different constitution of different countries.helpful for you to know about other countries and their constitution and their struggle for independence

2. rr
ll
aa
ll
NN
ee
hh
rr
uu

3. ii
oo
nn
oo
ff
ii
nn
dd
ii
aa

4. ““ WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, havingWE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having
solemnly resolved to constitute India into asolemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR,SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR,
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to allDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all
its citizens:its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faithLIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith
and worship;and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them alland to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of theFRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the
individual and the unity and integrity of theindividual and the unity and integrity of the
Nation;Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-
sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBYsixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY
ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVESADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES

5. The constitution of the islamicThe constitution of the islamic
republic of pakistanrepublic of pakistan

6. So that the people of Pakistan may prosper and attain their rightfulSo that the people of Pakistan may prosper and attain their rightful
and honored place amongst the nations of the World and makeand honored place amongst the nations of the World and make
their full contribution towards international peace and progresstheir full contribution towards international peace and progress
and happiness of humanity:and happiness of humanity:
Now, therefore, we, the people of Pakistan,Now, therefore, we, the people of Pakistan,
Conscious of our responsibility before Almighty AllahConscious of our responsibility before Almighty Allah
and men;and men;
Cognizant of the sacrifices made by the people in theCognizant of the sacrifices made by the people in the
cause of Pakistan;cause of Pakistan;
Faithful to the declaration made by the Founder of Pakistan,Faithful to the declaration made by the Founder of Pakistan,
Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, that Pakistan would be aQuaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, that Pakistan would be a
democratic State based on Islamic Principles of social justice;democratic State based on Islamic Principles of social justice;
Dedicated to the preservation of democracy achieved by theDedicated to the preservation of democracy achieved by the
unremitting struggle of the people against oppression andunremitting struggle of the people against oppression and
tyranny;tyranny;
Inspired by the resolve to protect our national and political unityInspired by the resolve to protect our national and political unity
and solidarity by creating an egalitarian society through a newand solidarity by creating an egalitarian society through a new
order;order;
Do hereby, through our representatives in the National Assembly,Do hereby, through our representatives in the National Assembly,
adopt, enact and give to ourselves, this Constitutionadopt, enact and give to ourselves, this Constitution..

7. tt
ii
tt
uu
tt
ii
oo
nn
ff
oo

8. Whereas the people of New South Wales, Victoria, SouthWhereas the people of New South Wales, Victoria, South
Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania, humbly relying on theAustralia, Queensland, and Tasmania, humbly relying on the
blessing of Almighty God, have agreed to unite in oneblessing of Almighty God, have agreed to unite in one
indissoluble federal Commonwealth under the Crown of theindissoluble federal Commonwealth under the Crown of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and under theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and under the
Constitution hereby established:Constitution hereby established:
And whereas it is expedient to provide for the admission intoAnd whereas it is expedient to provide for the admission into
the Commonwealth of other Australasian colonies andthe Commonwealth of other Australasian colonies and
possessions of the Queen:possessions of the Queen:
Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty,Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty,
by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual andby and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and
Temporal, and Commons, in this present ParliamentTemporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament
assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:
Note the absence of any reference to Western Australia. ThisNote the absence of any reference to Western Australia. This
reflects the historical fact that, at the time the Act was passed,reflects the historical fact that, at the time the Act was passed,
Western Australia had not yet voted to join the federation.Western Australia had not yet voted to join the federation.
If the Constitution was re-enacted without the rest of theIf the Constitution was re-enacted without the rest of the
Commonwealth of Australia Constitution ActCommonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, a new, a new
constitutional preamble probably would be needed, and it wouldconstitutional preamble probably would be needed, and it would
be necessary to decide what should be in it.be necessary to decide what should be in it.

9. oo
ff
tt
hh
ee
rr
ee
pp
uu

10. We, the people of South Africa, Recognize the injustices of ourWe, the people of South Africa, Recognize the injustices of our
past; Honor those who suffered for justice and freedom in ourpast; Honor those who suffered for justice and freedom in our
land; Respect those who have worked to build and develop ourland; Respect those who have worked to build and develop our
country; and Believe that South Africa belongs to all who live incountry; and Believe that South Africa belongs to all who live in
it, united in our diversity. We therefore, through our freelyit, united in our diversity. We therefore, through our freely
elected representatives, adopt this Constitution as the supremeelected representatives, adopt this Constitution as the supreme
law of the Republic so as to • Heal the divisions of the past andlaw of the Republic so as to • Heal the divisions of the past and
establish a society based on democratic values, social justiceestablish a society based on democratic values, social justice
and fundamental human rights; • Lay the foundations for aand fundamental human rights; • Lay the foundations for a
democratic and open society in which government is based ondemocratic and open society in which government is based on
the will of the people and every citizen is equally protected bythe will of the people and every citizen is equally protected by
law; • Improve the quality of life of all citizens and free thelaw; • Improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the
potential of each person; and • Build a united and democraticpotential of each person; and • Build a united and democratic
South Africa able to take its rightful place as a sovereign stateSouth Africa able to take its rightful place as a sovereign state
in the family of nations. May God protect our people. Nkosiin the family of nations. May God protect our people. Nkosi
Sikelel’ iAfrika. Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso. God seënSikelel’ iAfrika. Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso. God seën
Suid-Afrika. God bless South Africa. Mudzimu fhatutshedzaSuid-Afrika. God bless South Africa. Mudzimu fhatutshedza
Afurika. Hosi katekisa Afrika.Afurika. Hosi katekisa Afrika.

11. tt
ii
oo
nn
oo
ff
tt
hh
ee

12. We the People of the United States, inWe the People of the United States, in
Order to form a more perfect Union,Order to form a more perfect Union,
establish Justice, insure domesticestablish Justice, insure domestic
Tranquility, provide for the commonTranquility, provide for the common
defense, promote the general Welfare,defense, promote the general Welfare,
and secure the Blessings of Liberty toand secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain andourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the Unitedestablish this Constitution for the United
States of America.States of America.

13. Responsibility of citizens for theirResponsibility of citizens for their
country….country….
• "Need I infer, that it is the duty of every"Need I infer, that it is the duty of every
citizen to use his best and mostcitizen to use his best and most
unremitting endeavors for preserving itunremitting endeavors for preserving it
[the Constitution] pure, healthful, and[the Constitution] pure, healthful, and
vigorous? For the accomplishment of thisvigorous? For the accomplishment of this
great purpose, the exertions of no onegreat purpose, the exertions of no one
citizen are unimportant. Let no one,citizen are unimportant. Let no one,
therefore harbor, for a moment, the meantherefore harbor, for a moment, the mean
idea, that he is and can be of no value toidea, that he is and can be of no value to
his country: let the contrary manlyhis country: let the contrary manly
impres­sion animate his soul. Every oneimpres­sion animate his soul. Every one
can, at many times, perform, to the state,can, at many times, perform, to the state,
useful services; and he, who steadilyuseful services; and he, who steadily
pursues the road of patriotism, has thepursues the road of patriotism, has the
most inviting prospect of being able, atmost inviting prospect of being able, at
some times, to perform eminent ones."some times, to perform eminent ones."