2. INTRODUCTION
• The Hajj Terminal at the King Abdul-Aziz Airport in Jeddah, is no
ordinary airport terminal.
• Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill as part of the master plan
for the broader airport and air force base facility, the Hajj
Terminal, officially inaugurated in 1981, was purpose-built for the
influx of religious pilgrims that stream into Saudi Arabia for just a
few weeks each year as part of the annual Hajj pilgrimage to
Mecca.
• The number of Hajjis soared from an average of 50,000 in the
1960s to 500,000 in 1975.SOM’s massive Teflon-coated fiberglass
tent-like structure would accommodate 950,000 Hajjis by 1985,
and today millions of pilgrims pass through the facility each year
during the Hajj.
3. LOCALARCHITECTURALCHARACTER
• KAIA is a showcase of internationalarchitects attempting to
provide an architecture with a cultural and symbolic flavor.
• The terminal is designed by Edward Stonewitha shell
structure roof inspired by a “oneway tent” like fold.
• The domestic terminalsin KAIA have ameasure of coherence
attained through its layout, as well as the compatibility of
forms. A visualaxis organizes the location of two terminals
with the centre line of Hajterminals.
10. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• Islam requires every one who is physically able to perform Haj at
least once in his or her lifetime, it is therefore a most significant
journey.
• Many pilgrims are in experienced travelers , separated from their
culture and surroundings for the first time.
• The Haj terminal design responds to the Hajis physical needs and
comfort in a form that is technologically appropriate for its use and
architecturally responsive to the surrounding environment.
• The translucent fabric roof helps create a naturally ventilated and
lighted open space which prevents distraction from the Hajis spiritual
objectives yet affords the pilgrims needed shelter and walking
distance.
19. • In plan the Haj terminal consist of two identical halves, 320m x 686
m and separated by a landscapedmall.
• Each half of the terminal is divided into five equal modules. Each
module in turn is made of 21 lightweight tent structure arranged on 3 x
7 tentsfor each module and cover 10.5 acres (4 hectares). Each unit is
45 m x 45 m.
• As developed, the terminal has 20 gate processing areas, 10 on
each side of the terminal. Each gate has equal areas within the
terminalfor passengerprocessing.
• On leaving the plane the pilgrims enter the second level of the
air- conditioned terminal building for health and immigration
processing, Baggage claims and customs are on the lowerlevel.
• Upon leaving the terminal the pilgrims enter the shaded area
called “TerminalSupport Area”, or tent tentstructure.
DESIGN ANDCONSTRUCTION
20.
21.
22. STRUCTURE
• The roof unit is a tensile membrane structure spanning
between 4 corner pylons which are45 meters in height.
• The double curved skin of each unit is madeupof heavy
weight Teflon coated fiberglass fabric supported on 32
steel radial cables, which in turn span between an upper
tension ring and a lower tie down catenarycable.
• Pairs of suspension cables are used toprovide degree of
safety in the structure in case of accidental failure of one
cable.
33. Total no. of column 60
Base dia 2 meter and
Topside dia 1 meter
34. • Concrete : cast in place and pre-stressed concrete used for
terminal facilities.
• Steel : rolled shaped steel for the tent pylons.
• Cables : plastic jacketed bridge strand (for stretching the tent).
• Tefloncoated fiberglass: high strength teflon – coated fiberglass
with an averageweight of 45oz. per sq. yard.
• Infill : precast concrete elementsare used.
• Finishing : a concrete floor for the support area is treated with apexy
for fire resistanceand as a heavy duty treatment.
MATERIALS
35. • A two way grid of pylons forms the low point of each membrane unit
while an open tensionring suspended by the cables from the top of
the pylons establishes its high point at the centreof each bay.A row
of double pylon portal frame provides a stiff edge for the modules.
• 21 pre-assembled tents were simultaneously raised into place. At the
same time, each membrane was stretched and pretension as the
inner ring was lifted and joined to thesuspended outer ring.
CONSTRUCTION
36.
37. • Self cleaning to ensurea lasting good visual appearance.
• Lightweight yet capableof carrying high tensile loads with little or no
long term creep.
• Good thermal insulation qualitiesto ensurethe comfort of the
pilgrims while at the same time providing sufficient
translucency to naturally illuminate the vast covered area
during daylight hours.
• Non combustible and non toxic when subjectedto fire.
• Easy to fabricate and ship.
• Easy to repair on site if required.
PROPERTIES OFFABRICMEMBRANE
