Definition & incidence of Hypertension
Classification of Hypertension
Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
Technique of Hypertension Measurement
White coat Hypertension
Type of Hypertension
Suspicion of secondary hypertension
Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
Why treatment is necessary
Life style modification
Drug treatment of Hypertension
Rationalae of combination
Hypertension management in special situation/ with complications
Indications of ARBs
Mechanism of action of ARBs
Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
Study on Telmisartan
Call Girl Lucknow Mallika 7001305949 Independent Escort Service Lucknow
Role of ARBs in management of Hypertension
1.
2. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with complications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.com
3. Case scenario
• Mr. J. K 35 years old business man
presented with headache , neck pain and
dizziness for last 15 days. He is smoker and
dyslipidemic. His B. P is 135/85 mm Hg on
both arms and pulse 104 b/min. What are
the management startagies?
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4. Considering points
• Stage of hypertension? 135/85 mm Hg
• 1. Role of life style modifications?
• 2. Role of diets ?
• 3. first line of antihypertensives?
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5. Case continued
• Pt was being treated with beta blockers
( Atenolol 50 mg once daily). After 10 days
patient came for follow-up. Now,
• Pulse-70 b/min
• BP- 130/85 mm Hg
• and he feels better but complained of
erectile dysfuntion.
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6. What should be the next management?
• Considering
• 1. symptoms decreased
• 2. BP not controlled yet
• 3. Erectile Dysfuntion
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7. • His drug beta blockers were stopped and
switched to calcium channel blockers
( Amlodipine 5 mg daily) and advised to
follow up after 15 days.
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8. During follow-up
• Pulse- 80 b /min
• BP- 125/75 mm Hg
• But patient now complained of ankle edema
• What should be the next plan?
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9. Considering points
• To control BP properly
• Ankle edema
• Shiftinng to another group of
drugs/cilnidipine
• Or add another drug to combat edema
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10. Options
• Switch to another groups
• Add on ACEi/ ARB
• Add on Diuretics
• Time of follow up
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.com
11. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
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13. Prevalence of Hypertension
• The prevalence of HTN varies considerably by country
• 20% in the USA, and 25–50% in different regions in
Europe.
• The exact prevalence of HTN in Bangladesh is not known.
• the prevalence of HTN was first reported in 1976, which
was 1.10%.
• prevalence of HTN is 17.9% in general, 18.5% in men and
17.3% in women. NCD 2010
• Hypertension is probably more common in elderly
population,
• in one study 65% in general, 75% in urban area, and 53%
in rural area. drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
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14. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
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16. *Individuals with SBP and DBP in 2 categories should be designated to the higher BP category. BP
indicates blood pressure (based on an average of ≥2 careful readings obtained on ≥2 occasions, as
detailed in DBP, diastolic blood pressure; and SBP systolic blood pressure.
BP Category SBP DBP
Normal <120 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg
Elevated 120–129 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg
Hypertension
Stage 1 130–139 mm Hg or 80–89 mm Hg
Stage 2 ≥140 mm Hg or ≥90 mm Hg
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17. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
20. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
22. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
23. ABPM indicates ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; and BP, blood pressure.
Office/Clinic/Healthcare
Setting
Home/Nonhealthcare/
ABPM Setting
Normotensive No hypertension No hypertension
Sustained
hypertension
Hypertension Hypertension
Masked
hypertension
No hypertension Hypertension
White coat
hypertension
Hypertension No hypertension
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25. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
27. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
30. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
33. EVOLUTION OF HYPERTENSIONEVOLUTION OF HYPERTENSION
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
JNC I
1977
JNC II
1980
JNC III
1984
JNC IV
1988
JNC V
1993
JNC VI
1997
JNC VII
2003
High Dose
diuretic
High Dose
diuretic
Lower
Dose
diuretic
Or
β-blocker
Lower
Dose
diuretic
Or
β-blocker
Or
ACEI
Or
CCB
Lower
Dose diuretic
Or
β-blocker
Or
ACEI
Or
CCB
α-blocker
Or
α / β blocker
• Individulised
Therapy
•Single-agent
titration preferred
•Loe-dose combo
therapy as a
secondary option
•Focus on
Systolic BP
Control
•Thiazide-
type diuretics
preferred as
initial drug
treatment
•Emphasis on
combination
therapy
High-dose Monotherapy Low-dose Combination
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34. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
38. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
40. Effects of Antihypertensive Drug Treatment onEffects of Antihypertensive Drug Treatment on
CV Mortality and MorbidityCV Mortality and Morbidity
Combined result from 17 randomized, placebo-controlled treatment trials; decreased in events-treated
compared to control
Arch Intern Med.1993;153: 578-581and JACC,1996; 27:121478
-52%
-38%
-35%
-25%
-16%
-60%
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
CHF Strokes
(fatal/nonfatal)
LVF CVD Deaths CVD events
(fatal/nonfatal
Management of HTNManagement of HTN
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
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41. 140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
50
40
30
20
10
0
Historical Lessons About HypertensionHistorical Lessons About Hypertension
Hypertension
Increases Morbidity
and Mortality
Men Women
CHDIncidenceRate/1000
personsperyear
THE FRAMINGHAM STUDY
Cumulativefatal&
NonfatalEndpoints
Treatment Decreases
Morbidity and
Mortality
Men Women Placebo Active
Treatment
THE VET.ADM. STUDY II
Ann Inter Med. 1961; 55:33-50 JAMA. 1970;213:1143-1152
Normotension
Hypertension
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42. Implication of reduction in Diastolic BP forImplication of reduction in Diastolic BP for
Primary PreventionPrimary Prevention
30
20
%Reduction
Change in DBP
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
7.5 mm Hg 5-6 mm Hg 2 mm Hg
-21
-46
-16
-38
-6
-15
CHD
Stroke
Cook, et al. Arch Int med. 1995; 155:711-109
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43. Millimeters Matter……Millimeters Matter……
“ A 2-mm Hg reduction in DBP would
result in…
a 6% reduction in the risk of CHD and a 15%
reduction
in the risk of stroke and TIAs”
Cook, et al. Arch Int med. 1995; 155:711-109 drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
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44. Benefits of Lowering BPBenefits of Lowering BP
Average percent
reduction
Stroke reduction 35-40%
Myocardial infarction 20-25%
Heart failure 50%
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45. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
48. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
52. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
53. Possible Combination ofPossible Combination of
Antihypertensive AgentsAntihypertensive Agents
Diuretics
Beta
Blocker
∝-Blocker
ACE inhibitor
CCBs
ARBs
EHS-ESC Guidelines, 2003;drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
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54. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
55. Hypertension management in special
situation/ with complications
HTN with Increased cardiovascular risk
HTN with Heart Failure
HTN with MI
HTN with Stroke
HTN with AF
HTN with DM
HTN with Diabetic nephropathy
HTN with Metabolic Syndrome
HTN with Hyperuricemia
HTN with Erectile dysfunction
HTN with TOD
HTN with Pregnancy
HTN in elderly
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56. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
63. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
65. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
92. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
93. FDA Recalls Some Valsartan Drugs Due to
Impurity
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
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94. • ARBs and Cancer Risk
• A meta-analysis published in Lancet Oncology
(2010)52 raised the possibility that angiotensin
receptor blockers (ARBs) might increase the risk of
malignancy. This generated a significant debate
until the publication of two further meta-
analyses,53,54 neither of which demonstrated an
increased risk of new cancer occurrence or cancer-
related death with the use of ARBs in patients with
hypertension, heart failure, and/or nephropathy.
Overall, the bulk of evidence today indicates that
ARBs are not associated with increased cancer risk,
as endorsed by the FDA.54 drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
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95. Scope of Discussion1. Case history
2. Definition & incidence of Hypertension
3. Classification of Hypertension
4. Diagnosis/ Confirmation of Hypertension
5. Technique of Hypertension Measurement
6. White coat Hypertension
7. Type of Hypertension
8. Suspicion of secondary hypertension
9. Management of Hypertension(Stage 1& 2)
10. Why treatment is necessary
11. Life style modification
12. Drug treatment of Hypertension
13. Rationalae of combination
14. Hypertension management in special situation/ with coplications
15. Indications of ARBs
16. Mechanism of action of ARBs
17. Comparison of different ARBs-pharmacology, efficacy
18. Safety of ARBs-Recall, Malignancy
19. Study on Telmisartan
drtoufiq19711@yahoo.co
m
Ambulatory BP Monitoring provides information about BP during daily activities and sleep. This monitoring correlates better than office measurements with target-organ injury.
What do we doctors or doctors base ourselves on when tackling hypertensive patients?