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Hindu basics
- 1. Hindu APOL 6543 Issues In Apologetics OKWU
- 2. Origin
- 5. Caste System • Brahmins- The intellectual class • Kshatriyas- The warrior class • Vaishyas- The trader class • Shudras- The service people.
- 6. Reincarnation • Kharma- • Moksha- “coming again into physical body” This cycle of rebirth continues until one achieves liberation from worldly bondage (moksha). At the liberated stage a soul becomes godly and reincarnation stops. The kind of body the soul enters into at death determined by one's actions (karma) in present life. A person's karma determines in what form he will reappear. He may come back in a higher (human) or lower (animal) life form. Good karma in the present life leads to a better next life and bad karma in the present life leads to a worst next life
- 7. Scriptures • Vedas- – Ramayana – Mahabharta • Both are told in epic form. the former being the oldest and the latter the largest of the epics. Both glorify the principles of the Vedas in a simple way. The celebrated Bhagavad-Gita is a part of the great epic, Mahabharata.
- 8. Vedas- • Rig- Veda • Sama-Veda • Yajur-Veda • Arthava-Veda • Upanishads- Reveal a shift to a more internal and speculative Religion with the introduction of reincarnation and the importance of Moksha
- 9. Brahma
- 10. Vishnu
- 11. Shiva
- 12. Rama
- 13. Krishna
- 14. Hinduism Simplified : Summary 5 Principles • God exists; One absolute, Om. One trinity: Brahma, Vishnu Mahesh. Several divine forms. • Divine nature of human beings • Oneness of existence through love • Harmony of all religions • Knowledge of 3 Gs : Ganga (sacred river), Gita (sacred script), Gayatri (sacred enchant)
- 15. 10 Disciplines (10 Commandments) • Satya (Truth) • Ahimsa (Non violence) • Brahmacharya (Celibacy, non adultery) • Asteya (Non stealing or desire to possess) • Aparigraha (Do not bribe or get corrupted by accepting gifts) • Shauch (Cleanliness) • Santosh (Contentment) • Swadhyaya (Reading of scriptures) • Tapas (Austerity, penance-practice) • Ishwarpranidhan (Regular prayers) Hinduism Simplified : Summary cont’d..
- 16. Worldview Questions • What is ultimate reality? • What is a human being? • What happens to a person at death? • How do we know anything at all? • How do we know what is right and wrong? • What is the meaning of history?
Editor's Notes
- Unlike the other religions of the world, Hindu dharma or Hinduism did not originate with any single prophet or at a particular period of human history. Its uniqueness lies in its being based on the super conscious experiences and spiritual realizations of a galaxy of saints, sages and seers, each of whom could claim prophethood. Built on such a firm foundation of spiritual experiences which are verifiable, the Hindu religious tradition has been flowing continuously like the river Ganga for several millennia. That is why Hindu dharma has been designated as Sanatana (perpetual) dharma
- Moenjodaro is planned in two parts: a citadel with public buildings and a lower city with residences along a grid of streets. Here is a video tour of four kilometers of Mohenjodaro.
- The caste system was an important part of the Hindu way of life. During the Vedic age a social classification system called Varnashrama was devised so that the human race could have a smooth and ordered life in society.
- The kind of body the soul enters into at death determined by one's actions (karma) in present life. A person's karma determines in what form he will reappear. He may come back in a higher (human) or lower (animal) life form. Good karma in the present life leads to a better next life and bad karma in the present life leads to a worst next life.
- Mahabharta- The worlds longest poem. Ramayana were composed about two thousand years ago… and their mythic tales have enchanted Hindu believers since.
- Brahma The creator god of the Trinity appears seated on a lotus (a symbol of glorious existence), He has four heads and hands. Each hand is holding a sacificial tool (sruva), the Vedas (knowledge), a water pot (kamandalu) and a rosary respectively. His ve hicle is a swan (hans) which is known for its judgment between good and bad.
- Vishnu The preserver god of the Trinity has four hands. The first holds a conch shell (sankha) indicating spread of the divine sound "Om"; one holds a discus (chakra), a reminder of the wheel of time, and to lead a good life; one holds a lotus (Padma) which is an example of glorious existence and the fourth hands holds a mace (gada) indicating the power and the punishing capacity of the Lord if discipline in life is ignored. His vehicle is the swift-flying bird Garuda which can spread the Vedic knowled ge with great courage. The dark color of the Lord represents the passive and formless ether, a great quality for a pervading god. He rests on the bed of the powerful, coiled serpent, Seshanag who represents the sleeping universe. Lord Vishnu is also known as Hari, the remover. He does not tolerate ego and is very peaceful. There are nine reincarnations of Vishnu and the last one is into the Buddha to remove suffering from the world.
- Shiva Lord Shiva appears in a meditating but ever-happy posture. He has matted hair which holds the flowing Ganges river and a crescent moon, a serpent coiled around his neck, a trident (trishul) in his one hand and ashes all over his body. The Lord's attri butes represent his victory over the demonic activity, and calmness of human nature. He is known as the"giver" god. His vehicle is a bull (symbol of happiness and strength) named Nandi. Shiva-Linga, a sign of the Lord, is adored instead of him. Sh iva temples have Shiva-Linga as the main deity.
- Rama Lord Rama is one of the most commonly adored gods of Hindus and is known as an ideal man and hero of the epic Ramayana. He is always holding a bow and arrow indicating his readiness to destroy evils. He is also called "Shri Ra ma". More commonly he is pictured in a family style, (Ram Parivar) with his wife Sita, brother Lakshmana and devotee Hanumana who is sitting near Lord Rama's feet.
- Krishna Because of his great godly power, Lord Krishna is another of the most commonly worshipped deities in the Hindu faith. He, like Lord Rama, is also known for his bravery in destroying evil powers throughout his life. The Lord is usually depictted as play ing the flute (murali), indicating spread of the melody of love to people. He is also shown with his childhood devotee and girl-companion Radha. The Lord is usually remembered and worshipped as Radha-Krishna. The pair symbolizes the etern al love between people and god. Lord Krishna is also shown with his pet cow, his childhood favorite. Lord Krishna performed many divine sports (leela) as a child. Krishna is the eight incarnation of lord Vishnu and was born in the Dvarpara Yuga as the "dark one". Krishna is the embodiment of love and divine joy, that destroys all pain and sin. Krishna is the protector of sacred utterances and cows. Krishna is a trickster and lover, an instigator of all forms of knowledge and born to establish the religion of love.
- [Author's Note : A one page of summary of Hindu beliefs and disciplines as Hinduism Simplified is attached at the end of the booklet for a quick reference. The ten disciplines (Yams and Niyams) of sage Patanjali have been likened to the ten commandments in the religious teachings of the West. This comparison has been used only to provide catchword for youth. As a matter of fact, Hinduism recommends, it does not command.] http://www.hindubooks.org/hinduism_simplified/