Health & Safety At Water Treatment Plants
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This presentation was provided to the Plymouth County Water Works Association on May 11, 2017.
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Health & Safety At Water Treatment Plants
- 1. Health and Safety at Water Treatment Facilities David P. Horowitz, P.E., CSP (@dphorowitz)
- 3. ■ Why Do We Care? ■ Health & Safety – OSHA Top 10 ■ Globally Harmonized System – Changes – Implementation Dates ■ General Water Treatment Plant Hazards ■ Safe Chemical Handling – Typical treatment plant chemistries – Initial response activities – Tanks Agenda
- 4. Why do we care?
- 5. Why do we care?
- 6. Why do we care?
- 7. Safety Takeaways ■ Watch for common issues! ■ Watch your staff & contractors ■ Management of change – Safety Data Sheets
- 9. First .. A plug for DLS
- 10. Recent DLS Activity Written Warning And Order To Correct
- 11. Recent DLS Activity - Respirators Written Respiratory Protection Plan
- 12. Courtesy of Maine Department of Labor
- 13. Recent DLS Activity – Lo/To Provide Lo/To Program
- 14. Recent DLS Activity – Lo/To
- 15. Recent DLS Activity – PPE Conduct/Perform Hazard Assessment
- 20. ■ The most frequent injuries in water treatment facilities are: a. Cuts and bruises b. Explosive and toxic gases c. Slips and falls d. Strains and Sprains e. None of the above
- 21. OSHA’s Top Ten Most Cited
- 22. OSHA’s Top Ten Most Cited
- 23. #10 Electrical – Systems Design ■ Electrical design ■ Arc Flash (NFPA 70E) System specific evaluations ■ Proposed equipment ■ Existing equipment ■ PPE
- 24. #9 Machine Guarding ■ Engineered or structural fixes ■ Job Hazard Analysis (JHAs)
- 25. #8 Electrical - Wiring ■ Permanent ■ Temporary
- 26. #7 Ladders - CONSTRUCTION ■ Design considerations ■ Milestone Observation
- 28. #6 Lockout / Tagout ■ System specific evaluation ■ Comprehensive energy source understanding
- 29. #5 Powered Industrial Trucks ■ PIVs ■ Hoisting requirements
- 30. #4 Respiratory Protection ■ Engineer out, if possible ■ Written Plan ■ Baseline physical ■ Medical surveillance ■ Fit testing
- 31. #3 Scaffolding - CONSTRUCTIO N ■ Design considerations ■ Milestone Observation
- 32. #2 Hazard Communication ■ Globally Harmonized System ■ Risk Management Planning – Chlorine Gas = >2,500 Lbs
- 33. #1 Fall Protection - CONSTRUCTION ■ Design considerations ■ Milestone Observation
- 34. OSHA’s Top Ten Most Cited
- 35. ■ The most frequent safety hazard from the use of polymers is: A. Attack on many types of stainless steel B. Cause of severe burns and blindness C. Evolution of a toxic gas D. Extreme slipping hazard when spilled on surfaces E. The boss scrutinizing chemical costs
- 36. Global Harmonized System Major Changes ■ Training and implementation ■ Hazard classification ■ Labels and warnings ■ Standard Safety Data Sheets
- 40. ■ The goal of GHS ■ Label elements and GHS pictograms ■ Labeling components ■ Possible sources of confusion
- 41. What’s wrong with HAZCOM Too many systems Too many systems Too confusingToo confusing Too time consuming Too time consuming Too nationally focused Too nationally focused
- 42. What’s wrong with HAZCOM? Lots
- 48. Sometimes the Signs Are Obvious
- 49. Sometimes They Can Be Subject to Interpretation
- 50. Or need an interpreter
- 51. Or worse
- 52. Protect yourself
- 53. Protect others
- 54. Major Changes The Basics ■ Hazard classification ■ Labels and warnings ■ Standard Safety Data Sheets ■ Training and implementation
- 55. Effective Completion Date Requirement(s) Who December 1, 2013 Training •New Label Elements •Safety Data Sheets Employers June 1, 2015 Manufacturer full compliance HAZCOM plans updated Chemical Manufacturers Employers December 1, 2015 Distribution Prohibitions for non GHS labels Chemical Manufacturers, Importers and Distributors June 1, 2016 Updates to program and training based on new hazard classifications Employers
- 56. Physical Hazard Health Hazard
- 57. HAZARD TYPES ■ Physical – Unstable Chemicals (Water Reactive) – Flammables or Combustibles – Explosives – Stored at High Pressures – Thermal Effects ■ Health – Acute – Chronic – Latency Period
- 58. PHYSICAL HAZARDS ■ May Cause Injury by Physical Action ■ Burns: Flammables, Combustibles ■ Pressure: Compressed Gasses ■ Explosions: Explosives, Reactives
- 61. EXAMPLES: PHYSICAL HAZARDS ■ Flammable ■ Explosive ■ Oxidizer ■ Pyrophoric ■ Unstable (Reactive) ■ Water Reactive
- 62. EXPLOSIVE ■ Sudden Release Of: – Pressure – Gas – Heat ■ When Exposed To: – Sudden Shock – Pressure – High Temperature ■ BLEVE: Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
- 63. OXIDIZER ■ Reacts With Organic Material ■ Releases Oxygen ■ Promotes Combustion Sodium Hypochlorite Peracetic Acid Oxygen
- 64. UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) ■ Unwanted Chemical Change During Normal Handling ■ May Generate – Heat – Pressure – Polymerization ■ Can Create – Fires – Explosions
- 65. WATER REACTIVE ■ Presence of Water ■ Forms a Gas That Is: – Flammable or – Toxic
- 67. Possibility for Confusion? Flashpoint 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 NFPA / OSHA Flammable Combustible NFPA 704 Diamond 4 3 2 EPA / DOT Flammable Combustible GHS 1 or 2 3 4 Signal Word Danger Danger Warning Hazard Statement Extremely flammable liquid and vapor Highly flammable liquid and vapor Flammable liquid and vapor Combustible liquid Pictogram Nothing
- 69. Compressed Gasses ■ Injurious due to pressure Ethylene Oxide Oxygen
- 70. HEALTH HAZARDS ■ Acute – Immediate Effects ■ Chronic – Effects May Build Over Time – May Be Latency Before Recognized Effects ■ Latency Period – Period Between Exposure and Exposure Effects
- 71. OSHA Video - PELs
- 74. ACUTE EXPOSURE / EFFECTS ■ Example: Acids ■ Body Recognizes on Immediate Exposure ■ Can Get Prompt Medical Attention
- 75. CORROSIVE ■ A Hazardous Material That Causes Visible Destruction Of, or Irreversible Alteration in Living Tissue at the Site of Contact Sodium Hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite Peracetic AcidPeracetic Acid
- 76. Acutely Toxic – Low Hazard ■ Acutely – Effects are “immediate” ■ Toxic – Chemical that causes harmful effects – To target organ(s) – Effects are different depending on target organ ■ May be Systemic – Affects almost all target organs
- 77. Acutely Toxic – Low Hazard Isopropyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol DacarbazineDacarbazine GlutaraldehydeGlutaraldehyde AcetoneAcetone
- 78. Acutely Toxic - Irritant ■ A Hazardous Material That Causes a Reversible Inflammatory Effect on Living Tissue by Chemical Action at the Site of Contact Isopropyl alcohol
- 79. Acutely Toxic – Sensitizer ■ A Hazardous Material That Causes a Percentage of the Exposed Group to Develop an Allergic Reaction After Repeated Exposure Methyl methacrylate
- 80. Acutely Toxic – High Hazard ■ Acutely – Effects are “immediate” ■ Toxic – Chemical that causes harmful effects – To target organ(s) – Effects are different depending on target organ ■ High Hazards – Effects are significant – May be immediately life threatening Ammonia
- 81. Chronic Toxic Effects ■ Examples – Carcinogens – Teratogens – Reproductive toxins ■ Health effects – Vary with chemical – Affect target organ – May not show up for years after overexposure Dacarbazine Glutaraldehyde
- 83. Label Elements ■ Sodium hypochlorite
- 84. Label Elements
- 85. Label Elements
- 87. Safety Data Sheets ■ Prescriptive requirements ■ Sections must be consistent ■ Information dictated by GHS guidance
- 89. SDS Sections ■ Section 1, Identification ■ Section 2, Hazard(s) ■ Section 3, Composition/information ■ Section 4, First-aid measures ■ Section 5, Fire-fighting measures ■ Section 6, Accidental release measures ■ Section 7, Handling and storage ■ Section 8, Exposure controls/personal protection ■ Section 9, Physical and chemical properties ■ Section 10, Stability and reactivity ■ Section 11, Toxicological information ■ Section 12, Ecological information ■ Section 13, Disposal considerations ■ Section 14, Transport information ■ Section 15, Regulatory information ■ Section 16, Other information, includes the date of preparation or last revision.
- 90. What hasn’t changed ■ Exclusions and exemptions ■ Elements of the HAZCOM program ■ Training requirements ■ Secondary container labeling ■ Temporary container exclusion ■ Special labeling systems – NFPA 704 – HMIS
- 91. Effective Completion Date Requirement(s) Who December 1, 2013 Training •New Label Elements •Safety Data Sheets Employers June 1, 2015 Manufacturer full compliance HAZCOM plans updated Chemical Manufacturers Employers December 1, 2015 Distribution Prohibitions for non GHS labels Chemical Manufacturers, Importers and Distributors June 1, 2016 Updates to program and training based on new hazard classifications Employers
- 92. Conclusion ■ HAZCOM is adopting GHS ■ Broad applicability – everybody is “in” ■ Lots to do – Training on GHS elements – Plans and programs need to be revised – SDS need to be developed – New labels need to be designed and implemented
- 93. Safety Issues for Water Operators ■ Confined Space – Monitoring – Definition – PRCS – Procedures ■ Lockout/Tagout – Energy Control procedures – Locks & tags – Electrical exposure ■ Fire Safety/Extinguishers – A-comb; B-electrical; C-chemical – Safe storage of flammables ■ Safe Lifting – Sizing up the lift – Back braces – Two person lifts – Lifting aids (hoists) ■ Hazard Communication – Hazard types: physical/health – Health hazards: acute/chronic – NFPA 704/HMIS – MSDS ■ Chemical Safety Information – Caustics: corrosivity – Always add acid to water – Good ventilation
- 94. Safety Issues for Water Operators ■ Machine Guarding – Power transmission – Guards & blocks ■ Walking/Working Surfaces – Housekeeping – Oils – Caustics – Ice – Ladders – Fall safety ■ Chemical Monitoring – Instruments – O2 deficiency – Combustible gas indicator – H2S ■ PPE – Safety glasses: a must! – Gloves: compatible material – Respirators – Hearing protection – Eyewashes/Showers
- 95. Safety Issues for Water Operators ■ Emergency Preparedness – Emergency action plan – Take care of yourself first – Call postings – Evacuation procedures – Buddy system ■ Accident Prevention – Signs: caution, warning, danger – Labeling containers & tanks – Pipe colors
- 98. ■ Tank Trouble – Elk River, WV » 400,000 w/o water » January 10, 2014 – Laurens, SC » Mystery oil spill – Belgrade, Montana » Tank fire – Bryan, OH » Massive bird kill Storage Tank Update
- 99. Storage Tank Update ■ Typical Tank Uses – Fleet fueling – Facility heating – Generator fueling ■ Underground Tanks – USTs – Fuel tanks need operators ■ Aboveground Tanks – ASTs – Receiving scrutiny
- 100. Remote Spill Box/Fill Fuel Dispenser Fuel Pump Interstitial Leak Detection Spill Kit Normal Vent Labels
- 101. Dispenser Hose Bollards Secondary Tank Emergency Vent Primary Tank Emergency Vent Mechanical Gauge Preventive Limiting Barrier Concrete Pad 1.5-inches Nut
- 103. Ideal Installation – Generator Tank
- 104. Questions David P. Horowitz, P.E., CSP Tighe & Bond 53 Southampton Rd. Westfield, MA 01085 413.572.3211 dphorowitz@tighebond.com Tighe & Bond 177 Corporate Drive Portsmouth, NH 03801 603-433-8818 l 446 Main Street Worcester, MA 01605 508-754-2201 l 4 Barlows Landing Road, Unit #18 Pocasset, MA 02559 508-564-7285 l 213 Court Street, Suite 900 Middletown, CT 06457 860-704-4760 l 1000 Bridgeport Avenue Shelton, CT 06484 203-712-1100 l 62 E Market St Red Hook, NY 12571 845-835-8080
Editor's Notes
- Example for physical Hazard Classification scheme
- Different than the Kyoto protocol in that the allowances aren’t free. Approximately generators 230 in 10-state region; 30 in MA, 15 in CT RGGI is started in the absence of an acceptable national climate policy
- Different than the Kyoto protocol in that the allowances aren’t free. Approximately generators 230 in 10-state region; 30 in MA, 15 in CT RGGI is started in the absence of an acceptable national climate policy
- Different than the Kyoto protocol in that the allowances aren’t free. Approximately generators 230 in 10-state region; 30 in MA, 15 in CT RGGI is started in the absence of an acceptable national climate policy
- Different than the Kyoto protocol in that the allowances aren’t free. Approximately generators 230 in 10-state region; 30 in MA, 15 in CT RGGI is started in the absence of an acceptable national climate policy