Form-Oriented Analysis
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All figures from the book: Dirk Draheim, Gerald Weber. Form-Oriented Analysis - A New Methodology to Model Form-Based Applications, Springer, 2005
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Form-Oriented Analysis
- 1. Dirk Draheim, Gerald Weber Form-Oriented Analysis A New Methodology to Model Form-Based Applications Figures Springer, 2004.
- 2. Fig.2.1. Example pages of the online bookshop – Part I Welcome Page My Shopping Cart Logout Book Quantity Price Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Delete Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Delete Varela: The Embodied Mind 2 44.68 Delete Adams: Watership Down 7 62.30 Delete Update Buy items Search for a book: in cart Search Springer Verlag 2004
- 3. Fig.2.1. Example pages of the online bookshop – Part II Customer Registration Welcome Page E-mail Address: Full Name: Password: Repeat Pwd: Street Address: City: Register State: ZIP: Country: Card Type Credit Card No. WhateverCard Expiration Date Cardholder 01 2006 Springer Verlag 2004
- 4. Fig. 2.2. Examples of ultra-thin client based submit/response style systems HTTP GET hypertext/dir/index.html HTTP/1.0 Web Browser CGI Presentation ....<head> <title> Dummy </title></head>.... Layer Application Server PC-Memory Database PC 3270 Data Stream AID Cursor Address Data..... Application Program 3270 Terminal Command Cursor Address Data..... TP-Monitor Device Buffer Disk Disk Mainframe Springer Verlag 2004
- 5. Fig. 2.3. SAP R/3 architecture - a client/server submit/response style system screen program ABAP/4 GUI PBO input template PAI PBO input template PAI ABAP/4 Interpreter PBO input template PAI module pool TRPC Application Server process before output transactional remote process after input procedure call Database Springer Verlag 2004
- 6. Fig. 2.4. Example formchart for a system login capability LoginLink Welcome Login LoginForm WelcomeLink Springer Verlag 2004
- 7. Fig.3.1. Welcome screen of the online bookshop Welcome to Our Online Bookstore ! You can choose: Browse the bookstore View Cart Login Register as a new customer Our recommendations: • Richard Adams. Watership Down. view details • Niccolo Machiavelli. Discourses. view details • Willard Quine. Word and Object. view details Search for a book: Search Springer Verlag 2004
- 8. Fig.3.2. Login screen of the online bookshop Login Welcome Page An error occurred. The password that you provided did not match your e-mail address. Please try to log in again or register as a new customer. Your e-mail address: Login Your password: Register as a new customer Springer Verlag 2004
- 9. Fig.3.3. Registration screen of the online bookshop Customer Registration Welcome Page E-mail Address: Full Name: Password: Repeat Password: Street Address: City: Register State: ZIP: Country: Card Type Credit Card No. Expiration Date Cardholder WhateverCard 01 2006 Springer Verlag 2004
- 10. Fig.3.4. Category screen of the online bookshop Welcome Page View Cart Category: All Books Login Register as a new customer Browse subcategories: • Computer • Cooking • Philosophy • Literature • Science Fiction • Sports Our recommendations: • Richard Adams. Watership Down. view details Add selected items • Niccolo Machiavelli. Discourses. view details to cart • Willard Quine. Word and Object. view details Search for a book: Search Springer Verlag 2004
- 11. Fig.3.5. Book page of the online bookshop Welcome Page View Cart Form-Oriented Analysis Login Register as a new customer Authors: Dirk Draheim, Gerald Weber Abstract: What is the business logic of an enterprise system? How do I specify it in such a way that I know how to transform it into a running system, by skill and by automated tool support? This book gives a self- contained introduction to the modeling and development of business logic for enterprise systems. Price: $ 79,95 Add this book to cart Search for a book: Search Springer Verlag 2004
- 12. Fig.3.6. Shopping cart of the online bookshop Welcome Page My Shopping Cart Logout Book Quantity Price Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Delete Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Delete Varela: The Embodied Mind 2 44.68 Delete Adams: Watership Down 7 62.30 Delete Update Buy items Search for a book: in cart Search Springer Verlag 2004
- 13. Fig.3.7. Order information page of the online bookshop Order Information Welcome Page View Cart Logout Edit Account Shipping Details Payment Method John Q. Public WhateverCard, ***- 86745 49 Nowhere Lane Expiration: 01/2008 New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A. Book Quantity Price Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Place your order Varela: The Embodied Mind 2 44.68 Adams: Watership Down 7 62.30 Total 142.50 Springer Verlag 2004
- 14. Fig.3.8. Search result page of the online bookshop Welcome Page View Cart Search Result Login Register as a new customer Search items: Immanuel Kant • Immanuel Kant. Critique of Judgement. view details • Immanuel Kant. Critique of Pure Reason. view details • Immanuel Kant. Critique of Practical Reason. view details • Immanuel Kant. Critique of the Power of Judgment. view details • Immanuel Kant. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. view details • Immanuel Kant. Theoretical Philosophy. view details • Immanuel Kant. Practical Philosophy. view details Add selected items to cart Search for a book: Search Springer Verlag 2004
- 15. Fig.3.9. Data model of the online bookshop subcategories 0..* Category Book 0..* title:String 1..* Author name:String featuredBooks abstract:String authors name:String price: Amount 1 item OrderItem quantity:Number Address 1..* orderItems streetAddress:String CardInformation city:String Order cardType:CardType state:String cardNumber:String zip:Number expiration:Date country:String 1 buyer cardholder:String address 1 Customer email:String 1 cardInformation fullName:String password:String Springer Verlag 2004
- 16. Fig.4.1. Page Diagram – Part I the login data was erroneous the registration data was erroneous Login Welcome Registration browse the books on offer by exploring select a book out of a list of more and more subcategories featured books in order to view details of the book SearchResult Book Category add book to the shopping cart select books out of a list update cart items of featured books in order to add them to the shopping cart delete a cart item ShoppingCart Springer Verlag 2004
- 17. Fig.4.1. Page Diagram – Part II ShoppingCart if the user is not yet a registered customer, he order items: or she might register now the user is not logged in this link only exists, if the cart is not empty OrderLogin the user is logged in the login data was erroneous OrderInformation the registration data was erroneous place an order OrderRegistration Confirmation Springer Verlag 2004
- 18. My Shopping Cart Welcome Page Fig.4.2. Logout Book Quantity Price Screen diagram Delete – Part I – Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Delete Adams: Dirk Gently 2 24.00 Delete Update Search for a book: Buy items Search in cart Login Welcome Page E-mail: Password: login Register as new Springer Verlag 2004 already logged in
- 19. Fig.4.2. Screen diagram Customer Registration Welcome Page – Part II – E-mail: login Register as new Full Name: error occurred Street Address: City: Order Information State: Welcome Page View Cart Logout Edit Account ZIP: Country: Shipping Details Payment Method John Q. Public Whatever, ***- 86745 Password: error occurred 49 Nowhere Lane Expiration: 01/2008 New Haven Repeat Password: CT 06511, U.S.A. Place your order Card Type Card No. WhateverCard Book Quantity Price Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Expiration Date Cardholder Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 01 2006 Adams: Dirk Gently 2 24.00 Total 59.52 Register Springer Verlag 2004
- 20. Fig.4.3. List of options for a single conceptual option My Shopping Cart Welcome Page Logout Book Quantity Price } Quine: Word and Object 1 12.46 Delete Wittgenstein: Tractatus 1 23.06 Delete Adams: Dirk Gently 2 24.00 Delete Update Search for a book: Buy items Search in cart Springer Verlag 2004
- 21. Fig.4.4. Form storyboard – Part I UpdateCart DeleteCartItem • cartItem • cartItem • quantity ShoppingCart Search WelcomeLink • searchItem Order OrderLogin OrderRegistrationLink error occurred OrderRegistration WelcomeLink OrderLoginForm • e-mail • password Springer Verlag 2004
- 22. Fig.4.4. Form storyboard – Part II Order user OrderRegistration error occurred alre ady OrderLoginForm OrderRegistrationForm lo • e-mail • eMail gged • password • fullName in • streetAddress • city • state • zip OrderInformation • country • password • repeatedPassword WelcomeLink • cardType • cardNumber PlaceOrder • expiration • cardholder Springer Verlag 2004
- 23. Fig.4.5. Page images – Part I WelcomeLink ShoppingCart Logout UpdateCart DeleteCartItem • cartItem • cartItem • quantity Search • searchItem Order OrderInformation OrderLogin WelcomeLink OrderLoginForm • e-mail • password OrderRegistrationLink Springer Verlag 2004
- 24. Fig.4.5. Page images – Part II OrderLogin WelcomeLink OrderRegistration WelcomeLink OrderLoginForm • e-mail • password RegistrationForm • eMail OrderRegistrationLink • fullName • streetAddress • city • state OrderInformation • zip • country WelcomeLink ViewCart • password • repeatedPassword Logout OrderChangeLink • cardType • cardNumber • expiration • cardholder PlaceOrder Springer Verlag 2004
- 25. Fig.4.6. Form storyboard annotated with interaction information – Part I UpdateCart DeleteCartItem cartItem cartItem quantity ShoppingCart Search WelcomeLink searchItem Order OrderLogin OrderRegistrationLink error occurred OrderRegistration WelcomeLink OrderLoginForm e-mail Springer Verlag 2004 password
- 26. Fig.4.6. Form storyboard annotated with interaction information – Part II Order OrderRegistration user error occurred alre ady OrderRegistrationForm lo OrderLoginForm gged e-mail eMail password fullName in streetAddress city state zip OrderInformation country password repeatedPassword WelcomeLink cardType cardNumber PlaceOrder expiration cardholder Springer Verlag 2004
- 27. Fig.4.7. Message storyboard– Part I DeleteCartItem UpdateCart cartItem cartItem quantity ShoppingCart cartItem 2 error occurred ! authorName Search searchItem ! title defaultQuantity OrderRegistration ! price ! errorMessage defaultEmail Order defaultFullName OrderRegistrationLink defaultStreetAddress defaultCity defaultState OrderLogin defaultZip ! errorMessage defaultCountry 2 defaultEmail defaultCardType defaultCardNumber OrderLoginForm defaultExpiration email defaultCardholder password WelcomeLink Springer Verlag 2004
- 28. Fig.4.7. Message storyboard– Part II OrderRegistration 1 user already logged in ! errorMessage OrderLoginForm 3 error occurred defaultEmail Order email 4 shipping details 5 payment method defaultFullName password and so on... 1 3 OrderInformation ! fullName OrderRegistrationForm ! streetAddress 4 eMail ! city fullName ! state ! zip streetAddress ! country city 5 ! cardType state ! truncatedCardNumber zip ! expiration country password WelcomeLink ! authorName repeatedPassword ! title cardType ! quantity cardNumber PlaceOrder ! price expiration cardholder ! totalPrice Springer Verlag 2004
- 29. Fig.5.1. The information system model of form-oriented analysis Dialogue Model Dialogue Specification Signature Definition User Message Model Reuse Referring Shared Opaque Identity Model Model Referring Information Model Reuse Springer Verlag 2004
- 30. Fig.5.2. A first formchart example RegistrationLink Login LoginForm Welcome RegistrationForm Registration ViewBook ViewCategory Search SearchResult Book Category UpdateCart AddToCart DeleteCartItem ShoppingCart OrderLogin OrderLoginForm Order OrderRegistrationLink OrderInformation OrderRegistration OrderRegistrationForm PlaceOrder Confirmation Springer Verlag 2004
- 31. Fig.5.3. Two alternative formcharts for the same model (i) (ii) D Q B Q E F E F P A R P A R D B D B V C S V C S R D P B Springer Verlag 2004
- 32. Fig.5.4. Formchart naming conventions default transition name default source name default target name P P TO A A P A P>T T T>A P>T>A custom name global default name Springer Verlag 2004
- 33. Fig.5.5. Opaque references in the information model non-deletable product 1..1 oref opaque reference facade information types 0..1 instance Product Springer Verlag 2004
- 34. Fig.5.6. Formchart notational elements enabling condition P A client output constraint server input constraint flow condition A flow condition P server output constraint P client input constraint Springer Verlag 2004
- 35. Fig.5.8. Meaning of path expressions in the formchart D Q B E P TO A P A S F R C G Springer Verlag 2004
- 36. Fig.5.9. Complete formchart for the bookstore example – Part I WelcomeLink ViewCategory ViewCart LoginLink Login LoginLink LoginForm Logout Logout Welcome WelcomeLink RegistrationLink LoginForm ChangeLink RegistrationLink LoginForm ViewBook RegistrationForm Search RegistrationLink WelcomeLink RegistrationForm Registration RegistrationForm ChangeLink Springer Verlag 2004
- 37. Fig.5.9. Complete formchart for the bookstore example – Part II WelcomeLink ViewCart WelcomeLink ViewCategory LoginLink ViewCart ViewBook Logout Book LoginLink RegistrationLink Category Search Logout ChangeLink RegistrationLink AddToCart ChangeLink Search ViewCategory WelcomeLink ViewBook ViewCart Logout AddToCart ShoppingCart UpdateCart Search AddToCart DeleteCartItem UpdateCart Order DeleteCartItem Springer Verlag 2004 Search
- 38. Fig.5.9. Complete formchart for the WelcomeLink bookstore example – Part III ViewCart WelcomeLink LoginLink Order ViewCart SearchResult Logout OrderInformation Search RegistrationLink Logout ChangeLink OrderChangeLink OrderLoginForm ViewBook PlaceOrder OrderRegistrationForm AddToCart PlaceOrder Search Order WelcomeLink OrderLoginForm WelcomeLink OrderLogin Confirmation OrderRegistrationLink Logout OrderLoginForm OrderRegistrationLink OrderRegistration WelcomeLink OrderRegistrationForm OrderRegistrationForm Springer Verlag 2004 OrderChangeLink
- 39. Fig.5.10. Login, registration and logout feature of the online bookshop Logout Welcome LoginLink WelcomeLink Login LoginForm RegistrationLink Registration RegistrationForm Springer Verlag 2004
- 40. Fig.5.11. Conditional server/page transitions forgottenEmailPassword 2. forgottenEmail 3. forgottenPassword Login 4. LoginForm 1. Welcome noSuchUser 5. 6. passwordMismatch Springer Verlag 2004
- 41. Fig.5.12. Refinement of a server input constraint Login LoginForm Welcome Refinement • dropping server input constraint • adding transitions • adding flow conditions Welcome forgottenEmailPassword forgottenEmail 2. 1. 3. noSuchUser Registration forgottenPassword 4. 5. Login LoginForm RegistrationLink 6. passwordMismatch PasswordError LoginLink Springer Verlag 2004
- 42. Fig.5.13. Browsing feature of the online bookshop Welcome ViewCategory 1 view a bestseller 2 view a featured book 1 Category UpdateCart 2 ViewBook Book AddToCart ShoppingCart SearchResult DeleteCartItem Springer Verlag 2004
- 43. Fig.5.14. Shopping cart feature of the online bookshop UpdateCart UpdateCart update delete ShoppingCart ShoppingCart DeleteCartItem Springer Verlag 2004
- 44. Fig.5.15. Buying feature of the online bookshop ShoppingCart Order OrderInformation PlaceOrder Confirmation OrderLogin OrderLoginForm OrderRegistrationLink WelcomeLink OrderRegistration OrderRegistrationForm Welcome Springer Verlag 2004
- 45. Fig.5.16. Reuse of the login and registration subdialogues Logout ShoppingCart OrderInformation PlaceOrder Confirmation Order Welcome WelcomeLink 2. LoginLink Welcome WelcomeLink NewLogin NewLoginForm 2. 1. NewRegistrationLink NewRegistration NewRegistrationForm Springer Verlag 2004
- 46. Fig.5.17. Managing user data in the online bookshop RegistrationLink Welcome Registration ChangeLink Springer Verlag 2004
- 47. Fig.5.18. Search feature of the online bookshop Welcome Book Category Book Search ViewBook SearchResult ShoppingCart SearchResult AddToCart Springer Verlag 2004
- 48. Fig.5.19. Graphical representation of a client output constraint formchart Category ViewBook message model no direct input Category ViewBook {selection} opaque reference facade selected featuredBooks 1..* 0..1 book single selection Springer Verlag 2004
- 49. Fig.6.1. Named partitioning of a formchart i iii ii vi v viii iv vii A B C D E F G H Springer Verlag 2004
- 50. Fig.6.2. Hierarchical formchart decomposition i A B C D E F G H ii iii A B C B C D E F G H iv vi A B E F G H v vii viii B C D E F F G H Springer Verlag 2004
- 51. Fig.6.3. Structured analysis: leveled data flow diagram Source 0 Sink Context DFD flow Source 1 2 Sink DFD0 flow flow Source 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.2 Sink S S DFD1 DFD2 Springer Verlag 2004
- 52. Fig.6.4. A flat formchart A B C D E F G H Springer Verlag 2004
- 53. Fig.6.5. Additional features of the bookstore – Part I Login Login Welcome Welcome Registration Category Book LoginLink Login Welcome Book Category SearchResult ShoppingCart WelcomeLink SearchResult View Cart Welcome OrderInformation Category OrderLogin ViewCart ShoppingCart Book OrderRegistration SearchResult Confirmation OrderInformation Springer Verlag 2004
- 54. Fig.6.5. Additional features of the bookstore – Part II Welcome Logout Welcome Change User Data Category Logout Category Welcome Book ChangeLink Registration Book SearchResult ShoppingCart SearchResult OrderRegistration OrderInformation OrderInformation Confirmation OrderChangeLink Welcome Search Welcome Registration Category Category SearchResult RegistrationLink Search Book ShoppingCart Book SearchResult Springer Verlag 2004
- 55. Fig.6.6. Modeling with state set notation A B C A,B,C P Q R P,Q,R D E F D,E,F Springer Verlag 2004
- 56. Fig.6.7. Using state set notation for the bookstore features – Part I Login Welcome, Logout Category, LoginLink, Registration Book, Logout, Change User Data SearchResult RegistrationLink, ChangeLink 1 links to LoginLink only exist, if user is not logged in 2 links to Logout only exist, if user is logged in 3 links to RegistrationLink only exist, if user is not logged in 4 links to ChangeLink only exist, if user is logged in Logout Welcome ShoppingCart, OrderInformation, LoginLink Confirmation Login ChangeLink Registration OrderChangeLink OrderInformation OrderRegistration Springer Verlag 2004
- 57. Fig.6.7. Using state set notation for the bookstore features – Part II Login, Registration, Book, Category, Welcome ShoppingCart, SearchResult, Welcome OrderInformation, OrderLogin, OrderRegistration, WelcomeLink Confirmation View Cart Welcome, Category, Book, SearchResult, OrderInformation ShoppingCart ViewCart Search Welcome, Category, Book, SearchResult, ShoppingCart Book Search Springer Verlag 2004
- 58. Fig.6.8. Modeling enabling conditions based on state specialization (i) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 S3 Start S1 S2 S5 End S4 B1 B2 B3 (ii) A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 S3‘ S1‘ S2‘ S5‘ S4‘ Start End S3‘‘ S1‘‘ S2‘‘ S5‘‘ S4‘‘ B1 B2 B3 Springer Verlag 2004
- 59. Fig.7.1. The data model of the bookshop as a PD model Category name featuredBooks title String subcategories Book String abstract item String price Amount OrderItem orderItems quantity name String Number Author Order authors buyer email String Customer fullName String password String address streetAddress String cardInformation Address city CardType String CardInformation cardType state cardNumber String String zip expiration country Number Date String Springer Verlag 2004 cardholder String
- 60. Fig.7.2. A submodel of the bookshop title String Book abstract item String price Amount OrderItem orderItems quantity name String Number Author Order authors buyer email String Customer fullName String password String Springer Verlag 2004
- 61. Fig.7.3. A relation of arity 3 and an alternative model with a relationship Offer Offer Customer Customer contact Contact Salesperson Salesperson Springer Verlag 2004
- 62. Fig.7.4. A partial order in the data model and a valid state of this model Partial order Fro to2fro fro2to To Data model Data state Springer Verlag 2004
- 63. Fig.7.5. A composition constraint with composite entity and contents model composite detouring entity relation type weak entity type master relation types external reference contents subsystem Springer Verlag 2004
- 64. Fig.8.1. An example data type interchange diagram showing all the notational elements message messages of bidirectional representing transaction transactional signature of “order” advertise getinsurance order ship deliver inquiry CRMprocess unit system input welcomeMessage type output type Springer Verlag 2004
- 65. Fig.8.2. Similar to functional decomposition, a model subsystem in one DTIM can be defined by a whole sub-DTIM c a c b b a Springer Verlag 2004
- 66. Fig.8.3. Edges between actions within the same model subsystem can and should be replaced v v i i a a h h u u Springer Verlag 2004
- 67. Fig.8.4. Example DTIMs describing how the login dialogue accesses a remote authentication service flow: incorrect password Login LoginForm Welcome Form-Oriented Client Bookshop System Customer Management Login LoginForm Authentication Service Welcome Receiver Solution A flow: incorrect password Solution B LoginForm Authentication Springer Verlag 2004 Login Service FailReceiver Welcome OKReceiver
- 68. Fig.8.5. A DTIM and an equivalent DFD DTIM DFD b w b v i c i w v a h h a c u j h j u a Springer Verlag 2004
- 69. Fig.10.1. The Angie language related tool suite Java Server Pages Click-Dummy Angie Prototype Generator Load Test Angie Load Angie Report JSPick Revangie Angil Angil Model Recovery Model Recovery Load Test OLAP Java Server Pages Web Presentation Layer Springer Verlag 2004
- 70. Fig.10.2. Bookstore login capability login login Welcome LoginLink Login LoginForm WelcomeLink welcome Springer Verlag 2004
- 71. Fig.10.3. Revangie: example screen classifications view goodies ACME Specials ACME Welcome ACME events 1 3 home ACME bargains ACME Specials ACME Welcome 2 4 identity screen classification view products title 1-2 3-4 5 6 7 8 source 1 2 3-4 5-6-7 8 targets 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 source title 1-2 3-4 5-6-7 8 Hardware Drugs Food Goodies targets title 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 5 6 7 8 source targets 1-2 3-4 5-6-7-8 source title 1 2 3-4 5 6 7 8 targets title 1-2 3-4 5 6 7 8 non-food food source targets 1 2 3-4 5-6 7 8 Springer Verlag 2004
- 72. Fig.11.1. CPDS and CPTS forms are editable method calls client page CPTS CPDS page description page targets is interpreted server side code Browser Server code unit code unit code unit that produces that produces that produces page descriptions page descriptions page descriptions (e.g. server page) (e.g. server page) (e.g. server page) Springer Verlag 2004
- 73. Fig.11.2. Model 2 architecture C front request Java Servlet M create/update request client dispatching server-side access objects Java Server Page response V presentation Springer Verlag 2004
- 74. Fig.11.5. Higher-order server pages design example registration error and registrationA→along A registration error and registrationB→along registration new Customer B B registration C error and registrationC→along not error somewhere Springer Verlag 2004
- 75. Fig.12.1. The core syntax model of the PD modeling language RelationType 1 EntityType Role 1 Springer Verlag 2004
- 76. Fig.12.2. Multiplicity syntax model and union with PD syntax model Number Number 1 1 RelationType Upper multiplicity Upper multiplicity 1 1 Lower multiplicity Lower multiplicity 1 Role 1 Number 1 Number 1 EntityType 1 1 Springer Verlag 2004
- 77. Fig.12.3. A cutout message storyboard of the bookshop example with custom transition names l LoginLink Welcome v ! loggedIn:Boolean s ShoppingCart ! customerName:String ViewCart Springer Verlag 2004
- 78. Fig.13.2. A formchart is derived from the semantic framework formchartframework shdframework pageServer StartState ClientPage ServerAction ServerPage Category WelcomeLink Welcome ViewCategory Springer Verlag 2004
- 79. Fig.13.3. The object net over a formchart is a path WelcomeLink Welcome Category ViewCategory singleInstance: CurrentEnd Springer Verlag 2004
- 80. Fig.13.4. A login subdialogue as UML state machine submit [valid password] Welcome Login submit [invalid password] Springer Verlag 2004
- 81. Fig.13.6. Example of path expressions x v y A B C D w z B’ x duplicate v y aA:A aB1:B aC1:C aC1:C aC1:C v y w aB2:B y aC2:C aC2:C aC2:C aC2:C result bag w aB’:B’ z aC3:C Springer Verlag 2004
- 82. Fig.13.7. UML tree definition parent <<singleton>> 1 Root 1..* {xor} 1..* Node 1 parent Leaf InnerNode Springer Verlag 2004
- 83. Fig.16.1. The Seeheim model of user interfaces Application Presentation Dialogue Control Interface Model Springer Verlag 2004
- 84. Fig.16.2. Data flow diagram of a system login and registration feature user-id error-message CurrentUser login User email-and-password customer-and-repeated-password register error-message Customer Springer Verlag 2004
- 85. Fig.16.2. Jacobson-style use case diagram of the example bookstore. browse categories search view shopping cart manage shopping cart buy register change customer data User login logout system Springer Verlag 2004