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Motivated by
Christian faith and
a desire for profit
Europeans want to
explore distant
lands. Caravel, a small, light ship with
triangular sails.
2. 3 Reasons Europeans Seek New Trade Routes
God Expand Christian religions
– mainly Catholic
Glory increase patriotism and
popularity
Gold find new sources of wealth
3. Technology Makes Exploration Possible
• In 1400s, the caravel makes it possible to sail
against wind
caravel = ocean going ship with
triangular sails
• Astrolabe = use sun & stars for navigation
• Magnetic compass - improves tracking of direction
4. The Portuguese Explore Africa
• Prince Henry (the Navigator) supports exploration
starts navigation school
• have trading posts along west coast of Africa
1488, Bartholomew Diaz sails around southern tip of Africa
5.
6. A Rival Power - SPAIN
• In 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for Spain
• Convinces Spanish to support plan to reach Asia
by sailing west
• Reaches the Americas instead
• Opens Americas to exploration and colonization
• In 1493, pope divides these lands between Spain
and Portugal – Line of Demarcation
• Agreement formalized by Treaty of Tordesillas
in 1494
7. Back to Portugal
• Portugal sends an emissary to east coast of
Africa to set up friendly relations
• In 1498, Vasco da Gama sails to India
• In 1499, da Gama returns to Portugal with
valuable cargo
8. Portugal’s Trading Empire
• In 1509, Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over
Indian Ocean trade
• In 1510, Portugal captures Goa, port city in
western India
• In 1511, Portugal seizes Malacca, on Malay
Peninsula
• These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian
trade through the Mediterranean Sea
9. Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese
• English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in
17th century
• Dutch have more ships (20,000) than any other
nation in 1600
• Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of
Asian trade
• Dutch then overpower English
• Form Dutch East India Company for Asian
trade
10. continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
European Trade Outposts
• In 1619, Dutch set up trade headquarters at
Batavia, on Java
• Dutch also control southern tip of Africa
• Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows making
Amsterdam (Dutch capital) a wealthy city
• England’s East India Company & France gain
strength in India
14. Spain Also Makes Claims
A Rival Power - SPAIN
• In 1492, Christopher Columbus sails for Spain
• Convinces Spanish to support plan to reach Asia
by sailing west
• Reaches the Americas instead
• Opens Americas to exploration and colonization
• In 1493, pope divides these lands between Spain
and Portugal – Line of Demarcation
• Agreement formalized by Treaty of Tordesillas
in 1494
15. Back to Portugal
• Portugal sends an emissary to east coast of
Africa to set up friendly relations
• In 1498, Vasco da Gama sails to India
• In 1499, da Gama returns to Portugal with
valuable cargo
16. Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Portugal’s Trading Empire
• In 1509, Portugal defeats Muslims, takes over
Indian Ocean trade
• In 1510, Portugal captures Goa, port city in
western India
• In 1511, Portugal seizes Malacca, on Malay
Peninsula
• These gains break Muslim-Italian hold on Asian
trade through the Mediterranean Sea
17. continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
Other Nations Challenge the Portuguese
• English and Dutch begin moving into Asia in
17th century
• Dutch have more ships (20,000) than any other
nation in 1600
• Dutch and English weaken Portuguese control of
Asian trade
• Dutch then overpower English
• Form Dutch East India Company for Asian
trade
18. continued Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
European Trade Outposts
• In 1619, Dutch set up trade headquarters at
Batavia, on Java
• Dutch also control southern tip of Africa
• Throughout 1600s, Dutch trade grows making
Amsterdam (Dutch capital) a wealthy city
• England’s East India Company & France gain
strength in India
