2nd Semester Review

1. 1. The Greek/Latin root “tract” means… C. drag, pull

2. 2. The Greek/Latin root “vinc” means… D. conquer

3. 3. The Greek/Latin root “manu” means… A. hand

4. 4. The Greek/Latin root “vor” means… B. eat

5. 5. The Greek/Latin root “ver” means… B. truth

6. 6. The Greek/Latin root “vert” means… C. turn

7. 7. reasons for/against something, a position/opinion that is supported in a piece of persuasive writing/speech A. argument

8. 8. central argument structure that compares two similar things/events and expects the reader/listener to conclude that since they are alike in some ways they are alike in other ways too B. analogy

9. 9. central argument structure that says A is caused by B, or A will cause B D. cause/effect

10. 10. central argument structure that assumes if a trustworthy, prestigious or famous source says it, it must be true C. authority

11. 11. central argument structure that tries to convince the reader/listener by presenting a position over and over, or saying the same thing in different ways C. repetition

12. 12. central argument structure that asks the reader/listener to believe that if the writer/speaker has objective data or facts his/her position must be true A. example/statistics

13. 13. an argument that is not sound (based on truth or fact) but may still be convincing A. rhetorical fallacy

14. 14. getting the audience to think/do something by convincing them that it is morally right, that they have a responsibility to think/do it, or by holding the speaker/writer up as an authority or character example B. ethos

15. 15. Asks the audience to agree with the writer/speaker, despite a lack of supporting evidence, simply based on their credentials or character even if he/she is not qualified as an authority on this subject A. false authority

16. 16. Questioning someone’s character based on the people they have relationships with, such as friends, family, etc. D. guilt by association

17. 17. Asserting that the writer’s/speaker’s beliefs are the only acceptable ones A. dogmatism

18. 18. Associating minor issues with much more serious issues C. moral equivalence

19. 19. attacking the character of the proponent of the position in order to distract from the argument B. ad hominem

20. 20. a person misrepresents an opposing view in order to make it easier to dispute B. straw man

21. 21. giving data and facts to convince the audience to think/do what you want them to D. logos

22. 22. Drawing conclusions based on very little evidence A. hasty generalization

23. 23. Confuses chronology with cause/effect C. post hoc

24. 24. A statement that does not logically relate to what comes before it (“it does not follow”) A. non sequitur

25. 25. Using a half-truth, not the full truth, in order to mislead the audience D. equivocation

26. 26. Rhetorical fallacy in which the speaker/writer repeats their position in multiple ways (“begging the question”) B. circular argument

27. 27. An inaccurate/misleading comparison between two things A. faulty analogy

28. 28. Presenting support for only one side of an argument B. stacked evidence

29. 29. stirring up strong feelings in order to get the audience to think/do something A. pathos

30. 30. Distracting the audience from the real issue by bringing up another issue C. red herring

31. 31. Frightening the audience into agreeing with a position by saying that there will be horrible consequences for disagreeing B. scare tactic

32. 32. Suggestion that one thing will lead to another and eventually it will lead to something disastrous (similar to scare tactic but with multiple steps) D. slippery slope

33. 33. Encouraging the audience to agree with a position by leading them to believe that “everyone else is doing it” A. bandwagon

34. 34. Reducing complicated issues to only two possible courses of action B. either/or choice

35. 35. Arguments that create an unnecessary desire for something A. false need

36. 36. America’s future also depends on our willingness to lead in the world. The momentum of freedom in our time is strong, but we still face serious dangers. Al Qaida is wounded but not broken. Terrorists continue to attack in Afghanistan and Iraq. Regimes in North Korea and Iran are challenging the peace.This quote from George Bush’s speech contains an example of which of the following rhetorical fallacies? C. scare tactic

37. 37. If America shows weakness or uncertainty in this decade, the world will drift toward tragedy.This quote from George Bush’s speech contains an example of which of the following rhetorical fallacies? C. slippery slope

38. 38. We mourn the dead and vow never to forget their sacrifice. I thank the families—the wives and the husbands, the moms and the dads, and the sons and daughters—of those whose loved one is overseas serving our Nation.This quote from George Bush’s speech contains an example of which of the following appeals? C. pathos

39. 39. Iraq only last year was controlled by a dictator who threatened the civilized world. He had used weapons of mass destruction on his own people. For decades he tortured and tormented the people of Iraq. This quote from George Bush’s speech contains an example of which of the following rhetorical fallacies? A. ad hominem

40. 40. Because we acted, America is more secure. Because we acted, Iraq is free and a sovereign nation. And because we acted, the dictator is now in a prison cell and will receive the justice he denied so manyfor so long.This quote from George Bush’s speech demonstrates the central argument structure of his speech which was… D. cause and effect

41. 41. My most solemn duty is the security of American families. It’s my solemn obligation.This quote from George Bush’s speech contains an example of which of the following appeals? A. ethos

42. 42. Because of this president’s wrong choices, we’re spending $200 billion in Iraq while the costs of health care have gone through the roof and we’re told we don’t have the resources to make health care affordable and available for all Americans. Today, 45 million Americans have no health insurance at all— 5 million more than the day George W. Bush took office. This quote from John Kerry’s speech contains an example of which of the following appeals? B. logos

43. 43. … sons and daughters, husbands and wives, brothers and sisters who will never come home to live the lives they dreamed of. This quote from John Kerry’s speech contains an example of which of the following appeals? C. pathos

44. 44. We honor them, we pray for them and for their families, and we owe it to their memory and all our troops to do what’s right in Iraq. This quote from John Kerry’s speech contains an example of which of the following appeals? A. ethos

45. 45. Because of this president’s wrong choices, we’re spending $200 billion in Iraq while we’re told that we can’t afford to do everything that we should for homeland security. I believe it’s wrong to be opening firehouses in Baghdad and closing them down in the United States of America. It’s wrong to cut money for our first responders. It’s wrong to let 95% of the cargo that comes into this country get by without ever being physically inspected. That’s the wrong choice; that’s the wrong direction; and that’s the wrong leadership for America. This quote from John Kerry’s speech demonstrates the central argument structure of his speech which was… B. repetition

46. 46. Media that reaches a lot of people simultaneously (ie. television, film, DVD’s, radio, Cd’s) is called _______ media. A. Mass

47. 47. Newspapers, magazines, books are examples of which type of media? B. Print

48. 48. Internet including websites & cell phone communication including text messages are examples of which type of media? C. Digital

49. 49. a message that uses visuals, body language, etc. to communicate inferred meaning rather than saying what is meant C. Implicit message

50. 50. a message that is very clear, directly stated A. Explicit message

51. 51. dictionary definition of a word D. denotation

52. 52. a meaning, association or emotion suggested by a word D. connotation

53. 53. The person/people for whom the message is intended B. audience

54. 54. method of persuasion using things that make you go “awww!” C. warm and fuzzy

55. 55. persuading the reader/listener by presenting images of average people using the product, “people just like me”, to develop trust and association D. plain folk

56. 56. persuading through association of the product/idea with a person, animal or object that has positive connotations B. mascot

57. 57. Persuasion through the repetition of a catchy phrase associated with a product or idea A. slogan

58. 58. A statement in support of a particular position or product; a recommendation D. testimonial

59. 59. persuading the reader by the testimony of someone very knowledgeable on the subject or a popular person B. appeal to authority/celebrity

60. 60. Being persuaded because others are thinking/doing something A. bandwagon

61. 61. Persuasion by associating a product/idea with an image that is considered tough or masculine C. machismo

62. 62. The suggestion that using a product or agreeing with a belief will put the reader/listener/viewer “ahead of the times”, make him/her a trendsetter, etc. “Be the first on your block to…!” D. avantegarde

63. 63. Persuading through the use of vague, flattering statements, hyperbole, or promises without factual support A. glittering generalities

64. 64. Persuading through the use of superlatives such as “better”, “larger”, “faster”, etc. A. ER words

65. 65. Persuasion through the use of words that create a strong reaction in the reader/listener D. loaded words

66. 66. Persuading through the use of data, studies, facts, etc. C. scientific evidence

67. 67. Persuading by asking leading questions that are all designed to influence your answer to a question related to the product or idea being advertised B. rhetorical questions

68. 68. Mentioning only the positives but not the negatives associated with a product/idea D. card stacking

69. 69. Enthusiastic or energetic statement presented as a fact even though it is false or an opinion B. assertion

70. 70. Giving the reader/listener something desirable in exchange for purchasing a product B. bribery

71. 71. This ad is an example of which persuasive technique? B. bribery

72. 72. This ad is an example of which persuasive technique? D. scientific evidence

73. 73. This ad is an example of which persuasive technique? A. warm and fuzzy

74. 74. This ad is an example of which persuasive technique? D. plain folk

75. 75. Not giving credit is ____?___ and it is not only dishonest, but also illegal! B. plagiarism

76. 76. When evaluating the reliability of a website you need to determine if it is… D. authoritative, current, reliable, relevant

77. 77. A .com, .net, or .biz domain means the site is… B. a commercial site intended to make money

78. 78. A .org domain means the site is… C. a non-commercial organization such as a charity

79. 79. An .edu domain means the site is… A. a school or university

80. 80. If the author of a website is not identified look for the ___?___ link. B. about us/me

81. 81. Commands to help you search more efficiently online D. Boolean operators

82. 82. + Before a word = __? A. Only show sites with this word in them.

83. 83. - Before a word = __? C. Do not show sites with this word in them.

84. 84. “Words in quotes” = ___? B. Only show sites with this exact phrase in them.

85. 85. - Before “Words in quotes” = ___? D. Do not show sites with this exact phrase in them.

86. 86. Supports set in the ground at each end of a bridge B. abutments

87. 87. Supports of a bridge in between the abutments A. piers

88. 88. The horizontal surface that cars and people will travel across C. deck

89. 89. A semicircular bridge that can span up to 1,700 ft., three kinds are deck, half and through B. arch bridge

90. 90. Simplest kind of bridge consisting of one horizontal deck with supports at either end, can span 250 – 1,000ft., the three kinds are girder, truss, and cantilever A. beam bridge

91. 91. bridge that carries the force of the deck through cables to the tops of the towers which transmit the force to the ground, can span up to 7,000ft., two types are suspension and cable-stayed C. tension bridge

92. 92. The protagonist in The Wednesday Wars is… A. Holling Hoodhood

93. 93. The main antagonist in The Wednesday Wars is… C. Mrs. Baker

94. 94. Which of the following is NOT an antagonist in a minor conflict in The Wednesday Wars? D. Mrs. Hoodhood

95. 95. Which of the following is NOT an antagonist in a minor conflict in The Wednesday Wars? C. Joe Pepitone and Horace Clark

96. 96. The main conflict in The Wednesday Wars is… A. Holling vs. Mrs. Baker because he thinks she hates him

97. 97. Which of the following is an underlying conflict in The Wednesday Wars? B. Should Holling become an architect the way his father wants or decide for himself?

98. 98. Which of the following is NOT alluded to in the title of The Wednesday Wars? D. Holling walking home from school with his sister on Wednesdays

99. 99. Which of the following is NOT alluded to in the title of The Wednesday Wars? B. Holling and Meryl Lee going on a date

100. 100. The main setting of The Wednesday Wars is… C. Camillo Junior High, 1967

101. 101. The climax of The Wednesday Wars is… A. when Mrs. Baker takes Holling to opening day at Yankee Stadium

102. 102. The resolution of The Wednesday Wars is… A. Mrs. Baker and Holling grow to care for each other.

103. 103. The main theme of The Wednesday Wars is… A. We all have our own identity which is not always what the world sees or what others expect.