Directions: Using word processing software to save and submit your work, please answer the following short answer questions. All responses to questions should be one to two paragraphs, composed of five to seven sentences, in length. Your responses should include examples from the reading assignments. 1. Perhaps the most important artistic trend of the early twentieth century was labeled modernism. Summarize some of the principal tenets of modernism, and specify how these ideas influenced the development of the French Impressionism (or German Expressionist [Ch. 5] or Soviet Montage [Ch. 6]) movement in film. 2. What created the problems confronting French film production between 1918 and 1928? Identify the three primary factors as identified in the text, and summarize the effects of each of these causes. 3. The formal qualities of French Impressionism derived partly from the directors' beliefs about the cinema as an art form. What were these beliefs? Explain how the Impressionists' theories on the cinema translated to their films with regard to either cinematography or editing. 4. Why did French Impressionism decline as a unified filmmaking movement in the late 1920s? What was the role of pressures from both inside and outside the movement in this decline? 5. Compare the activities of the Soviet film industry during the War Communism period (1918-1920) and during the years of the New Economic Policy (1921-1924). What difficulties arose for the industry during War Communism, and how were these problems remedied or addressed by the New Economic Policy? 6. What were the objectives of Constructivism, and which of those aims were especially important to the development of the Montage movement in film? 7. How did the theories on filmmaking advanced by Lev Kuleshov, Dziga Vertov, and Sergei Eisenstein differ with regard to editing? 8. How was mise-en-scene used as an element of montage in the films of Soviet directors? Give examples of how mise-en-scene was typically employed in Montage films. 9. What is the difference between vertical integration and horizontal integration? 10. What were the factors behind the nickelodeon boom of the middle 1900s? What were the reasons for the nickelodeon's popularity—what advantages did this type of exhibition venue offer to both theater owner and patron? 11. In what ways did the motion picture industry in the late 1900s attempt to make films more prestigious and film going more respectable? What pressures were producers and exhibitors responding to? 12. How did the animated film develop during the early twentieth century? What types of animation techniques did the earliest animators use? Give examples of specific animators or from specific films. Compare the film industries in France and the Soviet Union during the Late Silent Era.  What economic, social, and political factors influenced film and cinema during this period in both countries? .

1. Directions: Using word processing software to save and submit
your work, please answer the following short answer questions.
All responses to questions should be one to two paragraphs,
composed of five to seven sentences, in length. Your responses
should include examples from the reading assignments.
1. Perhaps the most important artistic trend of the early
twentieth century was labeled modernism. Summarize some of
the principal tenets of modernism, and specify how these ideas
influenced the development of the French Impressionism (or
German Expressionist [Ch. 5] or Soviet Montage [Ch. 6])
movement in film.
2. What created the problems confronting French film
production between 1918 and 1928? Identify the three primary
factors as identified in the text, and summarize the effects of
each of these causes.
3. The formal qualities of French Impressionism derived
partly from the directors' beliefs about the cinema as an art
form. What were these beliefs? Explain how the
Impressionists' theories on the cinema translated to their films
with regard to either cinematography or editing.
4. Why did French Impressionism decline as a unified
filmmaking movement in the late 1920s? What was the role of
pressures from both inside and outside the movement in this
decline?
5. Compare the activities of the Soviet film industry during
the War Communism period (1918-1920) and during the years
of the New Economic Policy (1921-1924). What difficulties
arose for the industry during War Communism, and how were
these problems remedied or addressed by the New Economic

2. Policy?
6. What were the objectives of Constructivism, and which of
those aims were especially important to the development of the
Montage movement in film?
7. How did the theories on filmmaking advanced by Lev
Kuleshov, Dziga Vertov, and Sergei Eisenstein differ with
regard to editing?
8. How was mise-en-scene used as an element of montage in
the films of Soviet directors? Give examples of how mise-en-
scene was typically employed in Montage films.
9. What is the difference between vertical integration and
horizontal integration?
10. What were the factors behind the nickelodeon boom of the
middle 1900s? What were the reasons for the nickelodeon's
popularity—what advantages did this type of exhibition venue
offer to both theater owner and patron?
11. In what ways did the motion picture industry in the late
1900s attempt to make films more prestigious and film going
more respectable? What pressures were producers and
exhibitors responding to?
12. How did the animated film develop during the early
twentieth century? What types of animation techniques did the
earliest animators use? Give examples of specific animators or
from specific films.
Compare the film industries in France and the Soviet Union

3. during the Late Silent Era. What economic, social, and political
factors influenced film and cinema during this period in both
countries?