Monitoring Fresh and Coastal Waters with Landsat 8
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This document outlines a project using Landsat 8 satellite imagery to monitor fresh and coastal waters. It discusses using remote sensing and atmospheric correction techniques to retrieve water quality parameters from Landsat 8 data. The project aims to develop a water components product at Landsat 8's high spatial resolution of 30 meters, addressing the lack of such products from other ocean color satellites with lower resolution. Key steps will include atmospheric correction using the empirical line method, optical classification of inland and coastal waters, retrieval of biogeochemical parameters from Landsat 8 bands using a radiative transfer model, and validation with field measurements.
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Monitoring Fresh and Coastal Waters with Landsat 8
- 1. The Use of Landsat 8 for Monitoring of Fresh and Coastal Water By Javier A. Concha Presented in Universidad de Concepción, 01-‐10-‐14
- 2. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS ?
- 3. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – MoJvaJon – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 4. Remote Sensing (Percepción Remota) • “The field of study associated with extracJng informaJon about an object without coming into physical contact with it” (Scho], 2007)
- 5. Remote Sensing Passive AcJve * Wikipedia
- 6. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 7. Radiance, Reflectance and Atmospheric CorrecJon Radiance, L Sca]ering Reflectance, R ** • Radiance: radiaJon reflected by a surface and falls within a given solid angle in specific direcJon* • Reflectance: fracJon of incident electromagneJc power that is reflected at an interface* • Atmospheric Correc4on: process of removing the atmospheric effects* *definiJons: Wikipedia **figure: h]p://www.pancroma.com/Landsat%20Top%20of%20Atmosphere%20Reflectance.html
- 8. Atmospheric CorrecJon (con’t) Radiance, L Reflectance, R *h]p://geosphere.gsapubs.org/content/2/4/236.figures-‐only
- 9. Empirical Line Method (ELM) • Two pixels in the scenes with known reflectance • Linear relaJonship between radiance L and reflectance R • Conversion pixel by pixel Offset * Smith and Milton, 1999
- 10. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 11. Water OpJcal ClassificaJon • Case 1 Water: – Open Ocean – Chlorophyll is the main driver • Case 2 Water: – Inland and Coastal Waters – OpJcally complex – Significant levels of: • Chlorophyll-‐a • Suspended Materials • Colored dissolved organic ma=er (CDOM)
- 12. Case 2 Water *Scho], 2007
- 13. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 14. Landsat Program 40+ Years of Global ObservaJons!
- 15. Landsat-‐8 SpecificaJons • OpJcal Satellite (Passive) • MulJspectral satellite: 4 VIS, 1 NIR, 2 SWIR, 1 PanchromaJc spectral bands • SpaJal ResoluJon: 15/30/100 m • Temporal ResoluJon: 16 days • Bit depth: 12-‐bits quanJzaJon (4096 levels) • Push broom satellite
- 16. Landsat-‐8 – Spectral Bands Cirrus band Coastal Band (440 nm)
- 17. Landsat 8 -‐ QuanJzaJon ETM+ (8-bit) Landsat-‐7 OLI (12-bit) Landsat-‐8 * Courtesy of Dr. Aaron Gerace
- 18. Landsat 8 ETM+ Landsat-‐7 • About a factor of 5 improvement in SNR. OLI Landsat-‐8 * Courtesy of Dr. Aaron Gerace
- 19. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 20. HydroLight
- 22. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 23. MoJvaJon • Ocean color satellite (e.g. MODIS, VIRSS, SeaWiFS): global studies
- 24. MoJvaJon SpaJal ResoluJon: 1000 – 250 m MODIS 30 m Landsat-‐8
- 25. MoJvaJon • Product not available for medium spaJal resoluJon satellites • Monitoring the Earth’s fresh water supply: Create a water components product for fresh and coastal water
- 26. Hypothesis • “The L8 sensor can be uJlized to simultaneously quanJfy the concentraJon of water consJtuents (specifically chlorophyll, suspended solids, and colored dissolved organic ma]er) in fresh and coastal waters.”
- 27. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 28. Area of Study Lake Ontario, Rochester, NY: -‐ Lake Shoreline -‐ Genesse River Plume -‐ Ponds
- 29. Retrieval Process Atmospheric Correc4on Radiance CHL=? SM=? CDOM=? CDOM Reflectance CHL=3 SM=4 CDOM=7 CHL Retrieval (nonlinear opt. code)
- 30. DifficulJes • The signal leaving the water is small in comparison to the signal produced by the atmospheric effects (e.g. sca]ering) • Few spectral bands (5 bands) to capture all details in the signal leaving the water • Wider bands than the Ocean color satellite such as MODIS, SeaWiFS
- 31. Atmospheric CorrecJon • A Model Based Empirical Line Method (ELM) Atmospheric CorrecJon Method – Bright pixel : • Radiance (Data Spectra): Pseudo Invariant Features (PIF) from L8 image • Reflectance (Field Spectra): PIF from Landsat reflectance product (CDR) – Dark pixel: • Radiance (Data Spectra): water ROI from L8 image • Reflectance (Field Spectra): HydroLight (esJmated concentraJon)
- 32. ELM-‐based Atm. CorrecJon Method Pseudo Invariant Features mask
- 33. ELM-‐based Atm. CorrecJon Method Bright Pixel False color image (red = vegetaJon) City Pixels (Bright px)
- 34. ELM-‐based Atm. CorrecJon Method Bright and Dark Pixels Data Spectra Radiance [W/m^2/sr] Field Spectra Reflectance
- 35. Retrieval Process Atmospheric Correc4on Radiance CHL=? SM=? CDOM=? CDOM Reflectance CHL=3 SM=4 CDOM=7 CHL Retrieval (nonlinear opt. code)
- 36. Water Pixels Water Pixels Unknown ConcentraJons Water Mask
- 37. Retrieval Process Atmospheric Correc4on Radiance CHL=? SM=? CDOM=? CDOM Reflectance CHL=3 SM=4 CDOM=7 CHL Retrieval (nonlinear opt. code)
- 38. LUT: HydroLight • Case 2: 4-‐component IOP model 1. 2. 3. 4. Pure Water Chlorophyll-‐bearing parJcles CDOM Mineral ParJcles • Output: Water Leaving Reflectance Curves
- 39. LUT: HydroLight (con’t) LUT Known ConcentraJons
- 40. Retrieval Process Atmospheric Correc4on Radiance CHL=? SM=? CDOM=? CDOM Reflectance CHL=3 SM=4 CDOM=7 CHL Retrieval (nonlinear opt. code)
- 41. Non-‐linear OpJmizaJon RouJne Water Pixels LUT
- 42. Non-‐linear OpJmizaJon RouJne (con’t) • lsqnonlin in Matlab: Solve nonlinear least-‐squares (nonlinear data-‐fiyng) problems of the form ! ! • function f = myfun_mod(x0,f1,f2,f3,LUT,Ytest)! ...! ! ! !f = Ytest-F;! Where Ytest: pixel with unknown concentraJon F: esJmated curve from the LUT ! • It uses a tripolar interpolaJon to esJmate F.
- 44. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 45. Ground Truth Collect • Spring and Summer 2013, 2014: – When Landsat 8 passes over Rochester – Three successful images in 2013 • Data: – Water samples: IOPs and ConcentraJons – Reflectances
- 46. Ground Truth Collect Spectroradiometer Water Samples Water Leaving Reflectance Backsca]ering Lab Analysis
- 47. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 48. Lab Measurements Spectrophotometer FiltraJon and Spectophotometric Analysis IOPs HydroLight ConcentraJons
- 49. th Ground Truth Collect Sept 19
- 50. RIT Ground Truth CollecJon Summary Date 25-‐Aug 19-‐Sep 26-‐Sep IOPs Ponds Lake ✔ ✔ ✔ ✗ ✔ ✔ ConcentraJons Ponds Lake ✔ ✔ ✔ ✗ ✔ ✔ Reflectances Ponds Lake ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✔ ✔ Backsca]ering Ponds Lake ✗ ✔ ✗ ✗ ✔ ✔
- 51. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 52. Future Work • Include a glint correcJon • Try in a different water body • ValidaJon by comparing with products from ocean color satellites • IntegraJon with Hydrodynamics models
- 53. Take Home Points • Landsat-‐8 has great potenJal to help in fresh and coastal water quality studies • Atmospheric correcJon over water is a essenJal step • HydroLight is a excellent tool but needs specific water characterisJcs
- 54. Outline • DefiniJons – Remote Sensing – Atmospheric CorrecJon: ELM – Water OpJcal ClassificaJon – Satellite Landsat-‐8 – Physics Model: HydroLight • Project – Goal – Retrieval Process – Ground Truth Collect – Lab Measurements • Future Work and Take Home Points • RIT and IEEE-‐GRSS?
- 56. www.rit.edu/grad About RIT WHATEVER YOUR PASSION, YOU CAN MASTER IT AT RIT. Our Story – Private university – Founded in 1829 – Large suburban campus – Top 15 largest private universities in the U.S. Student Body – 17,600 students – 2,900 graduate students – 110 countries represented – 106,000+ alumni
- 57. www.rit.edu/grad Academic Programs ü Business, Management, Communication ü Computing & Information Sciences ü Education, Humanities, Social Sciences ü Engineering, Engineering Technology ü Photography, Film, Design, Fine Arts, Graphic Communications ü Science, Health Sciences, Mathematics, Imaging Science ü Sustainability GOLISANO COMPUTING & INFORMATION SCIENCES 70+ graduate 6 PhD programs
- 58. www.rit.edu/grad The World at RIT PREPARING YOU FOR A GLOBAL SOCIETY BY EXPERIENCING IT. § § § § 1,831 international students on RIT’s main campus 110 countries represented 3 international campuses Real-world business projects for multi-national firms
- 59. www.rit.edu/grad Financial Aid and Scholarships – Scholarships, based on merit – Graduate Assistantships – Sponsored Research & Fellowships – Student Employment (8,000 campus jobs available) In 2011-12, R IT provided over $16.5 million in aid to appro ximately 2,100 gradua te students
- 60. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society ( IEEE GRSS ) slide 60
- 61. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE is the largest academic and professional society in the world - 425,000 MEMBERS IN 160 COUNTRIES - 160,000 + STUDENT MEMBERS - 38 SOCIETIES AND 7 TECHNICAL COUNCILS REPRESENTING WIDE RANGING IEEE TECHNICAL INTERESTS
- 62. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE GRSS (Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society) - ONE OF 38 IEEE SOCIETIES - 3400 MEMBERS IN 94 COUNTRIES - 41 REGIONAL CHAPTERS
- 63. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society Earth Science, Imaging Systems and Spatial Analysis à Geoscience and Remote Sensing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Optical imaging systems Hyperspectral imaging systems Lidar systems and applications Radar altimetry and applications Microwave imaging radar systems Microwave and mm-wave radiometer systems Geospatial information processing and applications in Earth and Planetary systems
- 64. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE GRSS Applications ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Earth’s Environment Monitoring Earth’s Biomass Monitoring and Analyses Monitoring & Mitigation of Natural Hazards Urban Studies/Planning Natural Resource Exploration Space & Planetary Exploration and Applications etc.
- 65. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE GRSS Join us ! www.grss-ieee.org slide 65
- 66. Landsat 8 – Concepción
- 67. Landsat 8 – Concepción Javier A. Concha jxc4005@rit.edu QUESTIONS?