mangroves of Maharashtra

1. Dr. Ajit B. Telave
Tuljaram Chaturchand College of Arts, Science and
Commerce, Baramati, Dist. Pune
MANGROVES OF RAIGAD

2.  Mangroves are the important group of plants
growing in tidal and intertidal regions of tropical
and subtropical regions,
protecting the coastal areas of the world.

3.  They are considered as highly productive
ecosystems that provide a wide range of
valuable forest products, maintain estuarine
water quality and play vital role in the life cycle
of many fish and shellfish.
 They also play crucial role in holding soil and
silt and preventing erosion.

4. World: 90% are in developing countries.
In about 112 countries
 Old world mangroves: East Africa up to Red
Sea, across the Indian Ocean up to Australia,
Philippines, Japan and New Zealand
 New world mangroves: shores of America and
West Indies
Distribution

5. India:
 East and west coast of India
 East coast: Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh,
Orissa, West Bengal and extends from the
island
 West coast: Kerala, Karnataka, Goa,
Maharashtra and Gujarat
Distribution

6. 4460
6740
4871 4628 4500 4639
Nayak and
Bahuguna
(2001)
Krishnamurthy
et al., (1987)
Kathiresan and
Qasim (2005)
FSI (2013) Giri et al., (2014) Dhargalkar et
al., (2014)
India (Area in Sq.Km)

7. 124.59 118
209.17
186
Singh and Kartikeyan
(2000)
Kathiresan and Qasim
(2005)as per FSI report
(2001)
Bhosale (2005) FSI report (2013)
Maharashtra (Area in Sq. Km.)

8. 62
40.37 38
103.8
88.09
Kathiresan and
Qasim (2005)as
per FSI report
(2001)
Bhosale (2005) FSI report (2013) Present study
(2005)
Present study
(2015)
Raigad (Area in Sq. Km)

9. Creeks and estuaries of Raigad district
Site number Name of creek/estuary
Site 1 Uran creek
Site 2 Bhagwati estuary
Site 3 Dharamtar Creek
Site 4 Alibag creek
Site 5 Kundalika estuary
Site 6 Rajpuri creek
Site 7 Srivardhan creek
Site 8 Savitri estuary

11. Alibag Creekreek

14. Dharamtar Creek

20. Rajpuri Creek
Savitri Estaury
Google Earth Pro Images for 2005 and 2015

21. Uran Creek
Kundalika Estuary
Google Earth Pro Images for 2005 and 2015

22. Name of site Area in Sq.
Km (2005)
Area in Sq. Km
(2015)
Change in
area
Sq. Km (±)
Uran Creek 40.80 40.61 -0.19
Bhagwati estuary 1.41 1.98 +0.57
Dharamtar creek 11.00 6.7 - 4.3
Kundalika estuary 12.51 11.29 - 1.22
Srivardhan creek 4.83 4.10 - 0.73
Rajpuri Creek 22.83 13.84 - 8.99
Savitri estuary 10.5 9.57 - 0.93
Total 103.80 88.09 -15.79
Site wise area in different creeks and estuaries

23. Name of species Mumbai * Raigad Ratnagiri *
Rhizophora mucronata + + +
Rhizophora apiculata _ + +
Ceriops tagal. + + +
Bruguiera gymnorhiza _ + _
Bruguiera cylindrica + + _
Sonneratia apetala + + +
Sonneratia alba + + +
Avicennia marina + + +

24. Name of species Mumbai * Raigad Ratnagiri *
Avicennia officinalis + + +
Aegiceras corniculatum + + +
Acanthus illicifoilus + + +
Excoecaria agallocha + + +
Lumnitzera racemosa _ + +
Xylocarpus granatum _ + _
Cynometra iripa _ + _
Kandelia candel + _ +

31. The values and benefits of the Mangroves have been underestimated
and conversion become a most attractive alternate.
The mangroves providing provisioning, regulating and supporting
services:
Provisioning: Timber, fibers, fuel, fodder, food (fisheries), biochemical
products and freshwater
Regulating: climatic and hydrologic modulations, erosion control,
protection against natural hazards, soil formation and nutrient cycling.
Supporting: coastal fisheries, rooting for many birds, Feeding areas of
migratory birds, medicinal value
Values of the mangroves

32. Values of the mangroves
Ashy Prinia
Black Bittern
Black Winged
Brahminy kite
Common green
shank and Common
Black- headed Gull
Common Redshank

33. Values of the mangroves
Intermediate Egret Jungle Myna
Red-whiskered Bulbul
White Wagtail
White-throated Kingfisher
Little carmorant

34. Values of the mangroves
Clams and mussels

35. Values of the mangroves
Oysters (kalva)
Prawns
Oysters

36. Association
Assiciation of B. Gymnorhiza
with Dryneria and Ficus
Ganoderma on tree trunk of S. alba Trachypodiopsis blanda (Mitt.) Fleish.
Daedalia associted with Trachypodiopsis
blanda (Mitt.) Fleish. on trunk of S. alba

37. Association

38. Rhizophora Apiculata

39. Rhizophora mucronata

40. Bruguiera Gymnorhiza

41. Bruguiera Cylindrca

42. Ceriops tagal

43. Kandelia candel

44. Sonneratia apatala

45. Sonneratia alba

46. Avicennia marina

47. Aegiceras Corniculatum

48. Excoecaria agallocha

49. Acanthus Illicifolius

50. Xylocarpus granatum

51. Cynometra iripa

52. Adaptations

53. Adaptations

54. Adaptations

55. Degradation and destruction
Nature induced
Tropical storms
Tsunamis
Cyclones
Diseases
Biological pests and parasites
Grazing animals
Introduction of exotic species
Man made activities
Urbanization
Agriculture
Deforestation for reclamation
Aquaculture
Cutting for timber, fuel etc.
Oil pollution
War problem
Mining operation

56. Nearing extinction in 26 countries
Conservation of endangered species
Fragmentation of habitats
Likely lost in 100 years
Global loss rate – 1 million ha/yr.
Fishery loss
Livelihood
Biodiversity loss
Why restore?

57. The act of bringing an ecosystem back
into, as nearly as possible, its original
condition, renewing it or brining it back
into use.
restoration

58. Planting alone
Hydrologic restoration with and without
planting
Excavation or fill with and without planting
Types of restoration

59. The process of repairing damage
caused by humans to the diversity and
dynamics of the indigenous ecosystems
Ecological restoration

60. Judgment of need
An ecological approach
Goal setting and objective evaluation
Acknowledgment of limitations
Key steps of ecological restoration

61. Understand the autecology
Understand the normal hydrologic pattern
Assess the modifications
Design the restoration program
Utilize actual plating
steps of successful mangrove restoration

62. Photographs of Some Degraded Mangrove Sites

63. Photographs of Some Degraded Mangrove Sites

64. Photographs of Some Degraded Mangrove Sites

65. Restoration efforts

66. Mangrove environment

67. Mangrove environment

68. Mangrove environment
Fidder crab & Mud crab

69. Mangrove environment