Care Essay

Key Principles Of Person Centred Care
Undergraduate Programme Assessment Submission (Students should retain a copy of all
assessments) Registration Number:2311917 Module Code:NMHU1AD/1MH.A2 Assessment
Number:A2 Assessment Title:Person centred care Number of Words:2572 Work which is submitted
for assessment must be your own work. All students should note that the University has a formal
policy on plagiarism which can be found at http://www.quality.stir.ac.uk/ac–policy/assessment.php.
Person–centred care is the "Mutually beneficial partnerships between patients, their families, and
those delivering healthcare services which respect individual needs and values which demon–strate
compassion, continuity, clear communication, and shared decision making" (The Scottish
government 2010). This mutually beneficial partnership helps health services and health care
workers, place the per–son at the centre of their own care. It is simply treating patients as they want
to be treated. This essay will focus on four key principles of person–centred care (PCC) with
reference to the adult field of practice, and how these principles can be implemented in the adult
field of practice. It will also provide a brief conclusion discussing all the factors that has been
discussed. Person–centred care was first introduced by a physiologist named Carl Rogers, in the
1960s. He believed that every patient should be treated with respect and dignity. According to his
approach he uses his core principles to identify
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Obama Care Essay
1)Consider the similarities and differences between the NASW Code of Ethics and the Trauma
Informed Care principles and the section on ethics in TIP 57. Please discuss differences or
complementarities that you observe. The NASW Code of Ethics (1996), the Trauma Informed Care
principles (Bowen, 2016) and TIP 57(2014) have common similarities. These similarities are
guidelines that are similar in components are reflected in six core principles that are Safety,
trustworthiness, transparency, collaboration, empowerment, choice and intersectionality. These are
practices guidelines in which these article consider the well–being of each individual. Their guided
by ethical standards and principle in which a social worker should practice justice for...show more
content...
Using the Bowen article and the article on Obamacare Dead Zones (available in E–reserves),
consider the impact in your locality of the repeal of Obamacare. Is there relevance for Trauma
informed principles in a changing policy environment? The Obama Care is going through many
changes that will impact the American nation. There are many different points of view from the
political parties. Not having the same view of the whole matter of the situation makes it difficult
to know what the expectations are. Instead of viewing from a different perspective and thinking
how the population is going to benefits, these people that are in power are not thinking of what is
best for the nation ,especially for the elderly, children and people in poverty which will be affected
adversely by these changes. These situations that are coming into play have cause great impact in
the Jamestown, NY area. People are being traumatized when they cannot received medical services
that they used to receive before. Health insurance are taking another direction in which the
vulnerable, poor population are paying a high price. These cause trauma into the daily lives of all
these

What Is Self Care? Essay
What is Self–Care?
Self–care is one of those words that therapists use, forgetting that the rest of the population has
never heard of it. Basically, it is a noun referring to taking care of your own emotional well–being.
Self–Care works on two levels. First, the obvious– it allows you to take care of yourself, to nurture
yourself. Second, it subconsciously sends you the message that you deserve to be taken care of,
which can help increase your self–esteem, self–worth, and happiness.
Self–care doesn 't need to take up a lot of time. Even the busiest person could build in five minutes a
day to do some deep–breathing or to call a friend. Explore how self–care can fit into your schedule.
Show yourself that YOU are just as important as the other responsibilities in your life.
Self–care can mean adding one thing into each day that you can look forward to. It could be
watching your favorite TV show, taking an extra long shower, or spending five minutes in silence–
whatever works for you.
Just because you 're feeling happy, doesn 't mean that self–care isn 't necessary. It is still important to
pay attention to your needs and feelings, and to nurture yourself.
Thoughts and Behaviors...
Self–care isn 't just about activities, it can include any thoughts or behaviors. For instance, it includes
stopping yourself from using negative self–talk. It also includes setting and enforcing boundaries in
your relationships (with parents, friends, romantic partners, colleagues) that

Hospice And Palliative Care Essay
Nurses in specialty care continue to change the health care system to meet the needs of patients
regardless of the setting. Hospice and palliative care is an area of nursing specialty care that has
grown since the 1970s when it began (Cowen and Moorhead, 2011). Leaders in nursing identify
change that is needed and discover ways to make the changes possible. The leadership in nursing
brought forth attention for patients with terminal illness. Nurses defined hospice and palliative care,
developed core principles, practices, provided education and then pushed for the care to be available
in multiple settings (Cowen and Moorhead, 2011). The continued growth in this specialty area of
nursing is related to the positive outcomes of patients that have...show more content...
Patients that qualify or use palliative care also have a terminal diagnosis but usually have a longer
life expectancy than those with hospice. The definition for hospice and palliative care is something
many nursing students learn during their program. Young–Ran, Min, and Kyoung–Soon (2015)
found in a study that 70% of nurses in a general hospital setting that had cared for a terminal patient
had no prior education or training for palliative care. Nursing education continues to evolve in
attempts to better prepare nursing students for life after their program completion. Attempts to better
familiarize students with end of life care some programs are using simulation. Simulation has been
found to be an effective method of teaching when related to high stress and emotional situations
(Moreland, Lemieux, and Myers, 2012). It is great that there have been attempts to increase the
amount of education in this specialty area especially since 76% of dying patients are receiving
nursing care at time of death (Moreland, Lemieux, and Myers, 2012). Now it will be important for
current nurses and educators to continue to increase the amount of information provided in nursing
programs and to novice nurses about hospice and palliative specialty

Access of Care Essay
1)What is access of care?
Access of care can be defined as the capability to obtain affordable, convenient, acceptable, effective
and mostly needed healthcare assistances at the right time. According to healthy people 2020, access
to care is the appropriate use of healthcare amenities for a person to attain the best possible health
condition. This include entry to a health care system, access to appropriate locations with needed
services, and contacting a health care provider who can be trusted ("Access," 2013).
Access to care constitutes of five measurements such as availability, accessibility, accommodation,
affordability, and acceptability. This means acceptable and affordable health services should be
available to required persons at...show more content...
(Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 508–513).
Availability of health care services is an important dimension in access to health care. Providers
are expected to deliver quality care to patients when it is needed. They should be able to provide
care to everyone based on their needs. For instance, Spanish speaking elderly people expect some
one who knows their language in their physician's office. Language barrier can cause lot of issues
such as conveying wrong message about a patients or physicians. Effective communication is
essential for physicians and clients to explain and understand each other. There are patients who
cannot make it their physician's office due to lack of transportation. This can negatively affect their
health status. An example would be patients who miss their dialysis due to lack of transportation.
3). How do affordability, physical accessibility (delivery), and acceptability (quality) of services
affect access of care?
Affordability refers to the clients' ability to pay for health care services provided. Affordability is
directly related to the health insurance plans. Individuals with good health insurance plans are able
get better health care services. But the co–payments and out of pocket expenses are still causing
problems to the insurers. For example, majority of elderly people have to take supplemental
insurance with their Medicare plan to get better services. Only

Patient Centred Care Essay
Patient Centred Care Essay
This essay is based on the Case study of a patient named as Mrs Ford. It will be written as a
logical account, adopting a problem solving approach to her care. She is elderly and has been
admitted onto a medical ward in the hospital, following a stroke. This essay analyses the care that
she will receive and focuses on the use of assessment tools in practice. Interventions will be put in
place directly relating to the assessment feedback and in line with best practice.
Mrs Ford is a 70 year old lady who has been admitted following a stroke. She is accompanied by her
husband. Mrs Ford is a fictional name used in this essay due to confidentiality (Nursing and
Midwifery Council (NMC), 2010). A holistic approach to...show more content...
Evidence based care is objective and does not use practices that are based on tradition and/or habit
(Jolley, 2010, p.47). The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2005) encourages
Risk Assessment scores (RAS) to be used in conjunction with the nurses clinical judgement not
instead of it.
Mrs Ford is vulnerable and will need restorative care. A vulnerable adult is defined as someone
over the age of 18 who is not able to look after themselves or protect themselves from harm and
might need help from care services (Lord Chancellors Department, 1997). Although DOH et al.
(2009) state that there are people who want to change the term vulnerable adult to a person at
risk. As stated by the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act (2006), Mrs Ford is a vulnerable adult
because she is elderly, needs assistance and has a new disability. She is anxious and knowing that
the nurses are treating her individually and with compassion will make her feel safer. Although
she is vulnerable and at risk there is nothing to indicate that Mrs Ford does not have capacity.
Mental capacity is assumed unless proven otherwise and patients should be able to make their
own decision even if it is an unwise one (Mental Capacity Act, 2005). Therefore Mrs Ford can
make informed decisions and consent to all aspects of her care. With Mrs Ford 's consent, her
family can be involved in her care and they may be able to assist with

The Ethics Of Care Ethics
Care Ethics (Feminist Ethics) is the importance of caring relationships in life whether its human or
animal related. The main goal of care ethics is to maintain and promote caring relationships. Care
ethics involves helping both yourself and the world around you. It gives you the motivation to care
for others beside yourself. Care ethics according to the article is more a "general approach" than a
theory in regards to other ethical practices. The goal of care ethics is to show that women have the
same equal rights as men and that they both have freedoms of their own. This is important as this is
helping to address equality among the human race. Care ethics as a whole revolves around emotions.
Care ethic believers preach that having emotions helps you to think and feel for others. The goal in
emotions is to "focus on the wants and needs of the one being cared for." They believe through this
they can relate to others in their needs. An example that the article gives is the mother–child
relationship. If a child wants something to eat, the mother of that child knows best what the child
needs. This is due to the "caring motherly nature that mothers have." Also, caring helps to "motivate
us to tend to those, even if we are exhausted, and angry." The difference between care ethics and
utilitarianism is that utilitarian's do not believe that emotions are helping them to choose right or
wrong in any situation. They believe that through calculations, they can

Personal Essay: Care For Others
Care for others. The way this will help you achieve happiness is that when you help others it gives
you a warm feeling inside. It makes you feel as if you have done something right. This feeling is
almost unexplainable. Helping others is one of the best things you can do. For example, when you
complement someone the best feeling is when you see the look on that persons face and see how
happy you made them. Also, if you do not care for others you will live a lonely life. Without care for
others no one will want to be around you. So, if you care for others you will have a joyous life.
Listen to others. When listening to others, people learn how others feel. People will tell you about
their life, the good and bad times. It will help you grow as a person and learn how to be...show more
content...
This will help you achieve happiness because if you do what you want you will never be let down.
You will feel like you have a purpose and that you were meant for something, as if it was calling you.
If you love what you do the there is no possible way to be sad or upset. Your life will be filled with
joy and love because every day you get to wake up and do something that truly makes you happy.
Stay in a joyous mood. If you are always in a good mood and spreading joy, there is no way to be
negative. You will always be looking on the bright side seeing how fortunate you are. This will
keep a smile on your face showing that you are truly happy. Also, help others around you to be in a
good mood. This will help you connect with others.
Learn to forgive quickly. This will make it where you are unable to hold a grudge. If you stay
mad at a person you might regret it because you never know the last day you will see them. You
are also just wasting valuable joyous time that you could be having with this person in your life.
Try to always be on good terms with people. Never go to bed angry and think on the positive side of
life. This will make your relationships

Person Centred Care Essay
This essay will reflect upon an incident that occurred whilst in placement at a Unit for Clients with
behaviour and learning needs, and associated autistic difficulties. Clients are both sexes and range in
age from four to eighteen. It will be undertaken, defining person centred care in relation to the
incident, it will demonstrate awareness to roles and responsibilities of professionals in meeting the
needs of the client and it will demonstrate the importance of inter–professional collaboration and
discuss the issues that facilitate or act as barriers in this partnership. In Order to Maintain
Confidentiality the client has been provided a pseudonym (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008).
Permission was also granted from this client to use...show more content...
To begin with the person is the centre of the plan, to be consulted with and their views must
always come first: It should include all aspects of their care, and every professional should work
together to provide it. (Leathard 2000) Autonomy refers to an individuals' ability to come to his or
her own decisions and requires nurses to respect the choices patients make concerning their own
lives (Hendrick 2000).However Gillon Argues that the principle respect for autonomy may need
some restriction, otherwise we may be morally obliged to respect an autonomous course of action
with unthinkable consequences.( Gillon 1986) Every human being has an intrinsic value, they all
have a right to well being, to self–fulfilment and to as much control over their own lives as is
consistent with others (British Association of Social Workers 2002).Professional Judgement and
patient preference cannot be suspended if practice is to be safe and effective rather than
routine(DOH 2005) Alex had to attend this session as it was within his Timetable, how could it have
been effective?, he was unhappy and

Ethics Of Care Essay
The ethics of care may be a normative moral theory: a theory concerning what makes actions
virtuously right or wrong. It's one amongst a cluster of normative moral theories that were developed
by feminists within the half of the 20th century. Whereas consequentialist and deontological moral
theories emphasize universal standards and non–partisanship, ethics of care emphasize the
importance of response. Ethics of care contrasts with additional well–known moral views, like
consequentialist theories and deontological theories. This kind of outlook is what feminist critics
decision a justice view of morality. A morality is a care that rests on the understanding of
relationships as a response to a different in their terms.
While some feminists have...show more content...
This projected paradigm shift in ethics encourages that an ethic of caring to be the social
responsibility of each man and girls. Responsibility so as to worry, we have a tendency to should
take it upon ourselves, so responsibility. The matter related to this second moral component of
responsibility is that the question of obligation. The obligation is common if not already tied to the
pre–established social group and cultural norms and roles. Tronto makes the hassle to differentiate
the terms responsibility and obligation with regards to the ethics of care. Responsibility is
ambiguous, wherever as obligation refers to things where action or reaction is due, in the case of a
legal contract. This ambiguity permits for ebb and flow in and between category structures and
gender roles, and to different socially created roles that may bind responsibility to those solely
appropriate to these roles. The definition of an ethic of care is ambiguous due partly to the death of
a central role it plays in ethical theory. She argues that considering philosophy is engaged with
human goodness, and then care would seem to assume a big role during this form of philosophy.
However, this is often not the case

Healthcare in the United States Essay
Healthcare in the United States is rooted in the private sector. The private sector directly funds 56%
of the expenditures through private health insurance, household expenditures and copays, and other
private expenditures. (CMS, 2014) The US healthcare system can thank the private sector for
providing much strength such as new diagnostic technologies, innovative treatments and procedures,
and dynamism. American hospitals and physicians are regarded internationally as being of high
quality. Americans can also be proud that the physician– patient relationship is among the most
trusted and valued relationships in the country. By allowing the private sector to take a lead role in
the healthcare system, the United States values...show more content...
(Elhauge, 2010). Fragmentation leads to duplication of tests and effort. Often, physicians do not
have test results and notes from prior treatments. This results in wasteful duplication of efforts.
Fragmentation leads to unplanned hospitalizations. Approximately 20% of discharged Medicare
patients are re–hospitalized within thirty days. (Jencks, Williams, Coleman, 2009) It is estimated that
only 10% of those readmissions are planned. (Jencks, Williams, Coleman, 2009) Patients can receive
better continuation of care if their doctors coordinated better, if there was better discharge planning
and incentives for providers to control costs after the patient has been discharged. A patient centered
medical home (PCMH) could integrate patient care. A patient centered medial home is a team of
healthcare providers coming together to improve the health of a specific population. A PCMH is
designed to integrate primary care and specialists into improve care coordination, safety and
quality.(Stange, et al 2010) A PCMH would also improve physician training and development to
provide a commitment to treat the whole patient, rather than just one part.(Stange, et al 2010)
Healthcare fragmentation can also be limited through improved communication between providers
using e–mail and social media tools such as facebook and twitter. Physicians and hospitals are also
paid with a fragmented and confusing mix of public and private payments. In the private sector

Managed Care Essay
Managed care dominates health care in the United States. It is any health care delivery system that
combines the functions of health insurance and the actual delivery of care, where costs and
utilization of services are controlled by methods such as gatekeeping, case management, and
utilization review. Different types ofmanaged care plans came into development by three major
factors. These factors include choice of providers, different ways of arranging the delivery of
services, and payment and risk sharing. Types of managed care organizations include Health
Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) which consist of five common models that differ according to
how the HMO is related to the participating physicians, Preferred Provider Organizations...show
more content...
Case managers also provide support and information to patients and their families. Next, is
utilization review. `Its main objective is to review each case and determine the most appropriate
level of services, the most appropriate settings in which the services be delivered, the most cost
efficient methods for care delivery and the need for planning of subsequent care. Other methods used
for utilization and control are choice restriction and practice profiling' (Douglas, 2003, p.328).
The types of managed care are differentiated by definition, operation, structure, and information
needs. `HMOs were the most common type of MCO until commercial insurance companies
developed PPOs to compete with HMOs' (Douglas, 2003, p.331). `HMOs are business entities that
either arrange for or provide health services to an enrolled population after prepayment of a fixed
sum of money, called a premium' (Peden, 1998, p.78). There are three characteristics that an HMO
must have. The first is a health care financing and delivery system that provides services for
members in a particular geographic area. Second, is ensured access to a complete range of health
care services, health maintenance, treatment, and routine checkups. Last, health care must be
obtained from voluntary personnel that participate in the HMO. The five HMO models related to
the participating physicians are the Staff

Chronic Care Vs Acute Care Essay
My understanding of chronic care vs. acute care, is basically the time difference in each of them and
the different process of treating them/dealing with them. With acute illnesses, these last no longer
than 6 months. As with chronic illnesses, it can last a lifetime and usually continue to get worse as
time goes on. For example, an acute illness would be a girl coming in who tested positive for a
urinary tract infection, and a chronic illness would be diabetes mellitus. The difference between
these two are that one is short term, while one is long term. Because acute and chronic illnesses have
different time frames, these illnesses are treated differently. Usually with an acute illness, if it isn't
an exacerbation or a chronic infection, such...show more content...
This can include changing their diet, switching health insurances if their medicine isn't getting
covered, teaching the client how to use their medicines, and manage day to day symptoms.
According to many websites, evidence supports there are 6 categories that are used for
improvement of a chronic illness. These are self–management support, involving basic information
about their disease, and understanding the skills that are needed to help with their disease. The
second category is the delivery system design, which consists of the different roles and tasks that are
done for the patients care, For example, making sure every health care provider and family members
are up to date with what is going on. The decision support system, which consists of evidence based
practice showing that the outcome is positive for a disease. The next category is the clinical
information systems which collect data on individual patients to be then shared in a data base,
another category is the organization of health care, which turns preventative care into goals for the
patient and care giver, and community which ties together state programs, businesses, clubs, faith
organizations, together for community and support programs. Living with a chronic illness is very
tough, and as nurses we need to provide the patient with tools on how to manage their life, how to
feel

Self Care Essay example
Just to think about self care can be a task in itself. I never really thought it about it, to be honest,
but it is an essential part of living. We get so busy and caught up living in our everyday lives that
we forget about the most important part, ourselves. I have two young kids ages 3 and 5, so my
focus is always to take care of them and make sure their needs are met, forgetting about myself along
the way. I think this assignment will help me to appreciate and not take for granted the things that I
know I need to do for myself and to show love to the most important person, me.
Stress management and self–soothing techniques are critical for surviving modern work–no matter
the focus of the work. Psychotherapists tend to disregard their...show more content...
In class we discussed "saying no" being apart of our plans and I know that this is a must for me.
At times I find myself running around like a chicken with its head cutoff. If only I had the courage
to tell people no when I really need to the most. This will be tough for me but I know that it will
help me have more time to do the things I love.
Although there are several things on my list that I am cringing over I will give it my all. What
better way to be a good therapist? Starting the process of self–care now will hopefully alleviate
future problems that I could face. I embrace this experience to create more self–love within. Setting
out with determination and a clear understanding of my plan will hopefully create the motivation
that I need to complete my goals. Knowing how I am, I have to take this day–by–day. If I do miss a
task, instead of beating up on myself as I usually do I will commit to that task the following day.
Its not so much doing the tasks that I am worried about because everything on my list I appreciate,
it is finding the time to fit it all in. I think what will motivate me is knowing that if I can't help and
take care of myself then how can I take care of my future clients. My ultimate goal after attending
Antioch is of course helping others better their lives so I think this plan will give me a jumpstart in
helping myself first.

Infection Control In Health Care Essay
Infection control within a healthcare facility is the prevention of the spread of many microorganisms
from patient to patient, patient to a member of staff and also from the staff member to the patient
that are in there care. The World Health Organisation have defined healthcare associated infections as
an infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other healthcare facility in whom the infection
was not present or incubating at the time of admission. Every healthcare facility from hospitals to
general practitioners office should have a designated member of staff or a team of people who
ensure that the infection control procedures are abided by and adhered to at all times in order to
protect both staff and patients. More than 300,000 people each year are affected by a healthcare
associated infection and the cost of treatment for these patients is over ВЈ3,000 and there is also the
cost of treatment after discharge.
The Standard Precautions
Standard precautions are set in place in order to prevent the transmission of infections from one
individual to another. There are numerous ways in which infections can spread if standard
precautions are not met:
Person to person via hands of healthcare providers, patients and visitors
Clothing...show more content...
Protective clothing does not have to be worn at all times within the facility as there is a chance that
instead of preventing the infection they could also carry around the healthcare associated infections
if it is worn when it is not necessary. Before any member of the healthcare team decides to wear any
kind of protective clothing it is important that they assess the risk of the transmission of the infection
to themselves and the patient. Protective clothing must be worn at all times when there are bodily
fluids, blood, secretions or excretions from the patient as this will prevent any

Quality Patient Care Essay
What is Quality Patient Care
Quality patient care is extremely important throughout the health care community. While caring for
each patient, they should have a sense of feeling welcomed and involved in making decisions
revolving around their treatment. Every patient is different, each will require an alternative method
of care. While quality care playing a passive role in health care not only should the patients receive
this care, but physicians, nurses, caretakers and many other modalities of health care should be fully
prepared to meet each patient's needs with the care they deserve.
Often patients lack knowledge pertaining to their health. Exams aren't being explained, patients
aren't included in decisions concerning their treatment. Patients enter departments with questions
such as, "Why am I having this test done?", or "What is this test for?", these types of questions
shouldn't be heard from a patient. Exams should never go unexplained and patients should never feel
as though they have been left in the dark when it comes to their health. Involving patients gives them
a sense of security and acknowledgement when it comes to their concerns and questions. When it
comes to meeting patient care needs it not only pertains to conscious patients. Patients who...show
more content...
Sometimes all a patient needs to receive proficient care is compassion, kindness, and comfort.
Listening to a patient while they express concerns, is an important part of quality care. Comforting
a patient entails being there when they are scared, possibly going through a procedure that wasn't
explained to them, makes a big difference, from a patient's point of view. An act of kindness goes a
long way with patient's maybe they need a drink or help to restroom, volunteer assistance and assure
them their need's will be meet throughout the duration of their stay in the health care

Day Care Essay
In today's society the majority of households have a family dynamic where both parents need to
work. It is nearly impossible for most families in America to survive financially without two
incomes. This puts many parents in a situation where they have to find extra help to watch their
children while they are away at work. "These days couples face complex negotiations over work,
family, child care, and housekeeping. It becomes evident that where traditional marriage through the
centuries has been a partnership based on mutual dependency, modern marriage demands greater
self–sufficiency" (Hekker). Day care becomes a necessity for many families, and the main concern
for most parents is if the day care will be a positive experience for their...show more content...
In addition, these children become confident in their own skills and thus, more self–reliant"
(Cerbasi). Being self–sufficient is a positive attribute that any individual can learn in their lives, and
that is a very good quality that an individual can learn especially at a very young age. In life it is
healthy to make lasting relationships, and to socialize with other people. It is important that
children are given the opportunity to be around other children so that they can acquire vital
communication and social skills. "Even with siblings, you can't match the opportunities for
social interaction that a child has at day care in the home. Your child will be placed in a class
with children close in age and have opportunities to play and negotiate with peers each day"
(Cerbasi). My daughter is 3 years old and she is an only child. Day care is something that I would
love to put our child in, because for just even a couple hours a week she can be around other
children and have a socialization experience she will emotionally need while being around others
her own age. This is a valuable experience that we can't give her at home. Doctor Heins suggests,
"Play is very important, but the serious aspect is that we have to get along in a social structure"
(Burgess). For parents with only one child, day care can be a great option for a place where their
child will be able to socialize with other children their own age, enabling the

Comfort Care Advantages
Benefits of learning comfort care According to Arruda, Larson & Meleis (1992), comfort care is
fulfilling for patients and nurses a comfort is an experience that interacts with other contexts to
deliver a total comfort feeling rather than targeting each context individually. Comfort care is
known to be a natural as it is a common idea to nurses who recognized the mechanism and patient's
experience of their own comfort. For nurses comfort care entails nursing knowledge and skills
precise to individual patient's medical and nursing issues. Comfort care is efficient as interventions
that are designed for holistic care can be done the moment the patient encounter it, such as giving
reassurance, attending to patient's physical needs or even adjusting the room lights. It is easy to
implement and design a comfort care as most of the nursing interventions are aimed to patient's
response. The outcome of enhanced comfort is practical for nurses to gain as the effectiveness of
comfort care is based on assessment. Patient centered care is the main focus for today's healthcare
industry and comfort care assist in achieving this as the outcome is deliberate by patients' perception
on their own comfort and this helps the nurses to be sensitive to patients' outcome. A successful
nurse is...show more content...
It was a middle–range theory for healthcare practice. In year 1994, Kolcaba published the first
article on comfort theory and in year 2001, there were subsequent articles that had been published.
Kolcaba had developed the 'Theory of Comfort' by conducting a concept analysis of comfort by
examine literature from multiple disciplines such as nursing, medicine, ergonomics and psychology.
According to Kolcaba, in nursing the product of holistic care in 'Comfort'. A taxonomic framework
was formed to guide assessment, measurement and evaluation of patient comfort by having three
forms of comfort and four contexts in which comfort can

Person Centred Care Essay
Person Centred Care As part of assessment of the older adult and other population's module, I have
been asked to write a piece on a person centred care model. As the name implies person centred
care is delivering individualised care which meets the needs of that particular person, be they
religious, emotional, physiological needs etc. As a person they are entitled to respect, dignity,
compassion and autonomy, which are central to the concept of person centred care. "The rights of
individuals as persons is the driving force behind person centred healthcare" (McCormack, 2003). In
1991, the UN made explicit the Principles for Older Persons; these include independence,
participation, care, self–fulfilment and dignity. These principles are closely...show more content...
The need for older people to have their autonomy to make a decision and be an active partner in
the decision making process must be recognised and is an essential component in person centred
care. ''The older person and family have the right to make informed decisions about all aspects of
their care and the nurse respects the level of participation desired'' (An Bord Altranais, 2009).
Nurses most realise the importance of patients participation in their care and strive to uphold it as a
principle of person centred care, ''Lack of time and/or restrictions on patients choice and
involvement, was listed as the number 1 factor to hinder quality nursing care'' (An Bord Altranais,
2009). As nurses it is our responsibility to take the time to overcome communication barriers, for
example, a hearing or speech deficit. The nurse can opt to use non–verbal communication to
facilitate the decision making process for the patient. Patients are entitled to information about every
aspect of their care and should be frequently updated. Information about management and prevention
of conditions, procedures, assessments and investigations ,diagnosis, treatment, follow on care,
referrals and services available to patients( i.e. health, social) should all be disclosed to patient
(Department of Health,2001). If they

Continuity Of Care Essay
Improving the Continuity of Care of the Chronic Renal Patient
Review of Literature
With the increase in life expectancy for chronically ill patients related to the advancements in
medical care, it is becoming increasing important to develop a comprehensive plan of care to
manage a patient's healthcare accordingly. The continuity of care is the basic framework to
establish programs geared towards producing better patient outcomes. Chronic kidney disease
(CKD) is one such area where the development of a strong support system can not only ensure
proper care is received but also prevent or delay complications. According to one report by the
American Hospital Association (AHA), "Individuals with ESRD (end stage renal disease) require
intensive treatment,...show more content...
(2014) supported a need to change the current morality outcomes of the chronic kidney disease
patient. This change affects all races across all continents. Wen and et al. (2014) determined,
"Relative risks of chronic kidney disease for mortality and end–stage renal disease across races are
similar." The authors support a call to action challenging the reader to change the current conditions
surrounding the mortality rates associated with chronic kidney disease. This action includes a
preventative comprehensive plan to control kidney disease and delay it from become irreversibly
chronic. By starting health promotion from the first signs of kidney issues, "optimized care before
progression to CKF can delay the development of CKF and ensure that patients are in the best
possible clinical condition when they reach CKF." (Ortiz et al., 2014, p. 1838) The main issue for
CKF is once the patient is at a point of needing dialysis, the treatment is considered to be too late.
The high mortality rate for this patient is now past the point of change. Steps to improving the
optimization of care, Ortiz and et al. (2014) recommends national prevention programs, holistic care,
education for the general population and healthcare staff, legislative changes, improved care before
dialysis, increase in specialized staffing, and a change in attitude will decrease the mortality rate of
CKF

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