness who voluntary asked for ending his
life; the person who is acting known about the state

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of this person and about his wish to die and his doing
this action with an intention to end life of this person;
the action is done with compassion and without any
personal profit.
"The intentional putting to death of a person with an
incurable or painful disease intended as an act of
mercy." Active euthanasia is: A mode of ending life
in which the intent is to cause the patient's death in a
single act (also called mercy killing)."
A Brief History of Euthanasia
I’ll Give No deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor
suggest any such counsel (Hippocrates Father of
Modern medicine “400 B.C”)
I’ll not give a lethal drugs to anyone if I am asked, nor
will I advise such a plane. (Hippocratic Oath)
In the 1300s, suicide as well as helping people to kill
themselves were considered as a criminal act.
In the 1930s euthanasia was practiced for the first
time by German physicians.
In the 20th
century, lot of organizations were formed
to address the concerns regarding euthanasia.
(Voluntary euthanasia society)

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Reason for euthanasia
Advanced terminal illness that is causing
unbearable suffering to the individual. This is the
most common reason to seek an early end.
Grave physical handicap which is so restricting
that the individual cannot, even after due
consideration, counseling and re-training, tolerate
such a limited existence. This is a fairly rare reason
for suicide --
Most impaired people cope remarkably well with
their affliction -- but there are some who would, at a
certain point, rather die.
TYPES OF EUTHANASIA
There are three (3) Types of euthanasia
A. Voluntary euthanasia
B. In voluntary euthanasia
C. Non voluntary euthanasia
a. Voluntary euthanasia
i. Euthanasia performed with the patient's
consent is called voluntary euthanasia.
ii. Voluntary euthanasia is the practice of

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ending a life in a painless manner.
Voluntary euthanasia (VE) and
physician-assisted suicide (PAS) have
been the focus of great controversy in
recent years.
iii. Voluntary euthanasia is at the request of
a fully competent person who wishes to
die.
B. involuntary euthanasia
i. Which performed on a patient against their
will.
ii. Involuntary euthanasia occurs when
euthanasia is performed on a person who
would be able to provide informed consent,
but does not, either because they do not want
to die, or because they were not asked.
iii. Involuntary euthanasia occurs when a dying
person could have been but was not asked for
their consent, or when a request for continued
treatment is refused. Attaching DNR notices to
the medical notes of Elderly or disabled patients
without their knowledge can be considered a
form of involuntary euthanasia.

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C. Non voluntary euthanasia
i. Where the patient is unable to give their
informed consent, for example child
euthanasia)
ii. Non-voluntary euthanasia (sometimes known
as mercy killing) is euthanasia conducted
when the explicit consent of the individual
concerned is unavailable, such as when the
person is in a persistent Vegetative state, or in
the case of young children.
iii. Non-Voluntary euthanasia takes place when
a person is unable to consent due to age,
physical and/or mental incapacity. An example
of this would be the decision to stop artificial
feeding and hydration for someone in a
Persistent Vegetative State.
Whatisdifferencebetweenvoluntary,involuntaryandnon-
voluntary euthanasia
i. Voluntary euthanasia: When the person who is
killed has requested to be killed.
ii. Non-voluntary: When the person who is killed
made no request and gave no consent.

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iii. Involuntary euthanasia: When the person who
is killed made an expressed wish to contrary.
Euthanasia Can Be Active and Passive
i. Active Euthanasia: Active euthanasia
describes cases where an action is performed with
The intention of causing death. An
example of this would be giving a lethal
injection. This is currently illegal in the
U.K.
Active euthanasia, which is defined as
the intentional act of causing the death of
a patient experiencing great suffering, is
illegal in France, whereas allowing patients
to die is authorized by law under certain
conditions.
ii. Passive Euthanasia:: Passive euthanasia
describes cases where death is intentionally caused
By inaction. An example of this would be
withdrawing or withholding artificial
nutrition or hydration or the use of a
ventilator. "Passive euthanasia" is usually
defined as withdrawing medical treatment
with the deliberate intention of causing the
patient's death. For example, if a patient

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requires kidney dialysis to survive, and the
doctors disconnect the dialysis machine,
the patient will presumably die fairly soon.
What is the difference between passive and active
euthanasia?
Active euthanasia is when death is brought
about by an act - for example when a person is
killed by being given an overdose of pain-killers.
Passive euthanasia is when death is brought about
by an omission - i.e. when someone lets the person
die. This can be by withdrawing or withholding
treatment.
The moral difference between killing and letting
die. Many people make a moral distinction
between active and passive euthanasia. They
think that it is acceptable to withhold treatment
and allow a patient to die, but that it is never
acceptable to kill a patient by a deliberate act.
LEGAL
Let me point out here for those who might not know
it that suicide is no longer a crime anywhere in the

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English-speaking world. (It used to be, and was
punishable by giving all the dead person's money
and goods to the government.) Attempted suicide is
no longer a crime, although under health laws a
person can in most states be forcibly placed in a
psychiatric
Hospital for three days for evaluation.
But giving assistance in suicide remains a crime,
except in the Netherlands in recent times under
certain conditions, and it has never been a crime in
Switzerland, Germany, Norway and Uruguay. The
rest of the world punishes assistance in suicide for
both the mentally ill and the terminally ill, although
the state of Oregon recently (Nov. l994) passed by
ballot Measure 16 a limited physician-assisted
suicide law. In (Feb. l995) this is held up in the law
courts.
Even if a hopelessly ill person is requesting
assistance in dying for the most compassionate
reasons, and the helper is acting from the most noble
of motives, it remains a crime in the Anglo-American
world. Punishments range from fines to fourteen
years in prison. It is this catch- all prohibition which
I and others wish to change. In a caring society, under
the rule of law, we claim that there must be
exceptions.

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The legal status of euthanasia
In the U.S., individual states enact their own laws
regarding murder and homicide, and, accordingly, it
is for each state to decide for itself how to handle end-
of-life situations. Passive euthanasia is legal in all
states, where the medical profession itself establishes
guidelines for what types of treatment can be withheld
from dying patients. As of now, though, no state
permits active euthanasia, and only three state permits
assisted suicide, namely, Oregon, Montana and
Washington. Oregon was the first, and because of its
uniqueness, other states look to it as a test case for
what the effects of such a policy might be elsewhere.
Enacted in 1994, the specific guidelines of Oregon’s
“Death With Dignity Act” are rather strict, and
include the following conditions: (1) the person must
be suffering from a terminal disease (with less than
six months to live) and voluntarily express orally in
writing his or her wish to die; (2) the person’s
decision must be an informed one regarding his or her
prognosis and the alternatives to assisted death; (3)
after the patient’s initial request he or she must wait
15 days before receiving a prescription for the death-
causing medication, and at that time the physician
will offer the patient an opportunity to rescind the
request. Oregon keeps detailed records of the patients

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who avail themselves of the “Death with Dignity Act”
Ethical issues
Whether the issue is euthanasia or physician’s
assisted death, the heart of the controversy is whether
there are any morally justifiable reasons to kill
oneself, and since ancient time’s philosophers have
weighed in on this issue. We will look at the views of
three classic philosophers on the subject. Next, when
we turn to the contemporary moral debate regarding
end-of-life situations, we find a special challenge. On
the one hand, virtually all parties agree that certain
types of death-assistance measures are justified—
such as passive euthanasia. On the other hand,
virtually all parties also agree that there are limits to
exactly what can be done to end someone’s life—for
example, you cannot euthanize someone who doesn’t
want to die. Thus, the challenge is to find some
criteria by which to distinguish acceptable from
unacceptable death-assistance measures. We will
look at three possible criteria for making that
distinction.
Morality
A mercy killing can be in a person’s best interests. A

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person’s competent wishes should have very great
weight in what is done to her. Parents’ views as to
what it right for their children should normally be
given significant moral weight. Mercy killing, in the
situation where a person is suffering and faces a short
life anyway, and where the person is requesting it, can
be the right thing to do.
CONCLUSION
I Came on Conclusion that the Euthanasia is
wrong in many ways. It degrades the moral
character of patients and doctors that do not give
importance to the life given by our creator, God.
It also opposes the constitutionalized law in
countries, where euthanasia is illegal.
Furthermore, it desecrates the ethics of medicine.
Finally it doesn’t end life with dignity but with
disgrace. Euthanasia is both a crime and immoral
act, because it practices murder and an immoral
act because it deprives God’s sovereignty.