1. Workshop on public transport terminals and support facilities
Thinking Infrastructure for Public Transport
Bangalore
Feb 16, 2012
Amit Bhatt
Strategy Head - Urban Transport

2. A successful urban transport system involves…
Low travel times and travel
costs for people and goods
Equal access to urban life
opportunities (social
services, education, health,
recreation)
Adequate support to desired
form, size and density of the
London, England
city-region
Limited impact on the
environment: air/noise
pollution; CO2 emissions
Reduced impact on public
health: fatalities and injuries
from traffic accidents
London, England

3. Slides developed originally by Dario Hidalgo
City population increases…
This implies a huge challenge as
Source: United Nations Population Division, World
Urbanization Prospects, The 2005 Revision

4. Urban population in India is expected to
double in a 30 year period
900 820
800 Projected 700
700
Population (Millions)
583
600
473
500
372
400 285
300 217
159
200 109
62.4 78.9
100
0
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051
Source: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable
Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting,
Washington D.C. January 2008

5. and also…
Number of vehicles increases faster than population following
economic development
Slides developed originally by Dario Hidalgo
Source: Lee Schipper, University of California at Berkeley, 2009

6. The number of motor vehicles is growing twice as fast as
the population in India – mainly two wheelers (71%)
80
Thousands
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2004
Total M2W Cars Buses Goods
Source: O.P. Agarwal and S. Zimmerman “Towards Sustainable
Mobility in Urban India”, Presented in the Annual TRB Meeting,
Washington D.C. January 2008

7. However, Financial, institutional, physical resources
are constrained

8. ¿What to do?
Alternative 1:
Capital intensive solutions
Give greater capacity to the road
network to relieve congestion
Build massive rail transport
systems (light rail- metro)
Alternative 2:
Change paradigms
Give priority to non motorised
transport and bus-based public
transport
Restrict indiscriminate automobile
use

9. Capital & Land
intensive solutions:
highways

10. Infrastructure solutions lead to greater automobile
dependence
Automobile dependence and Regional Economy
Regional GDP per person
US Cities
(USD 1990)
Automobile Use (Km/year per person)
Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL
CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter,
World Bank, 1997

11. Automobile dependent cities have more
accidents
Cities of United States have 66% more deaths in traffic accidents
per person than peer cities in Europe and Asia, and 123% more
than Toronto
Road Safety
Accidentalidad
25.0
Muertes en Accidente de
Australia
Accidents per 100,000
Tránsito por 100, 000
20.0
Fatalities in Road
population (1990)
US Cities
EEUU
R2 = 0.5748
Habitantes
15.0 Toronto
Europa
10.0 Asia
5.0
Tendencia
0.0
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
Uso de Automóvil (Km(Km/year per person)
Automobile Use por año por Persona)
Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37
GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman
and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997

12. Automobile dependent cities have low densities
(occupy large extensions)
250
América Latina R2 = 0.4278
Persons/Hectare (1995)
Personas/Hectárea (1995)
200
China Asia Alto Ingreso
150
Medio Oriente
100
Asia Ingreso Bajo
Africa
50
Europa Or. Europa Occ.
USA
Canadá AU-NZ
0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
AutomobileCarro/Persona/Año (1995)
Km Use (Km/year per person 1995)
Source: J. Kenworthy "Transport and Energy Use: A Study of 84 Global
Cities", 2003

13. Alternative Solutions
for Sustainable Urban
Transport
Pedestrian and
Bicycles
Public Transportation
Disincentives to Car
Use
Cleaner and Cooler
Fuels and Vehicles
Transit Oriented
Development
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/images/sidewalks/ps_rendering01.JPG

14. Public Transport - Bus Systems
High quality
User oriented
Fast
Reliable
Low cost Leeds, UK
Curitiba Sao Paulo

15. Bus Karo
Bus Karo – Guidebook on
bus operations and planning
Technical workshops for
50+ cities
Direct Mentoring | Pilot
Projects for 10+ cities
Support to Ministry of Urban
Development for 2nd round
of bus procurement

16. Bus Karo Plus
Outcome
By 2016, 20+ Indian Cities have more than 40% of
motorized travel in public transport
Bus Karo Plus
Talking Transit Mentoring Learning Transit
• Capacity Building Transit • Bus Karo
Workshop • Helping - pilot • Case studies,
• Study Tours Initiatives Databases
• Technical support • Best practices

17. Travel
Source: Oren Tatcher

18. Support Infrastructure for Public
Transport
Depots
Stops
Pickup Points
Terminals
Interchanges

19. EMBARQ’s mission is to catalyze and help implement
environmentally and financially sustainable transport solutions
to improve quality of life in cities

20. Thank you!
Global Strategic Partners
Bloomberg Philanthropies
FedEx
The British High Commission
email: abhatt@embarqindia.org
web: EMBARQ.ORG
blog: THECITYFIX.COM