it has solution problems etc

1. Water

2. Introduction
Water is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the
major constituent of the fluids of living things. As a chemical compound , a water
molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms that are connected by covalent
bonds . Water is a liquid at standard ambient temperature and pressure , but it often co-exists
on Earth with its solid state, ice ; and gaseous state,steam (water vapor ).
Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life .
On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7%
in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water
bodies, and 0.001% in the air as , vapor clouds (formed of solid and liquid water particles
suspended in air), and precipitation .[Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is freshwater , and 98.8%
of that water is in ice and groundwater . Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and
the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained
within biological bodies and manufactured products.

3. facts
If the entire world’s water were fit into a 4 litre jug, the fresh water
available for us would equal only about one tablespoon.
It takes 200,000,000 litres per second to grow food for the planet.
Human blood is 83% water .
 Over 90% of the world’s supply of fresh water is located in Antarctica.
70% of the Earth is covered with water but only about 1% of the
world’s water is readily available for human use. Nearly 97% is salty or
otherwise undrinkable. Another 2% is locked in the ice caps and glaciers.
If the entire adult population of England and Wales remembered to turn off
the tap when they were brushing their teeth, we could save 180 mega litres a
day - enough to supply nearly 500,000 homes and fill 180 Olympic swimming
pools! (One Olympic sized pool is 1 million litres / 1Ml)

4. facts
While most people know that water boils at 100 °C (212 °F), this is at the normal conditions
of sea level. The boiling point of water actually changes relative to the barometric pressure.
For example, water boils at just 68 °C (154 °F) on the top of Mount Everest while water deep
in the ocean near geothermal vents can remain in liquid form at temperatures much higher
than 100 °C (212 °F).
Water expands as it cools from 4 °C to 0 °C (above 4 °C it does the opposite). In freezing
conditions, water has been known to burst water pipes as it freezes to ice.
Water can move up narrow tubes against the force of gravity in what is known as capillary
action. Check out this capillary action experiment for more.
Most people around the world have access to clean drinking water but it is a major problem
in poorer areas of the world. Water pollution and low quality water can lead to dangerous
bacteria, disease and viruses such as E coli and Cryptosporidium.
Drinking water is needed for humans to avoid dehydration, the amount you need each day
depends on the temperature, how much activity you are involved in and other factors.
An important use for water is in agricultural irrigation, this is when water is artificially
added to soil in order to assist the growth of crops.

12. There are several principal manifestations of the water crisis.
Inadequate access to safe drinking water for about 884 million
people
Inadequate access to water for sanitation and waste disposal for
2.5 billion people
Groundwater over drafting (excessive use) leading to
diminished agricultural yields
Overuse and pollution of water resources harming biodiversity

13. Waterborne diseases and the absence of sanitary domestic
water are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. For
children under age five, waterborne diseases are the leading
cause of death. At any given time, half of the world's hospital
beds are occupied by patients suffering from waterborne
diseases . According to the World Bank , 88 percent of all
waterborne diseases are caused by unsafe drinking water,
inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.

14. Vegetation and wildlife are fundamentally dependent upon adequate
freshwater resources. Marshes, bogs and riparian zones are more
obviously dependent upon sustainable water supply, but forests and
other upland ecosystems are equally at risk of significant productivity
changes as water availability is diminished. In the case of wetlands,
considerable area has been simply taken from wildlife use to feed and
house the expanding human population.

15. Economic water scarcity is caused by a lack of investment in
infrastructure or technology to draw water from rivers, aquifers or other
water sources, or insufficient human capacity to satisfy the demand for
water. One quarter of the world's population is affected by economic
water scarcity. Symptoms of economic water scarcity include a lack of
infrastructure, causing the people without reliable access to water to
have to travel long distances in or fetch water, that is often
contaminated from rivers for domestic and agricultural uses.

16. Some industrial facilities generate ordinary domestic sewage that can be
treated by municipal facilities. Industries that generate waste water with
high concentrations of conventional pollutants (e.g. oil and grease), toxic
pollutants (e.g. heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) or other non
conventional pollutants such as ammonia, need specialized treatment
systems. Some of these facilities can install a pre-treatment system to
remove the toxic components, and then send the partially treated waste
water to the municipal system.

19. NEW DELHI: Aligning its ambitious clean Ganga mission with the goal of
overall development of the river, the government has formally transferred
its nodal agency — National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) —
from environment ministry to water resources ministry.
Besides, mission directorate of the 'National Mission for clean Ganga' and
other related matters have also been transferred from the environment
ministry to the water resources.
These transfers are in tune with the government's recent move to expand
the role of the water resources ministry by adding 'Ganga rejuvenation' and
'river development' in it. The ministry had got new nomenclature with these
additions when Prime Minister Narendra Modi's cabinet was formed in May.
"All issues related to conservation, development, management and
abatement of pollution in river Ganga and its tributaries will also be looked
after by the ministry of water resources, river development and Ganga
rejuvenation", said an official statement on Monday.
Earlier, these tasks were the responsibilities of the environment ministry
which was also the administrative ministry of the NGRBA

20. The NGRBA was constituted in February, 2009 when the then UPA-II
government had given Ganga the status of a 'national river'. The Authority
is a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating body of the centre and
the states.
The objective of the NGRBA is to ensure effective abatement of pollution
and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for
comprehensive planning and management The Authority has both
regulatory and developmental functions.
Since its inception, 76 schemes (70 infrastructure investment, 5 institutional
development and one relating to implementation support) have been
sanctioned by the Authority. These schemes are being implemented in 48
towns along the river in different states at a total cost of over Rs 5004 crore

23. Water scarcity is a real
problem, with manageable
solutions

25. Solutions to the Global
Water Crisis:
Here are ten keys to addressing the global water crisis from the Forum:
1. Build partnerships
2. Include farmers
3. Include communities, especially women
4. Measure water
5. Put a realistic price on water
6. Waste less food:
7. Integrate water into trade policy
8. Upgrade the infrastructure -- and ASAP
9. Choose your words carefully
10. Protect the poor

26. THANKS FOR WATCHING
MADE BY :
Harshpriya kaur
Kritika Mohan
Mehak Gupta
Diksha Beniwal
Shreya Jhori