economics

1. INFRASTRUCTURE
Indian Economic Development

2. “The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (buildings, roads,
power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.:
Infrastructure(Social Overhead Capital)

3. Infrastructure is broadly categorized as
1. Economic Infrastructure
2. Social Infrastructure
Types Of Infrastructure

4. Economic Infrastructure
Economic infrastructure is defined as infrastructure that
promotes economic activity, such as roads, highways, railroads,
airports, sea ports, electricity, telecommunications, water supply and
sanitation.

5. Social Infrastructure
Social infrastructure can be broadly defined as the construction and
maintenance of facilities that support social services. Types of social
infrastructure include healthcare (hospitals), education (schools and
universities), public facilities (community housing and prisons) and
transportation (railways and roads).

7. Infrastructure Development
Social infrastructure can be broadly defined as the construction and
maintenance of facilities that support social services. Types of social
infrastructure include healthcare (hospitals), education (schools and
universities), public facilities (community housing and prisons) and
transportation (railways and roads).

11. Social Sector and Infrastructural Needs

12. Introduction
The importance of social
service sector and
infrastructural facilities is
gradually on ascent.
As said by economists like
Amartya Sen, per capita
income as an indicator of

13. Human Development Index
Human Development Index is a
composite statistic used to rank
countries, with data on life expectancy,
education and per capita income.
It is an alternative of evaluating a
country’s progress on per capita

14. Human Development Index
It draws the attention of the
countries on the other important
aspects for the development of
human life, instead of only
income.
It is the new way of measuring
the development of the country.
Basic services needed for human
development are shown in next

15. Education
Education is the key to the development of
any society.
India is lagging behind in this goal and has
been trying hard to achieve absolute.
For this purpose, significant efforts have
been made by the government with
programmes such as Sarva Shikhsha
Abhiyaan, Mid-Day meals, etc.
Education in India is mainly provided by
public sector. Though there are private
colleges and deemed universities, these
don’t cater to the underprivileged or the
economically challenged.
Huge progress has been made in increasing

16. Education
Another notable programme is the Kendriya Vidyalaya project
which was started for the employees of the central government
of India.
Female literacy rate is very low in India. Recently Saakshar
Bharat Mission for Female Literacy programme was launched by
the government of India to bring down the female illiteracy.
Despite all these programmes and investments in education, 35%
of India’s population is still illiterate; only 15% of Indian
students reach high school, and just 7% graduate.

17. Health
 India is also working towards the field of health to increase the
health condition of the people of the country.
 There are variety of factors which affect the healthcare of the
people such as, poor levels of nutrition, bad sanitation
infrastructure, low quality of health care and poor
implementation of preventive health measures.
 Government hospitals help the underprivileged where the
treatment is provided at the taxpayer’s expense.

18. Health
Government hospitals
 Provide drugs free or at very minimal rate.
 Charge for treatment is very less as compared to the private one’s.
 Include free of cost primary health centres provided by city and
district hospitals.
Central government has also included the health care in five year plans.

19. Transport
 The most crucial part for any economy to run effectively is the transport system.
 This helps widen the market for goods and also connects to the remote parts of the country.
 In India, long distances are covered by the train or road transport.

20. Transport
 For any economy to grow good connectivity
between rural and urban areas is essential.
 Today India’s economy is demanding for the
rise in transport infrastructure.
 More improvements are required in this sector to improve the
transport and economy of India.

21. Power
 Demand for electric power has grown in India as it is an
essential component for agriculture, industry, transport and
household.
 About 70% of the electricity consumed in India is generated
by thermal power plants, 21% by hydroelectric power plants
and 4% by nuclear power plants.
 The country has also invested heavily in recent years on
renewable sources of energy such as wind energy.

22. Housing
 Housing is the essential for human life.
 Many schemes are run by the government to improve the
housing condition of the people of the country.
 Indira Awas Yojana and Urban basic Services are the two
major projects run by Indian government to fulfill the housing
needs in general.

23. Irrigation
Progress of agriculture depends on
irrigation. Hence, India being an
agricultural country its progress
economy depends on irrigation.
The problem of irrigation is related
to ignorance as many of the farmers
are ignorant towards the different
methods of irrigation.
 Central Board of Irrigation and

24. Tasks Ahead
 A lot is to be achieved as India is still grappling with the problems like,
growing population, illiteracy, unemployment, poverty and inflation
etc.
 A collective gesture is required from the public and government to the
improve the condition of the country.

25. Thank You