Webinar | Mar-17 | BGET: Smart Villages: Refugees, Displaced People & Energy
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Millions of refugees and displaced people from Myanmar live in camps along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Salinee Tavaranan Hurley of the Border Green Energy Team works in Thailand to help address the energy needs of these refugee camps. Her organization focuses on developing sustainable and affordable energy solutions for cooking, lighting, and power that can improve living conditions and reduce environmental impacts.
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Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
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Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
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Smart Villages/LCEDN webinar series
For more information, please go to e4sv.org
https://e4sv.org/events/webinar-crowd-power
If you are a start-up or a smaller energy access firm looking to raise funds, then energy-targeted crowdfunding may just be for you.
Raising the necessary finance for start-up and scale-up energy access ventures on terms that make commercial sense is one of the biggest challenges in the sector. In the search for appropriate finance, innovative energy access projects are increasingly turning to crowdfunding to address their financing need.
Energy4Impact has spent the last 3 years looking into the challenges and opportunities in crowdfunding energy access. In this webinar, they will share some of their findings and recommendations, covering donation, reward, debt and equity crowdfunding. Energy4Impact will be joined by crowdfunding platform partner Lendahand, as well as crowdfunded entrepreneurs Sosai Renewable Energies of Nigeria to present their experiences.
This month, our presenters/discussants will be Energy4Impact's Davinia Cogan, who has been managing their crowdfunding research programme, Koen The, CEO of Lendahand Ethex and Habiba Ali, Managing Director of Sosai RE. In addition to presentations on their experiences, the webinar will include a panel discussion on the various challenges and opportunities of crowdfunding energy access between the presenters, as well as - of course - an opportunity for Q&A with all webinar participants.
WEBINAR | CROWD POWER | Sosai RE Crowdfunding Experience - Habiba Ali
Smart Villages/LCEDN webinar series
For more information, please go to e4sv.org
https://e4sv.org/events/webinar-crowd-power
If you are a start-up or a smaller energy access firm looking to raise funds, then energy-targeted crowdfunding may just be for you.
Raising the necessary finance for start-up and scale-up energy access ventures on terms that make commercial sense is one of the biggest challenges in the sector. In the search for appropriate finance, innovative energy access projects are increasingly turning to crowdfunding to address their financing need.
Energy4Impact has spent the last 3 years looking into the challenges and opportunities in crowdfunding energy access. In this webinar, they will share some of their findings and recommendations, covering donation, reward, debt and equity crowdfunding. Energy4Impact will be joined by crowdfunding platform partner Lendahand, as well as crowdfunded entrepreneurs Sosai Renewable Energies of Nigeria to present their experiences.
This month, our presenters/discussants will be Energy4Impact's Davinia Cogan, who has been managing their crowdfunding research programme, Koen The, CEO of Lendahand Ethex and Habiba Ali, Managing Director of Sosai RE. In addition to presentations on their experiences, the webinar will include a panel discussion on the various challenges and opportunities of crowdfunding energy access between the presenters, as well as - of course - an opportunity for Q&A with all webinar participants.
WEBINAR | CROWD POWER | Crowdfunding Energy Access Ventures - Davinia Cogan
Smart Villages/LCEDN webinar series
For more information, please go to e4sv.org
https://e4sv.org/events/webinar-crowd-power
If you are a start-up or a smaller energy access firm looking to raise funds, then energy-targeted crowdfunding may just be for you.
Raising the necessary finance for start-up and scale-up energy access ventures on terms that make commercial sense is one of the biggest challenges in the sector. In the search for appropriate finance, innovative energy access projects are increasingly turning to crowdfunding to address their financing need.
Energy4Impact has spent the last 3 years looking into the challenges and opportunities in crowdfunding energy access. In this webinar, they will share some of their findings and recommendations, covering donation, reward, debt and equity crowdfunding. Energy4Impact will be joined by crowdfunding platform partner Lendahand, as well as crowdfunded entrepreneurs Sosai Renewable Energies of Nigeria to present their experiences.
This month, our presenters/discussants will be Energy4Impact's Davinia Cogan, who has been managing their crowdfunding research programme, Koen The, CEO of Lendahand Ethex and Habiba Ali, Managing Director of Sosai RE. In addition to presentations on their experiences, the webinar will include a panel discussion on the various challenges and opportunities of crowdfunding energy access between the presenters, as well as - of course - an opportunity for Q&A with all webinar participants.
WEBINAR | DEC 2017 | Smart Villages Findings on Translating Research into Pra...
FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE VISIT e4sv.org
In September 2017, the Low Carbon Energy for Development Network (LCEDN) held its annual conference on the topic of "Equity and Energy Justice" at Durham University, UK. As a follow-up to this conference, we held two webinars to share highlights from the conference.
The first webinar focussed on energy justice. This month, we examined a second theme from the conference, and focused on questions of how academic research can best have impact at the grassroots of energy access and productive use, how that "knowledge gap" can be closed, and what some of the most effective solutions might be for ensuring that research can be applied effectively and equitably.
The speakers included Practical Action's Sarah Begg, who has been leading a participatory learning study with LCEDN looking at how academic research impacts the grassroots. She will be joined by her colleague from Practical Action's Bangladesh office, Iffat Khan, who will present some of the specific outcomes and experiences of the study in Bangladesh. Finally, the Smart Villages Initiative will share the global perspectives they have been able to gather on bridging academic research and making it relevant to energy access practitioners, entrepreneurs, and rural communities.
Sarah Begg, Global Knowledge and Learning Officer, Practical Action
Iffat Khan, Knowledge and Business Development Specialist, Practical Action Bangladesh
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FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE VISIT e4sv.org
In September 2017, the Low Carbon Energy for Development Network (LCEDN) held its annual conference on the topic of "Equity and Energy Justice" at Durham University, UK. As a follow-up to this conference, we held two webinars to share highlights from the conference.
The first webinar focussed on energy justice. This month, we examined a second theme from the conference, and focused on questions of how academic research can best have impact at the grassroots of energy access and productive use, how that "knowledge gap" can be closed, and what some of the most effective solutions might be for ensuring that research can be applied effectively and equitably.
The speakers included Practical Action's Sarah Begg, who has been leading a participatory learning study with LCEDN looking at how academic research impacts the grassroots. She will be joined by her colleague from Practical Action's Bangladesh office, Iffat Khan, who will present some of the specific outcomes and experiences of the study in Bangladesh. Finally, the Smart Villages Initiative will share the global perspectives they have been able to gather on bridging academic research and making it relevant to energy access practitioners, entrepreneurs, and rural communities.
Sarah Begg, Global Knowledge and Learning Officer, Practical Action
Iffat Khan, Knowledge and Business Development Specialist, Practical Action Bangladesh
Dr Bernie Jones, Co-Leader, Smart Villages Initiative
More more information, please visit e4sv.org
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The second in our series of workshops designed to gather input from stakeholders involved in existing off-grid projects in Africa, Asia and Latin America. This event was held in Malaysia for the ASEAN countries, organised by Smart Villages and the Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) in collaboration with Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS).
This presentation gives an overview of the activities taken in the remote village of Terrat, in Northern Tanzania, and the impact this has had on the population.
This is a re-upload of the original file, which was corrupt on Slideshare
For more information, please visit e4sv.org
ACEF2017 Smart Villages Energy as a Catalyst to Holistic Rural Development
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- Case studies show how specific mini-hydro projects were developed and financed through community contributions and ownership models to provide reliable, low-cost power to rural communities.
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This document summarizes a presentation by Dr. John Holmes on the Smart Villages Initiative. The initiative aims to bring key players together to discuss barriers to energy access in rural villages and how they can be overcome. It focuses on sustainable local energy solutions and facilitating discussions between communities, scientists, entrepreneurs, policymakers and others. The initiative includes six regional engagement programs across various areas of the world. It seeks to shift opportunities between cities and villages through technological advances and game-changing technologies to create smart villages.
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This document describes Nafa Naana, an organization in Burkina Faso that aims to enhance access to clean and efficient energy solutions through a microfranchised distribution network and microfinance services. Their mission is to make clean and affordable energy solutions available to households in Burkina Faso, especially women and low-income households in rural and suburban areas. Their solution involves a range of adapted products distributed through a network of microfranchised retailers with financing through microfinance institutions. By 2016, they had distributed over 49,000 energy efficient products including improved cookstoves, LPG stoves, and solar lamps and home systems.
Webinar | Jun-17 | Wonder Women Eastern Indonesia Program
The Wonder Women Eastern Indonesia Program has 466 women participating since 2014. They have distributed over 38,000 technologies to over 190,000 people across Eastern Indonesia. The technologies distributed include cooking, solar lighting, water purification and health technologies. The program has had a dual impact of increasing the incomes of the Wonder Women by an average of 12% while also providing benefits to technology users, mostly women, from access to sustainable technologies. On average, Wonder Women have increased their monthly incomes by $36 from sales of the technologies. The program has also reduced carbon emissions by over 5,000 metric tons and has influenced clean energy adoption among communities and government policies.
Webinar | Jun-17 | The Energy and Gender Nexus
The document discusses the relationship between energy access, use, and women's empowerment. It examines how access to energy can lead to women's empowerment through increasing ownership and control of assets and energy equipment, freedom of movement, and ability to make independent decisions. However, it also notes that women's empowerment through factors like ownership rights and women's collectives can also lead to changes in energy access and use. The document outlines some of the political, social, and institutional factors that facilitate women's empowerment through energy, as well as pathways that could lead to transformational change, such as promoting women's employment and assisting them in addressing social norms regarding productive asset ownership.
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Recently uploaded
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MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
Explainable Deepfake Image/Video Detection
Presentation of our paper, "Towards Quantitative Evaluation of Explainable AI Methods for Deepfake Detection", by K. Tsigos, E. Apostolidis, S. Baxevanakis, S. Papadopoulos, V. Mezaris. Presented at the ACM Int. Workshop on Multimedia AI against Disinformation (MAD’24) of the ACM Int. Conf. on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR’24), Thailand, June 2024. https://doi.org/10.1145/3643491.3660292 https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.18649
Software available at https://github.com/IDT-ITI/XAI-Deepfakes
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
一比一原版美国佩斯大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国佩斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
seed production, Nursery & Gardening.pdf
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
Rodents, Birds and locust_Pests of crops.pdf
Mole rat or Lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicotabengalensis
•Head -round and broad muzzle
•Tail -shorter than head, body
•Prefers damp areas
•Burrows with scooped soil before entrance
•Potential rat, one pair can produce more than 800 offspringsin one year
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
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Discovery of Merging Twin Quasars at z=6.05
We report the discovery of two quasars at a redshift of z = 6.05 in the process of merging. They were
serendipitously discovered from the deep multiband imaging data collected by the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC)
Subaru Strategic Program survey. The quasars, HSC J121503.42−014858.7 (C1) and HSC J121503.55−014859.3
(C2), both have luminous (>1043 erg s−1
) Lyα emission with a clear broad component (full width at half
maximum >1000 km s−1
). The rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) absolute magnitudes are M1450 = − 23.106 ± 0.017
(C1) and −22.662 ± 0.024 (C2). Our crude estimates of the black hole masses provide log 8.1 0. ( ) M M BH = 3
in both sources. The two quasars are separated by 12 kpc in projected proper distance, bridged by a structure in the
rest-UV light suggesting that they are undergoing a merger. This pair is one of the most distant merging quasars
reported to date, providing crucial insight into galaxy and black hole build-up in the hierarchical structure
formation scenario. A companion paper will present the gas and dust properties captured by Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations, which provide additional evidence for and detailed measurements of
the merger, and also demonstrate that the two sources are not gravitationally lensed images of a single quasar.
Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Double quasars (406); Quasars (1319); Reionization (1383); High-redshift
galaxies (734); Active galactic nuclei (16); Galaxy mergers (608); Supermassive black holes (1663)
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I am the PhD scholar of FND department, Assam down town University
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