The document discusses feminist readings in the context of Indian writing in English, focusing on historical societal norms like child marriage and sati. It outlines the definition of feminism, its waves, and the evolution of women's roles pre- and post-independence in education and society. Additionally, it presents statistical trends in women's participation in higher education from the 1950s to the 2000s.

2.  Presented by Dharma Gohel
 Smt. S. B. Gardi Department of English MKBU
 Topic : Feminist reading : Past and Present
 PAPER NO : 04 Indian Writing in English ( pre-
indipendence )
 MA SEM : 01
 BATCH : 2017-2019
 EMAIL ID : dharmagohel71@gmail.com
 Enrollment no : 2069108420180014
Welcome

3. The Fakeer of Jungheera :
Religion
Orthodox Society
Tradition ( Sati,
Child marriage )
Worship of many
God
Education

4.  What is Feminism ?
 Feminism is a range of Political movements,
ideologies and social movements that share a common
goal : to establish and achieve political, economic,
personal and social equality of sexses.
 This includes seeking to establish educational and
professional opportunities for women that are equal to
such opportunities for men.

5. Waves of Feminism :
The history of the modern
western feminism is devided into
three waves :
1) The first wave : It comprised
women’s suffrage movements of
the 19th and early 20th century.

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2) The second wave : It was associated with ideas and
actions of the women’s liberation movement
beginning of the 1960s. It campaigned for legal and
social equality for women.
3). The third wave : It is a continuation of, and a
reaction to, the perceived failures of second wave
feminism which began in the 1990s.

7.  Origin :
 Charles Fourier, a Utopian
Socialist and French
philosopher, is credited with
having coined the word
“feminisme”.
It first appeared in France.

8.  Role of women :
Pre - Independence Post - Independence
 Education
Home
Society
Culture
Social evils
Education
Working place
Society
Culture
Social evils

9. Women participation in higher
education :
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1950-51
1955-56
1960-61
1965-66
1970-71
1775-76
1980-81
1985-86
1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
2005-06
Men
Women
Total enrolment
Women as perecent of
all studemts

10. Thank you