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1. Introduction:
The Oxford dictionary defines the word “Selfie” as “A photograph that one has taken of
oneself, typically one taken with a smart phone or webcam and shared via social media:”
(Oxford, 2015). Selfie is thus, as defined by Oxford as a photograph clicked by someone of
themselves and posted on a social media site such as Twitter Facebook or Instagram etc.
Selfie(s) are becoming quite a rage nowadays, from common men and women to celebrities
and even some heads of states posting selfies of themselves on social media networks.
As Mcluhan and the visual architect Quentin Fiore demonstrate to us in The Medium
is the Massage (through pictures of circuit sheets, phonographs, books, film stills, daily paper
clippings, mirrors, apparel, railroad tracks, and so forth.), media are constantly encapsulated,
and, in that capacity, really obliged and particular. (Levin, 2014) One of the most punctual
advanced models of media, Newton created the idea of the aether to portray the components
behind any collaboration at a separation. (Levin, 2014)As the name infers, Newton's aether
was initially developed as a methods for clarifying both his explores different avenues
regarding the visual spectra of light and his translation of how light empowers sight – the
impression of articles at an evacuate. In doing along these lines, it finished his entirely causal,
material understanding of the universe by working as an universal open medium. (Levin,
2014)
2. Selfie in today’s Digital Era:
Newton's hypothesis of the aether conflates the solitary and plural essences of
medium and media through the equivalency of an universal substrate of intuitiveness with the
different media (electromagnetic spectra – Newton's waves and beams of light) through
which the aether is deductively noticeable and subject to trial confirmation and numerical
work. (Levin, 2014) The work of mid-century data scholars, for example, Claude Shannon,
shows a comparable inclination to conflate the plural and particular implications of media
and medium. Nonetheless, while Newton's hypothesis of the aether augmented visual media
by making an interpretation of them into the primary medium of association, Shannon
minimized media majority trying to make universal standards for electronic telecom. (Levin,
2014)
This minimization takes the type of an auxiliary interpretation, from media into signs,
by method for which the message is stripped of its media intentions so it may be transmitted
and got electronically. (Levin, 2014) Shannon accordingly endeavors to make a sort of
microcosmic Newtonian aether, an universal medium of correspondence contrived through
methods of encoding and unraveling that evacuate media-particular data (the messages of
other media) from the sign. Doing so permits Shannon to create a numerical model for the
transmission of exposed "data," (Levin, 2014) inside particular points of confinement of
velocity (bit-rates) and exactness (noise).
While work by figures, for example, Shannon has demonstrated instrumental to the
usage and on-going advancement of huge scale data foundations (like the web), the
requirement on the performative parameters of interchanges innovations displays a propensity
towards media solipsism in which the intentions of content, sound, picture and film advances
are subsumed by the interpretation of media-messages into signs suitable for digital
transmission. (Levin, 2014) This inclination is plainly communicated by Warren Weaver in
first experience with Shannon's Mathematical Theory of Communication, in his claim that
from the viewpoint of correspondences hypothesis the English dialect is half repetitive – a
claim that, in lieu of the remarkably truncated types of English produced for contemporary
digital correspondence, may appear an under-estimation. (Levin, 2014) The outcome is a
general subversion of media, and a multiplication of arrangements (doc, mp3, jpg, pdf, mpeg,
avi, and so forth.), (Levin, 2014) created to meet the execution prerequisites of squeezing,
data-trade rates, RAM and the stipulations of digital bases for data transmission.8 Data now
supplant, in numerous occurrences, the nuanced separations in significance between media,
with the web taking on the position of Newton's luminiferous aether, and standing as an
universal standard of correspondence.
3. Ethnography:
Running counter to the media reduction of the physical sciences, common scholars,
antiquarians, and later researcher kept up the first Latin separation in the middle of medium
and media. This can be seen in the way that French material and common thinkers
consolidated Newton's hypothesis of the aether into their own oeuvres. (Hine, n.d)The French
interpretation of aether is milieu, a term used to depict any particular material substrate. This
definition is especially obvious in the work of Jean-Baptist Lamarck, who utilized it to depict
how physical situations (milieus) influence morphogenetic change in living organisms.
For Lamarck, a milieu spoke to an interesting physical substance (water, air, light),
the interminable workings of which advise the horrible morphological attributes of animals.
(Hine, n.d)In Lamarck's hypothesis of development, formative adjustments are dependably
physically and ecologically obliged and particular to specific milieus.10 According to
Lamarck's evolutionary model, the exceptional qualities procured by a living being as a result
of its imbrications inside specific milieus may be exchanged to that creature's offspring, a
methodology known as epigenesist. (Hine, n.d)
This model of milieu was received and reached out by Ernst Haeckel in his meaning
of "biology." (Hine, n.d) Haeckel authored the term to incorporate not just the material
influences of ecological media (like water, light and air), additionally the different plant,
creature and land datum (temperature, geography, and so on.), all of which encroach upon the
morphological verbalization and survival of living organic entities. In Haeckel's terms, the
network of drives that include a living being's biology characterize the conditions to which
that life form is "adapted." As such, nature outlines the formational connecting of media
influencing natural development through their tireless impact. (Hine, n.d)
Haeckel's consolidation of the Lamarckian model of milieus joins frameworks of
Darwinian choice with those of epigenesist. (Hine, n.d)Generally, Haeckel contended for a
crossover evolutionary model, in which the randomness of natural emphasis portrayed by
Darwin is educated by the submersion of an organic entity (or gathering of living beings)
inside settled associational and material systems. Haeckel's hypothesis of nature served to
depict the transformational strengths bending natural development. (Hine, n.d)
Haeckel acquainted a second idea with record for the constancy of structure after
some time – the biogenetic law. (Hine, n.d) In its least difficult definition, this law expresses
that ontogeny (the current morphology of a life form) summarizes phylogeny (the recorded
manifestations of the phylum). Haeckel showed this law through an embryonic succession, in
which each one phase of growth is checked by an alternate set of traits, until the current
morphology is attained to (Hine, n.d). This gestational procedure serves as a restricting
component for morphological deviation, even as the different and variable powers of
environment work towards expanded formal separation. Haeckel's speculations of nature and
restatement in this way represent both the chronicled coherence of structure spoke to by an
organic entity's phylogeny, and the unobtrusive varieties revealed by a creature's ontogeny
(developing structure). While the particulars of Haeckel's speculations have not survived the
development of the natural sciences, the basic compels that he depicted are still an essential
part of contemporary evolutionary and environmental science. At the hereditary level, the
genome assigns the inborn natural constraints illuminating an organic entity's ability for
transformation or advancement; it serves as both a variable lattice taking into consideration
conceivable evolutionary transfiguration and as a truly created arrangement of restatement
binds life forms to their hereditary legacy. Alternately, ecologies, which portray systems of
affiliation going from terrible local attributes, for example, atmosphere, geography and
geology, to close biotic groups, for example, those characterized by sustenance connections,
give the ecological connection to potential future adjustment, as obliged by frameworks of
Darwinian rivalry. (Hine, n.d)
Connected to what may be known as the mechanical phylum, Haeckel's ideas of
biological advancement and hereditary reiteration help portray both the natural chronicled
inactivity of media, and their ability for development. (Hine, n.d)Accordingly, the
evolutionary capability of any medium is characterized by horde variables natural to the
medium all things considered, including its material organization, fundamental hierarchical
standard and/or one of a kind usefulness. Notwithstanding these characteristic evolutionary
parameters are the outward compels of media ecologies, for example, material accessibility,
the headway or elimination of specific types of assembling, the rise of contending or
reciprocal media ideal models and the improvement and support of essential frameworks.
The same may be said of media antiques, in the same way as the selfie, whose late
wealth speaks to a conversion of new media (cell phones and tablets), all the more spatially
disseminated and speedier remote systems and professed social proclivities towards online
representation toward oneself and development. The later have been energized through the
ubiquity of interpersonal interaction destinations like Facebook and Twitter and the
application ecologies that undeniably help them. (Hine, n.d) Yet, even as selfies are
enmeshed inside rising ideal models, such versatile figuring and person to person
communication, they likewise display a propensity towards innovative and tasteful
restatement, including the utilization of channels that copy more seasoned photographic
advances or the repeat of entrenched and mainstream stylish tropes. This reassertion of
customary structures not just retards the evolutionary advancement of the Selfie, additionally
educates the development of new ideal models.
The part of the ethnographer is to watch, record, and dissect these practices, to present
them in another light. The investigation of social relics, of records where proper, is a to a
degree optional gadget in which they are analyzed as "social items" (Hammersley and
Atkinson, 1983:137 cited by (Hine, n.d)). This is, obviously a venture forward from utilizing
them as unimportant wellsprings of auxiliary data, as Hammersley and Atkinson bring up. On
the other hand, Hine (n.d)contends that helping out an ethnography through the medium of a
technology6 brings into inquiry the part which advances have so far played in ethnography,
and recommend that this restricted part likewise constrains the conclusion which can be
drawn. Ethnography has turned into a typical peculiarity of studies in the social science of
investigative information (SSK) and in social investigations of engineering. It is proposed
that it is through this nearby consideration regarding the working practices of science and of
mechanical improvement that we may see the social exertion which goes into the
development of an investigative reality or the coagulated social relations which are contained
inside a specialized relic It is recommended, by an alternate strand of ethnographic research
in specialized settings, that by such close regard for every day working practices we may
have the capacity to aid in the outline of better advances, those which all the more nearly
reflect the fact of working life. (Hine, n.d) This last strand has little to do with the
examination questions with which I am concerned: how it is that research facility advances,
especially data innovation, are incorporated into the experimental exploration and certainty
development process. Hine (n.d) focusses to a more noteworthy degree on the SSK
ethnographies, concerned as they so frequently are with unpacking the secret elements of
exploratory realities. (Hine, n.d)I draw on three of the more conspicuous ethnographies did in
the innovative setting of the research facility over late years9. In every Hine (n.d) looks to
analyze the methodology taken by the ethnographer at the engineering trying to define a
method for joining these "social relics" into the ethnography in a manner which provides for
them conspicuousness. Specifically, Hine (n.d) goes to the part which the advances utilized in
exploratory exploration play in these ethnographies, with a specific end goal to create a
contention on the degree to which the ethnographers get to be included with the innovations
which structure a piece of the setting contemplated, and the courses in which these
specialized settings are dealt with as obliging an unique methodology from the ethnographer,
diverse to the methodologies utilized as a part of all the more generally "primitive" settings.
(Hine, n.d)In a standout amongst the most popular SSK ethnographies, Latour and Woolgar's
"Lab Life" (1986), the engineering of the research center is gone to by the ethnographer as a
key gimmick in the development of logical actuality. It is through the activity of research
center advances as engraving gadgets that these machines principally enter the ethnography.
(Hine, n.d) The engraving gadgets work in the research facility as makers of permanent
mobiles, engravings which through their evidently perpetual nature, their cases to speak to an
impression of a basic reality, and their improvement of the activity at a separation of a
specialist through their versatility, assume such an extensive part in the development of
investigative truth and the capacity of the lab to be stretched out to the world on the loose.
(Hine, n.d)
4. Netnography:
As unrealistic as it may appear, selfies help reinforce companionships. Selfies aren't
fundamentally some unusual rage or a viral pattern among young people. While they might in
some cases simply be a type of young vanity, it is accepted that they are vital in the digital
age as a manifestation of correspondence, proclamation toward oneself and documentation.
The new social world is on the web. Web infiltration rates proceed with their
worldwide ascension. (Kozinets, 2010)Sensibly, we can say that over a billion individuals
now take an interest in different types of social networking. We are amidst an innovation
drove mutual upheaval.
The suggestions for advertisers, showcasing scientists, and directors of all stripes are
boundless. Customers are offering assorted types of feelings and data with one another about
amazing panoply of items, retailers, and brands. (Kozinets, 2010) The online environment
offers us about boundless access to customer to-purchaser interchanges that are: Applicable
and itemized. Got in an inconspicuous way, and realistic in an opportune, liable, and
productive way. This data is crude. It is true. (Kozinets, 2010)Advertisers have reacted by
starting to incorporate online networking with their showcasing plans, their publicizing and
special fights. However as far as purchaser knowledge, showcasing is overwhelmed by the
same old strategies. The move to manufacture rich understanding with the cornucopia of
online buyer data is simply starting.
Connected to business and showcasing needs, netnography constructs profound
customer bits of knowledge that give: All-grasping depictions of the commercial center
sections, item groupings, trait sets Realistic perception of online correspondence classes,
patterns, images, pictures Social understandings of buyer decision influencers, (Kozinets,
2010) adopters, WOM properties Natural perspectives of brand importance deciphering bona
fide purchaser dialect and terms, and in addition visual and varying media investigation
Embedded disclosures of purchaser development situated in lead client, and innovativeness
Contrast netnography with the center gathering or study data commanding the universe of
customer knowledge research. Focus gatherings offer point by point and significant data. In
any case they are inspired, prominent and totally manufactured. (Kozinets, 2010)
The one-time bunch progresses are manufactured and bizarre. (Kozinets,
2010)Surveys are simulated, prominent, and evoked. (Kozinets, 2010)We frequently have no
chance to get of knowing whether our review questions are significant to the purchasers'
reality. Both center gatherings and studies can be costly. Think about that as a national set of
center gatherings can undoubtedly run in the many thousands.
Netnography is the Marketer's Secret Weapon How Social Media Understanding
Drives Innovation. There are right now just a handful of far-located organizations that lead
netnography. (Kozinets, 2010) Despite the fact that it is presently all inclusive secured in the
scholastic universe of shopper and showcasing research, the very idea of online ethnography
is still obscure to most advertisers, item chiefs, advertising specialists, and item advancement
and shopper knowledge pros. You have to peruse it in light of the fact that netnography offers
a sharp new shaft in the shopper examination tremble, a compelling new device for the
advertising workbench. Then again, on the off chance that you favour Sun Tzu's "The Art of
War"… Netnography is the advertiser's mystery weapon for.
There are various approaches to study consumer behaviour in the online social world.
Here are a couple of the real ones: We can review individuals and get some information about
their practices. We can track and follow online practices and clickstreams. We can set up
online center gatherings, boards, and manufactured groups. We can code, inventory and sort
data. (Kozinets, 2010)
The way to netnography, and what makes it unique in relation to systems like center
gatherings, overviews, CRM data models, clickstream following, and even simulated groups,
is this: Netnography is centered on social bits of knowledge. Netnography is diverse on the
grounds that it treats online correspondences not as minor "substance," however as social
communication, as installed representation of significance, and as social curio. Netnography
gives careful consideration to setting. Netnography looks not simply at the words introduce in
social connections, however at the gathering components, the communicator qualities, the
dialect, the history, the significance, the sort of cooperation. (Kozinets, 2010) It inspects
textual styles, separating, images, writings, pictures, photographs, and features. And, in the
same way as its ancestor ethnography: It is naturalistic, after social declaration to its online
appearances. It is immersive, drawing the specialist into a captivated, deeper understanding.
It is unmistakable, trying to pass on the rich reality of contemporary shoppers' lives, with the
majority of their covered up social implications and additionally their vivid representation,
drawings, images, sounds, photographs, and features. (Kozinets, 2010)It is multi-technique,
joining great with different techniques, both online and off, for example, interviews and
videography. Like all techniques, netnography regularly works stunningly better when
triangulated with other wellsprings of knowledge. Case in point, supplement netnography
with focused on overviews to accept the replicability of discoveries. It is versatile, moving
easily from newsgroups to sites, wikis, virtual planets, informal communication destinations,
podcasting and portable online/logged off groups, and whatever else the future has in store.
As any individual who has utilized a web search tool to examine a theme knows,
Internet data is simple. Sort the brand name "Listerine" into the principle Google web search
tool and you will be confronted with pretty nearly 907,000 hits. It is generally simple for
somebody to download a couple of dozen of these pages and gathering posts about the brand,
survey and condense them, and then to pass themselves off as an online anthropologist.
Notwithstanding, something would be absent. There are prone to be no less than two
noteworthy issues with the 907,000 or something like that hits about the Listerine brand, or
some other famous brand, item, or business sector class that we may be occupied with
researching. (Kozinets, 2010) In the first place, there are a wide range of interchanges going
ahead on the double, and this makes discovering the examination fitting interchanges
troublesome. (Kozinets, 2010) There is publicizing, official correspondences, spam,
advancements, and reposts existing together with the social, buyer to-customer collaborations
that drive netnography. Google just provides for us the initial 1,000 hits. (Kozinets,
2010)And even with those thousand hits, we confront a circumstance of wealth. More is not
generally better. Regardless of the possibility that we were to rise above the regular web
search tool's constraint, the possibility of physically downloading and perusing a huge
number of online collaborations is an overwhelming time duty. Netnography requires the
analyst to explore the scope of applicable social action happening in online social spaces.
These social spaces have been becoming huge both in volume and in assortment. On account
of these two truths, I have discovered it progressively significant to have quality
programming instruments as a subordinate to netnography. (Kozinets, 2010)
5. Selfies in the real world:
When we first hear the expression "Selfie," what do we consider? Is it accurate to say
that it is a young lady with a "duck face" at a gathering on Facebook, or a fellow directing his
iPhone at the mirror toward record his late workout? MySpace was the first mass informal
organization. Then again, the Selfie was initially begat on Flickr in 2004. Presently
everybody's dashboard on every person to person communication site is loaded with
photographs individuals took of themselves and their companions. Each one revive of the
"Investigate" page on Instagram guarantees an alternate 50 selfies transferred inside 10
seconds.
Selfie society, however shocking it may appear to numerous people, has gotten to be
genuinely pertinent throughout today's high school era. (Miller, 2014) With the advancement
of cell phone cams, especially the Samsung Galaxy and IPhone, youngsters are joined by
grown-ups and kids in the mission for every day Instagram posts, hourly Facebook overhauls,
and moment by-moment Snap chats.
Obviously, one needs to ask, what urges us to take pictures of ourselves to send to our
companions or post on an open discussion? It is safe to say that it is immaculate narcissism,
or more than that?
It is seen that young ladies who take every day selfies to post to Instagram. As of
October 2013, there have been about 40 million posts containing "#Selfie" under their labels.
(Miller, 2014)Instagram was the origination of the Selfie, as men and ladies started posting
pictures of their surroundings, as well as themselves. (Miller, 2014)
For friends who live apart, Snapchatting is really one of the best manifestations of
correspondence. (Miller, 2014) Despite everything it considers a cosy companionship, on the
grounds that we can see one another's faces consistently, rather than simply messaging or
talking. (Miller, 2014)There's something extraordinary about Snapchatting in that way, on the
grounds that its unique in relation to simply words flying over and over again. Like
Instagram, its pictures from genuine living. Snapchatting is extraordinary on the grounds that
it is an eye to eye trade that doesn't include the dedication of Skype. One can undoubtedly
have a "discussion" with somebody for the duration of the day essentially by how we send
pictures over and over again. (Miller, 2014)
6. Conclusions:
As discussed in the course of this paper, Selfies are becoming more and more popular with
the help of technological advanced gadgets such as smart phones and tablets. Twitter,
Facebook, Instagram are some of the leaders when it comes to posting Selfies by people. The
Selfie (as discussed earlier) has become a global phenomenon and is extremely popular,
especially amongst children and young adults, with a median age of 23.7 years. (Selfiecity,
2015). Additionally, if one were to carefully dissect the demographics of the Selfie culture,
we would find that women are generally more active in clicking selfies than their male
counterparts. (Selfiecity, 2015) However, these figures may be misleading in a sense of
totality. It is found that only 4% of total users on various social networking websites actually
click selfies. (Selfiecity, 2015). Major world cities such as Bangkok, Berlin, New York, Sao
Paulo and Moscow are the leading in terms of their people clicking Selfies. (Selfiecity, 2015).
Most of the Selfie tweets on Twitter.com are from users who have in excess of 60,000
followers. [Appendix 1].
The Selfie culture is here to stay, for the time being anyway. However, there have
been various outcry in the recent past when youths have clicked Selfies at funerals and even
Nazi Concentration Camp sites. Citing these events as misguided teenage phenomenon,
people have come down heavily on these youths. However, some people argue that clicking
Selfies have been in vogue ever since the camera was first introduced.
References:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Hine,C. (n.d) 'VIRTUALETHNOGRAPHY', Centre forResearch into Innovation,
Cultureand Technology.
Kozinets,R.V.(2010) 'Netnography:The Marketer’sSecretWeapon', NETBASE,March.
Levin,A.(2014) theSelfie in the ageof Digital Recursion,[Online],Available: HYPERLINK
"http://ivc.lib.rochester.edu/portfolio/the-selfie-in-the-age-of-digital-recursion/"
http://ivc.lib.rochester.edu/portfolio/the-selfie-in-the-age-of-digital-recursion/ [05 January2015].
Miller,C.(2014) Selfie Culture,24 January,[Online],Available: HYPERLINK
"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/casey-miller/teens-and-selfies_b_4218454.html"
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/casey-miller/teens-and-selfies_b_4218454.html [05 January2015].
Oxford(2015) selfie, [Online],Available: HYPERLINK
"http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/selfie"
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/selfie [05January 2015].
Selfiecity(2015) DataSets, [Online],Available: HYPERLINK"http://selfiecity.net/" l "dataset"
http://selfiecity.net/#dataset [05 January2015].
Appendices:
APPENDIX 1:
User
Name
Nick
nam
e Biocontent
Fo
llo
w
er
s
Fo
llo
wi
ng
Keyw
ord
Repe
tition
s
Follow
er/Foll
owing
ratio
To
tal
Fa
vs
To
tal
Lis
ts
Fortun
e
Magaz
ine
Fort
une
Mag
azin
e
FORTUNE's official Twitterfeed.Here'swhat
we're hearing,seeing,readingandwriting.
Visitusat http://t.co/EZnUYxNm
14
78
36
9
49
8 1
2968.
61245
15
0
18
40
3
stern
ster
nde
Die NachrichtendesTagesin140 Zeichenvon
stern.de.WennSie wissenmöchten,wer
hinterdenTweetssteckt,hierentlang:
http://t.co/y5rGRMlShr
56
77
62
76
6 1
741.2
03655
4
11
10
40
22
Kendri
ck
Lamar
Ken
ndri
ckLa
mar
My Tweetsare here toinspire.NOTaffiliated
withthe amazingrapperKendrickLamar.[#1
Fan/ParodyAccount] #TalkLessTweetMore
55
55
09
78
15
2 1
7.108
05865
5
73
8
J. Cole
JCol
eDC
My Tweetsare here toinspire.Iam notJ
Cole. NOTaffiliatedwiththe amazingJCole.
[#1 Fan/ParodyAccount]
#TalkLessTweetMore
51
23
08
19
93
77 1
2.569
54413
58
4
Avery
buga
ttibe
ez idgaf,bye.youtuber.
22
79
79
17
62 1
129.3
86492
6
10
53
7
66
8
Jayde
n
Jayme
s
Jayd
enJa
yme
s
Model,Feature Dancer& Event Hostess,
exclusivelyathttp://t.co/dcp4VSIMwL
22
57
31 58 1
3891.
91379
3
15
95
17
38
Seven
24Like
local
tour
key
All about#life and#like...
http://t.co/Kbgxz5p73g...#NYC#HOLIDAY
#TIPs & #FACTs
...Plzlike USonFB http://t.co/T2vY4BY79g
15
03
58
15
55
58 2
0.966
57195
4
10
69
84
9
Alexis
From
TX
Mad
_Hu
mor
I'm selfish,impatient,andalittle insecure.I
make mistakes,andat timeshardto handle.
12
59
71
71
36
1 1
1.765
26394
13
42
27
44
5
Yoncé
⛵
BAR
RYCL
ERJU
STE
@ my name,@ my name,if no one isaround
you,tweetBarry I Love You if youain't runnin
game
10
74
76
52
37
1 1
2.052
20446
4
18
87
0 95
Bruno
Mars
Brun
oMa
rsNY
C
The Bruno Mars Twitter(ParodyAccount) I
can't taste mylips,couldyoudo itfor me ?
#TalkLessTweetMore
10
74
51 1
10745
1 2
13
0
Notori
ous
B.I.G
Noto
rious
B_l_
God blesshissoul,restinpeace,kid.It’s
because of himnowat leastI know what beef
is.Name that artist.Postinglyricsof the
10
21
09
67
81
9 1
1.505
61052
2
11
65
12
11
7
G greatestrappers.
Kurt
Hanso
n
Nati
veSe
nses
Social Media... http://t.co/YPd7bCi9H7
...Journalist,writerandblogger.Dadof two
preciouspearls!Lovesnatural life...
http://t.co/SSuouA85CX
82
72
4
89
32
0 3
0.926
15315
7
25
7
67
3
Aubrie
Wynn
Aubr
ieW
ynn8
8
ProfessionalTroublemaker,HeartBreaker,
Music Lover,Part time Model, Vampire
Slayer.Vote 4 My FriendAlexis
http://t.co/bv1bxE6QE1 Onpage 2
81
02
2
63
53
4 1
1.275
25419
5
12
33
78
20
8
←※
★•·☆
☆·•★
※→
asspl
osiv
e
(18+ NSFW) I love beautiful girls,carsand
livingoutoutmy dreams.Postingmyfavorite
photosand happyto repostclassy,sexy
photos.(owner@sexiestfaces)
78
06
2
84
1 1
92.82
04518
4
99
6
36
1
Kerri
Slater
_Ker
riBe
ar_
God please give me patience,if yougive me
strengthI will justpunchtheminthe face.
72
71
6
26
89
9 1
2.703
29752
10
76
13 58
Amy
Laira
Seve
n24L
ife
I am here to make yourday beautiful...#Yoga
#Doga #Selflove ‫תקומה‬
69
90
0
14
47
6 2
4.828
68195
6
10
4 62
Jessica
Rowe
Styli
stJes
si
Imperfectionisbeauty,MadnessisGenius,
and itsbetterto be AbsoloutelyRidiculous
thenAbsoloutelyBoring.
68
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132.0
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18
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18
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49
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22
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Dial
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15
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47.94
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Justin
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15
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14
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oveb
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12
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11
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11
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UTH
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11
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95
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Gracia
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87
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31
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5
25
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peterk
irn
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81
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18
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4.315
11936
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11
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Lonny
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um
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79
08
72
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1.085
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14
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Arica
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76
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1.453
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43
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John
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n
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onQ
uots
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75
49
77
28 1
0.976
83747
4 1 27
|Penis
propel
ler™|
Dokt
or_F
reak
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75
05
37
1 1
20.22
91105
1
13
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36
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3
Disney
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s
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ney dontyou still followus??
74
37
76
18 1
0.976
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3 6 34
s loves
n☽
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ingcr
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74
29
30
50 1
2.435
73770
5
39
12
8 68
vicky
heav
ykid
mgc
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70
95 56 1
126.6
96428
6
11
47
6 44
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Calis
tajd I TweetJay-ZLyricsEveryday.Enjoyit..
67
71
69
51 1
0.974
10444
5 9 11
Home
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elfies
hom
ema
dese
lfies
Amateur#Selfiesand awesome mobile
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59
03
48
38 1
1.220
13228
6
10
7 13
Barne
y
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n
Barn
eySti
inss
on
Whenyouget sad,you stopbeingsad,you
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56
70
58
52 1
0.968
89952
2 15
Konbi
ni
konb
ini
Konbini isthe newcreative social feedabout
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all pop everything
55
47
41
6 1
13.33
41346
2
92
1 63
Girl's
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_mi
nd
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52
73
54
46 1
0.968
23356
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ain`°
ilarr
ygfx Raconteur.
51
40
19
01 1
2.703
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4
21
74 35
PLS RT
LINK
IN BIO
giggl
yxcli
ffxrd
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50
55
33
33 1
1.516
65166
5
10
74
1 20
Shoaib
Taimu
r
shob
z
The Middle of Nowhere,the centre of
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Anglophile.
49
90
12
86 1
3.880
24883
4
21
32
15
8
Jaylee
is
amazi
ng.
The_
_da
mseI
s_
49
67
47
01 1
1.056
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6 4 1
Mike
Litoris
NoS
elfie
z
If My GlassIs Half Empty,ThenI've SpilledMy
Whiskey.IFightNinjasOn Mon.Fart
DiamondsOnWed.& Sample Free Pizzason 46
32
27
9 1
16.60
21505
4
22
88
4 1
Secret
s
unto
ld_fa
ctss
Learn aboutall untoldsecretsinlife.Bestof
themare chosenforyou.:)
45
84
34
26 1
1.338
00350
3 15
Elma
Placer
es
Diepp
a
mzel
ma
Culturallyambidextrousrenaissance woman.
Latina byblood. Americanbybirth. Bitchy
by nature.Alsotweetingfrom
@L_AmeriGringa~ RT's ≠ endorse
45
74
35
22 1
1.298
69392
4 18
19
5
-
Sya
mim
Syah
irah
44
70
81
7 1
5.471
23623
15
0 3
Julius
Geech
iie
Polo
_Sm
ash
reguardlessof howitgoesdownlife goeson
rememberthatandyou will succeed#235
44
59
28
49 1
1.565
11056
5 1 5
[Source: http://analytics.followthehashtag.com/#!/search/selfies?id=dashboard]

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Waw laqu8401

  • 1. 1. Introduction: The Oxford dictionary defines the word “Selfie” as “A photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smart phone or webcam and shared via social media:” (Oxford, 2015). Selfie is thus, as defined by Oxford as a photograph clicked by someone of themselves and posted on a social media site such as Twitter Facebook or Instagram etc. Selfie(s) are becoming quite a rage nowadays, from common men and women to celebrities and even some heads of states posting selfies of themselves on social media networks. As Mcluhan and the visual architect Quentin Fiore demonstrate to us in The Medium is the Massage (through pictures of circuit sheets, phonographs, books, film stills, daily paper clippings, mirrors, apparel, railroad tracks, and so forth.), media are constantly encapsulated, and, in that capacity, really obliged and particular. (Levin, 2014) One of the most punctual advanced models of media, Newton created the idea of the aether to portray the components behind any collaboration at a separation. (Levin, 2014)As the name infers, Newton's aether was initially developed as a methods for clarifying both his explores different avenues regarding the visual spectra of light and his translation of how light empowers sight – the impression of articles at an evacuate. In doing along these lines, it finished his entirely causal, material understanding of the universe by working as an universal open medium. (Levin, 2014) 2. Selfie in today’s Digital Era: Newton's hypothesis of the aether conflates the solitary and plural essences of medium and media through the equivalency of an universal substrate of intuitiveness with the different media (electromagnetic spectra – Newton's waves and beams of light) through which the aether is deductively noticeable and subject to trial confirmation and numerical work. (Levin, 2014) The work of mid-century data scholars, for example, Claude Shannon,
  • 2. shows a comparable inclination to conflate the plural and particular implications of media and medium. Nonetheless, while Newton's hypothesis of the aether augmented visual media by making an interpretation of them into the primary medium of association, Shannon minimized media majority trying to make universal standards for electronic telecom. (Levin, 2014) This minimization takes the type of an auxiliary interpretation, from media into signs, by method for which the message is stripped of its media intentions so it may be transmitted and got electronically. (Levin, 2014) Shannon accordingly endeavors to make a sort of microcosmic Newtonian aether, an universal medium of correspondence contrived through methods of encoding and unraveling that evacuate media-particular data (the messages of other media) from the sign. Doing so permits Shannon to create a numerical model for the transmission of exposed "data," (Levin, 2014) inside particular points of confinement of velocity (bit-rates) and exactness (noise). While work by figures, for example, Shannon has demonstrated instrumental to the usage and on-going advancement of huge scale data foundations (like the web), the requirement on the performative parameters of interchanges innovations displays a propensity towards media solipsism in which the intentions of content, sound, picture and film advances are subsumed by the interpretation of media-messages into signs suitable for digital transmission. (Levin, 2014) This inclination is plainly communicated by Warren Weaver in first experience with Shannon's Mathematical Theory of Communication, in his claim that from the viewpoint of correspondences hypothesis the English dialect is half repetitive – a claim that, in lieu of the remarkably truncated types of English produced for contemporary digital correspondence, may appear an under-estimation. (Levin, 2014) The outcome is a general subversion of media, and a multiplication of arrangements (doc, mp3, jpg, pdf, mpeg, avi, and so forth.), (Levin, 2014) created to meet the execution prerequisites of squeezing,
  • 3. data-trade rates, RAM and the stipulations of digital bases for data transmission.8 Data now supplant, in numerous occurrences, the nuanced separations in significance between media, with the web taking on the position of Newton's luminiferous aether, and standing as an universal standard of correspondence. 3. Ethnography: Running counter to the media reduction of the physical sciences, common scholars, antiquarians, and later researcher kept up the first Latin separation in the middle of medium and media. This can be seen in the way that French material and common thinkers consolidated Newton's hypothesis of the aether into their own oeuvres. (Hine, n.d)The French interpretation of aether is milieu, a term used to depict any particular material substrate. This definition is especially obvious in the work of Jean-Baptist Lamarck, who utilized it to depict how physical situations (milieus) influence morphogenetic change in living organisms. For Lamarck, a milieu spoke to an interesting physical substance (water, air, light), the interminable workings of which advise the horrible morphological attributes of animals. (Hine, n.d)In Lamarck's hypothesis of development, formative adjustments are dependably physically and ecologically obliged and particular to specific milieus.10 According to Lamarck's evolutionary model, the exceptional qualities procured by a living being as a result of its imbrications inside specific milieus may be exchanged to that creature's offspring, a methodology known as epigenesist. (Hine, n.d) This model of milieu was received and reached out by Ernst Haeckel in his meaning of "biology." (Hine, n.d) Haeckel authored the term to incorporate not just the material influences of ecological media (like water, light and air), additionally the different plant, creature and land datum (temperature, geography, and so on.), all of which encroach upon the morphological verbalization and survival of living organic entities. In Haeckel's terms, the
  • 4. network of drives that include a living being's biology characterize the conditions to which that life form is "adapted." As such, nature outlines the formational connecting of media influencing natural development through their tireless impact. (Hine, n.d) Haeckel's consolidation of the Lamarckian model of milieus joins frameworks of Darwinian choice with those of epigenesist. (Hine, n.d)Generally, Haeckel contended for a crossover evolutionary model, in which the randomness of natural emphasis portrayed by Darwin is educated by the submersion of an organic entity (or gathering of living beings) inside settled associational and material systems. Haeckel's hypothesis of nature served to depict the transformational strengths bending natural development. (Hine, n.d) Haeckel acquainted a second idea with record for the constancy of structure after some time – the biogenetic law. (Hine, n.d) In its least difficult definition, this law expresses that ontogeny (the current morphology of a life form) summarizes phylogeny (the recorded manifestations of the phylum). Haeckel showed this law through an embryonic succession, in which each one phase of growth is checked by an alternate set of traits, until the current morphology is attained to (Hine, n.d). This gestational procedure serves as a restricting component for morphological deviation, even as the different and variable powers of environment work towards expanded formal separation. Haeckel's speculations of nature and restatement in this way represent both the chronicled coherence of structure spoke to by an organic entity's phylogeny, and the unobtrusive varieties revealed by a creature's ontogeny (developing structure). While the particulars of Haeckel's speculations have not survived the development of the natural sciences, the basic compels that he depicted are still an essential part of contemporary evolutionary and environmental science. At the hereditary level, the genome assigns the inborn natural constraints illuminating an organic entity's ability for transformation or advancement; it serves as both a variable lattice taking into consideration conceivable evolutionary transfiguration and as a truly created arrangement of restatement
  • 5. binds life forms to their hereditary legacy. Alternately, ecologies, which portray systems of affiliation going from terrible local attributes, for example, atmosphere, geography and geology, to close biotic groups, for example, those characterized by sustenance connections, give the ecological connection to potential future adjustment, as obliged by frameworks of Darwinian rivalry. (Hine, n.d) Connected to what may be known as the mechanical phylum, Haeckel's ideas of biological advancement and hereditary reiteration help portray both the natural chronicled inactivity of media, and their ability for development. (Hine, n.d)Accordingly, the evolutionary capability of any medium is characterized by horde variables natural to the medium all things considered, including its material organization, fundamental hierarchical standard and/or one of a kind usefulness. Notwithstanding these characteristic evolutionary parameters are the outward compels of media ecologies, for example, material accessibility, the headway or elimination of specific types of assembling, the rise of contending or reciprocal media ideal models and the improvement and support of essential frameworks. The same may be said of media antiques, in the same way as the selfie, whose late wealth speaks to a conversion of new media (cell phones and tablets), all the more spatially disseminated and speedier remote systems and professed social proclivities towards online representation toward oneself and development. The later have been energized through the ubiquity of interpersonal interaction destinations like Facebook and Twitter and the application ecologies that undeniably help them. (Hine, n.d) Yet, even as selfies are enmeshed inside rising ideal models, such versatile figuring and person to person communication, they likewise display a propensity towards innovative and tasteful restatement, including the utilization of channels that copy more seasoned photographic advances or the repeat of entrenched and mainstream stylish tropes. This reassertion of
  • 6. customary structures not just retards the evolutionary advancement of the Selfie, additionally educates the development of new ideal models. The part of the ethnographer is to watch, record, and dissect these practices, to present them in another light. The investigation of social relics, of records where proper, is a to a degree optional gadget in which they are analyzed as "social items" (Hammersley and Atkinson, 1983:137 cited by (Hine, n.d)). This is, obviously a venture forward from utilizing them as unimportant wellsprings of auxiliary data, as Hammersley and Atkinson bring up. On the other hand, Hine (n.d)contends that helping out an ethnography through the medium of a technology6 brings into inquiry the part which advances have so far played in ethnography, and recommend that this restricted part likewise constrains the conclusion which can be drawn. Ethnography has turned into a typical peculiarity of studies in the social science of investigative information (SSK) and in social investigations of engineering. It is proposed that it is through this nearby consideration regarding the working practices of science and of mechanical improvement that we may see the social exertion which goes into the development of an investigative reality or the coagulated social relations which are contained inside a specialized relic It is recommended, by an alternate strand of ethnographic research in specialized settings, that by such close regard for every day working practices we may have the capacity to aid in the outline of better advances, those which all the more nearly reflect the fact of working life. (Hine, n.d) This last strand has little to do with the examination questions with which I am concerned: how it is that research facility advances, especially data innovation, are incorporated into the experimental exploration and certainty development process. Hine (n.d) focusses to a more noteworthy degree on the SSK ethnographies, concerned as they so frequently are with unpacking the secret elements of exploratory realities. (Hine, n.d)I draw on three of the more conspicuous ethnographies did in the innovative setting of the research facility over late years9. In every Hine (n.d) looks to
  • 7. analyze the methodology taken by the ethnographer at the engineering trying to define a method for joining these "social relics" into the ethnography in a manner which provides for them conspicuousness. Specifically, Hine (n.d) goes to the part which the advances utilized in exploratory exploration play in these ethnographies, with a specific end goal to create a contention on the degree to which the ethnographers get to be included with the innovations which structure a piece of the setting contemplated, and the courses in which these specialized settings are dealt with as obliging an unique methodology from the ethnographer, diverse to the methodologies utilized as a part of all the more generally "primitive" settings. (Hine, n.d)In a standout amongst the most popular SSK ethnographies, Latour and Woolgar's "Lab Life" (1986), the engineering of the research center is gone to by the ethnographer as a key gimmick in the development of logical actuality. It is through the activity of research center advances as engraving gadgets that these machines principally enter the ethnography. (Hine, n.d) The engraving gadgets work in the research facility as makers of permanent mobiles, engravings which through their evidently perpetual nature, their cases to speak to an impression of a basic reality, and their improvement of the activity at a separation of a specialist through their versatility, assume such an extensive part in the development of investigative truth and the capacity of the lab to be stretched out to the world on the loose. (Hine, n.d) 4. Netnography: As unrealistic as it may appear, selfies help reinforce companionships. Selfies aren't fundamentally some unusual rage or a viral pattern among young people. While they might in some cases simply be a type of young vanity, it is accepted that they are vital in the digital age as a manifestation of correspondence, proclamation toward oneself and documentation.
  • 8. The new social world is on the web. Web infiltration rates proceed with their worldwide ascension. (Kozinets, 2010)Sensibly, we can say that over a billion individuals now take an interest in different types of social networking. We are amidst an innovation drove mutual upheaval. The suggestions for advertisers, showcasing scientists, and directors of all stripes are boundless. Customers are offering assorted types of feelings and data with one another about amazing panoply of items, retailers, and brands. (Kozinets, 2010) The online environment offers us about boundless access to customer to-purchaser interchanges that are: Applicable and itemized. Got in an inconspicuous way, and realistic in an opportune, liable, and productive way. This data is crude. It is true. (Kozinets, 2010)Advertisers have reacted by starting to incorporate online networking with their showcasing plans, their publicizing and special fights. However as far as purchaser knowledge, showcasing is overwhelmed by the same old strategies. The move to manufacture rich understanding with the cornucopia of online buyer data is simply starting. Connected to business and showcasing needs, netnography constructs profound customer bits of knowledge that give: All-grasping depictions of the commercial center sections, item groupings, trait sets Realistic perception of online correspondence classes, patterns, images, pictures Social understandings of buyer decision influencers, (Kozinets, 2010) adopters, WOM properties Natural perspectives of brand importance deciphering bona fide purchaser dialect and terms, and in addition visual and varying media investigation Embedded disclosures of purchaser development situated in lead client, and innovativeness Contrast netnography with the center gathering or study data commanding the universe of customer knowledge research. Focus gatherings offer point by point and significant data. In any case they are inspired, prominent and totally manufactured. (Kozinets, 2010)
  • 9. The one-time bunch progresses are manufactured and bizarre. (Kozinets, 2010)Surveys are simulated, prominent, and evoked. (Kozinets, 2010)We frequently have no chance to get of knowing whether our review questions are significant to the purchasers' reality. Both center gatherings and studies can be costly. Think about that as a national set of center gatherings can undoubtedly run in the many thousands. Netnography is the Marketer's Secret Weapon How Social Media Understanding Drives Innovation. There are right now just a handful of far-located organizations that lead netnography. (Kozinets, 2010) Despite the fact that it is presently all inclusive secured in the scholastic universe of shopper and showcasing research, the very idea of online ethnography is still obscure to most advertisers, item chiefs, advertising specialists, and item advancement and shopper knowledge pros. You have to peruse it in light of the fact that netnography offers a sharp new shaft in the shopper examination tremble, a compelling new device for the advertising workbench. Then again, on the off chance that you favour Sun Tzu's "The Art of War"… Netnography is the advertiser's mystery weapon for. There are various approaches to study consumer behaviour in the online social world. Here are a couple of the real ones: We can review individuals and get some information about their practices. We can track and follow online practices and clickstreams. We can set up online center gatherings, boards, and manufactured groups. We can code, inventory and sort data. (Kozinets, 2010) The way to netnography, and what makes it unique in relation to systems like center gatherings, overviews, CRM data models, clickstream following, and even simulated groups, is this: Netnography is centered on social bits of knowledge. Netnography is diverse on the grounds that it treats online correspondences not as minor "substance," however as social communication, as installed representation of significance, and as social curio. Netnography
  • 10. gives careful consideration to setting. Netnography looks not simply at the words introduce in social connections, however at the gathering components, the communicator qualities, the dialect, the history, the significance, the sort of cooperation. (Kozinets, 2010) It inspects textual styles, separating, images, writings, pictures, photographs, and features. And, in the same way as its ancestor ethnography: It is naturalistic, after social declaration to its online appearances. It is immersive, drawing the specialist into a captivated, deeper understanding. It is unmistakable, trying to pass on the rich reality of contemporary shoppers' lives, with the majority of their covered up social implications and additionally their vivid representation, drawings, images, sounds, photographs, and features. (Kozinets, 2010)It is multi-technique, joining great with different techniques, both online and off, for example, interviews and videography. Like all techniques, netnography regularly works stunningly better when triangulated with other wellsprings of knowledge. Case in point, supplement netnography with focused on overviews to accept the replicability of discoveries. It is versatile, moving easily from newsgroups to sites, wikis, virtual planets, informal communication destinations, podcasting and portable online/logged off groups, and whatever else the future has in store. As any individual who has utilized a web search tool to examine a theme knows, Internet data is simple. Sort the brand name "Listerine" into the principle Google web search tool and you will be confronted with pretty nearly 907,000 hits. It is generally simple for somebody to download a couple of dozen of these pages and gathering posts about the brand, survey and condense them, and then to pass themselves off as an online anthropologist. Notwithstanding, something would be absent. There are prone to be no less than two noteworthy issues with the 907,000 or something like that hits about the Listerine brand, or some other famous brand, item, or business sector class that we may be occupied with researching. (Kozinets, 2010) In the first place, there are a wide range of interchanges going ahead on the double, and this makes discovering the examination fitting interchanges
  • 11. troublesome. (Kozinets, 2010) There is publicizing, official correspondences, spam, advancements, and reposts existing together with the social, buyer to-customer collaborations that drive netnography. Google just provides for us the initial 1,000 hits. (Kozinets, 2010)And even with those thousand hits, we confront a circumstance of wealth. More is not generally better. Regardless of the possibility that we were to rise above the regular web search tool's constraint, the possibility of physically downloading and perusing a huge number of online collaborations is an overwhelming time duty. Netnography requires the analyst to explore the scope of applicable social action happening in online social spaces. These social spaces have been becoming huge both in volume and in assortment. On account of these two truths, I have discovered it progressively significant to have quality programming instruments as a subordinate to netnography. (Kozinets, 2010) 5. Selfies in the real world: When we first hear the expression "Selfie," what do we consider? Is it accurate to say that it is a young lady with a "duck face" at a gathering on Facebook, or a fellow directing his iPhone at the mirror toward record his late workout? MySpace was the first mass informal organization. Then again, the Selfie was initially begat on Flickr in 2004. Presently everybody's dashboard on every person to person communication site is loaded with photographs individuals took of themselves and their companions. Each one revive of the "Investigate" page on Instagram guarantees an alternate 50 selfies transferred inside 10 seconds. Selfie society, however shocking it may appear to numerous people, has gotten to be genuinely pertinent throughout today's high school era. (Miller, 2014) With the advancement of cell phone cams, especially the Samsung Galaxy and IPhone, youngsters are joined by
  • 12. grown-ups and kids in the mission for every day Instagram posts, hourly Facebook overhauls, and moment by-moment Snap chats. Obviously, one needs to ask, what urges us to take pictures of ourselves to send to our companions or post on an open discussion? It is safe to say that it is immaculate narcissism, or more than that? It is seen that young ladies who take every day selfies to post to Instagram. As of October 2013, there have been about 40 million posts containing "#Selfie" under their labels. (Miller, 2014)Instagram was the origination of the Selfie, as men and ladies started posting pictures of their surroundings, as well as themselves. (Miller, 2014) For friends who live apart, Snapchatting is really one of the best manifestations of correspondence. (Miller, 2014) Despite everything it considers a cosy companionship, on the grounds that we can see one another's faces consistently, rather than simply messaging or talking. (Miller, 2014)There's something extraordinary about Snapchatting in that way, on the grounds that its unique in relation to simply words flying over and over again. Like Instagram, its pictures from genuine living. Snapchatting is extraordinary on the grounds that it is an eye to eye trade that doesn't include the dedication of Skype. One can undoubtedly have a "discussion" with somebody for the duration of the day essentially by how we send pictures over and over again. (Miller, 2014) 6. Conclusions: As discussed in the course of this paper, Selfies are becoming more and more popular with the help of technological advanced gadgets such as smart phones and tablets. Twitter, Facebook, Instagram are some of the leaders when it comes to posting Selfies by people. The Selfie (as discussed earlier) has become a global phenomenon and is extremely popular,
  • 13. especially amongst children and young adults, with a median age of 23.7 years. (Selfiecity, 2015). Additionally, if one were to carefully dissect the demographics of the Selfie culture, we would find that women are generally more active in clicking selfies than their male counterparts. (Selfiecity, 2015) However, these figures may be misleading in a sense of totality. It is found that only 4% of total users on various social networking websites actually click selfies. (Selfiecity, 2015). Major world cities such as Bangkok, Berlin, New York, Sao Paulo and Moscow are the leading in terms of their people clicking Selfies. (Selfiecity, 2015). Most of the Selfie tweets on Twitter.com are from users who have in excess of 60,000 followers. [Appendix 1]. The Selfie culture is here to stay, for the time being anyway. However, there have been various outcry in the recent past when youths have clicked Selfies at funerals and even Nazi Concentration Camp sites. Citing these events as misguided teenage phenomenon, people have come down heavily on these youths. However, some people argue that clicking Selfies have been in vogue ever since the camera was first introduced.
  • 14. References: BIBLIOGRAPHY Hine,C. (n.d) 'VIRTUALETHNOGRAPHY', Centre forResearch into Innovation, Cultureand Technology. Kozinets,R.V.(2010) 'Netnography:The Marketer’sSecretWeapon', NETBASE,March. Levin,A.(2014) theSelfie in the ageof Digital Recursion,[Online],Available: HYPERLINK "http://ivc.lib.rochester.edu/portfolio/the-selfie-in-the-age-of-digital-recursion/" http://ivc.lib.rochester.edu/portfolio/the-selfie-in-the-age-of-digital-recursion/ [05 January2015]. Miller,C.(2014) Selfie Culture,24 January,[Online],Available: HYPERLINK "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/casey-miller/teens-and-selfies_b_4218454.html" http://www.huffingtonpost.com/casey-miller/teens-and-selfies_b_4218454.html [05 January2015]. Oxford(2015) selfie, [Online],Available: HYPERLINK "http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/selfie" http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/selfie [05January 2015]. Selfiecity(2015) DataSets, [Online],Available: HYPERLINK"http://selfiecity.net/" l "dataset" http://selfiecity.net/#dataset [05 January2015].
  • 15. Appendices: APPENDIX 1: User Name Nick nam e Biocontent Fo llo w er s Fo llo wi ng Keyw ord Repe tition s Follow er/Foll owing ratio To tal Fa vs To tal Lis ts Fortun e Magaz ine Fort une Mag azin e FORTUNE's official Twitterfeed.Here'swhat we're hearing,seeing,readingandwriting. Visitusat http://t.co/EZnUYxNm 14 78 36 9 49 8 1 2968. 61245 15 0 18 40 3 stern ster nde Die NachrichtendesTagesin140 Zeichenvon stern.de.WennSie wissenmöchten,wer hinterdenTweetssteckt,hierentlang: http://t.co/y5rGRMlShr 56 77 62 76 6 1 741.2 03655 4 11 10 40 22 Kendri ck Lamar Ken ndri ckLa mar My Tweetsare here toinspire.NOTaffiliated withthe amazingrapperKendrickLamar.[#1 Fan/ParodyAccount] #TalkLessTweetMore 55 55 09 78 15 2 1 7.108 05865 5 73 8 J. Cole JCol eDC My Tweetsare here toinspire.Iam notJ Cole. NOTaffiliatedwiththe amazingJCole. [#1 Fan/ParodyAccount] #TalkLessTweetMore 51 23 08 19 93 77 1 2.569 54413 58 4 Avery buga ttibe ez idgaf,bye.youtuber. 22 79 79 17 62 1 129.3 86492 6 10 53 7 66 8 Jayde n Jayme s Jayd enJa yme s Model,Feature Dancer& Event Hostess, exclusivelyathttp://t.co/dcp4VSIMwL 22 57 31 58 1 3891. 91379 3 15 95 17 38 Seven 24Like local tour key All about#life and#like... http://t.co/Kbgxz5p73g...#NYC#HOLIDAY #TIPs & #FACTs ...Plzlike USonFB http://t.co/T2vY4BY79g 15 03 58 15 55 58 2 0.966 57195 4 10 69 84 9 Alexis From TX Mad _Hu mor I'm selfish,impatient,andalittle insecure.I make mistakes,andat timeshardto handle. 12 59 71 71 36 1 1 1.765 26394 13 42 27 44 5 Yoncé ⛵ BAR RYCL ERJU STE @ my name,@ my name,if no one isaround you,tweetBarry I Love You if youain't runnin game 10 74 76 52 37 1 1 2.052 20446 4 18 87 0 95 Bruno Mars Brun oMa rsNY C The Bruno Mars Twitter(ParodyAccount) I can't taste mylips,couldyoudo itfor me ? #TalkLessTweetMore 10 74 51 1 10745 1 2 13 0 Notori ous B.I.G Noto rious B_l_ God blesshissoul,restinpeace,kid.It’s because of himnowat leastI know what beef is.Name that artist.Postinglyricsof the 10 21 09 67 81 9 1 1.505 61052 2 11 65 12 11 7
  • 16. G greatestrappers. Kurt Hanso n Nati veSe nses Social Media... http://t.co/YPd7bCi9H7 ...Journalist,writerandblogger.Dadof two preciouspearls!Lovesnatural life... http://t.co/SSuouA85CX 82 72 4 89 32 0 3 0.926 15315 7 25 7 67 3 Aubrie Wynn Aubr ieW ynn8 8 ProfessionalTroublemaker,HeartBreaker, Music Lover,Part time Model, Vampire Slayer.Vote 4 My FriendAlexis http://t.co/bv1bxE6QE1 Onpage 2 81 02 2 63 53 4 1 1.275 25419 5 12 33 78 20 8 ←※ ★•·☆ ☆·•★ ※→ asspl osiv e (18+ NSFW) I love beautiful girls,carsand livingoutoutmy dreams.Postingmyfavorite photosand happyto repostclassy,sexy photos.(owner@sexiestfaces) 78 06 2 84 1 1 92.82 04518 4 99 6 36 1 Kerri Slater _Ker riBe ar_ God please give me patience,if yougive me strengthI will justpunchtheminthe face. 72 71 6 26 89 9 1 2.703 29752 10 76 13 58 Amy Laira Seve n24L ife I am here to make yourday beautiful...#Yoga #Doga #Selflove ‫תקומה‬ 69 90 0 14 47 6 2 4.828 68195 6 10 4 62 Jessica Rowe Styli stJes si Imperfectionisbeauty,MadnessisGenius, and itsbetterto be AbsoloutelyRidiculous thenAbsoloutelyBoring. 68 56 1 48 30 1 1 1.419 45301 3 12 40 22 17 1 e- Magaz ine SoTu rquo ise #SMILE #LOVE #PEACE whatelse?Of course LIFE is notjustBlack and White...Itisalso @SOTURQUOISE! http://t.co/OLuOc16Swt 64 62 5 54 51 6 3 1.185 4318 18 2 26 7 Michel le Beeler Mich elle_ OKC I don’tknowthe key to success,butthe key to failure istryingtoplease everybody.Vote For Alexishttp://t.co/bv1bxE6QE1On The 2nd Page 63 00 2 42 50 1 1 1.482 36512 1 77 73 0 29 2 sexpej o sexp ejo No haynada más sexyque unaautofotoenel espejo.Lasmejores,lasmássexys, lasmás calientes,lasmászorras...envíanoslatuyaa sexpejo@gmail.com 62 05 2 55 1 1128. 21818 2 22 35 8 Sara Wrigh t Sara Wrig ht89 99% of the time my brainisthinkingblah, meh,why,huh,WTF, andfood.Vote For My FriendAlexishttp://t.co/bv1bxE6QE1On The 2nd Page 60 07 8 48 76 3 1 1.232 04068 7 12 26 18 22 4 Gabrie lle Elizab eth Gab yGrl 90 EverythingIlike iseitherIllegal,Immortal, Fattening,Expensive,orImpossible.Iama Hairdresser,Silly,andeasilyentertained. 59 21 1 41 81 8 1 1.415 92137 4 12 41 90 12 4 Sarah Moore Sara hCA Moo re Sometimesthe ordinarythingscanbe made extraordinary,simplybydoingthemwiththe rightpeople. 58 58 5 42 15 7 1 1.389 68617 3 11 79 65 13 3 Jocely n Olgea Pear lOnV elvet What makesyousmile iswhatmakesyou live...:) 52 31 8 54 82 1 4 0.954 34231 4 12 3 24 7 Krystal Nicole Kryst al_T X Be whoyouare and whatyou feel because those whominddon'tmatter and those who matterdon't mind 50 99 3 34 35 5 1 1.484 29631 8 12 33 43 50
  • 17. Steph anie Moore Step h_A _Mo ore You onlylive once,Butif youdo it right Once isenough 50 98 7 31 53 0 1 1.617 09483 11 39 17 51 Shant el Jackso n LilSh ante J Someone BetweenPsychoticandIconic. Somewhere BetweenIWANTitand I GOT it. Ituneshasit all Wrong,Im the HOTTEST Single thisYear 21 47 06 0 36 59 8 1 1.285 86261 5 10 42 62 60 Mr. Bolha ar MrB olha ar Too weirdtolive,Toorare to die! 45 65 5 42 4 1 107.6 76886 8 42 2 allie nicole Allie _CA _Nic ole You can’t fall if youdon’tclimb. But there’s no joyinlivingyourwhole lifeonthe ground. 45 20 1 34 19 4 1 1.321 89857 9 12 48 91 95 ρ Luke sRej ect In timesof Sins,CrimesandDisaster,God bestoweduponusthe HolyBible inaudio versionaka#LIVESOSwhere youcan purchase below. 45 00 9 57 0 1 78.96 31578 9 40 50 2 15 8 CA Proces s Server s Kern legal KernLegal,provideslitigationsupport since 1961 inProcessServing,Courtfiling,Skip Tracing,Bank Levies&DepositionSubpoena Services.(866) 629-5376. 43 43 8 43 87 1 9.901 52724 71 0 42 Becca Marsh al Mua 87B ecca Sarcastic, Troublemaker,MusicLover,Man Slayer,andi'm three gallonsof crazyintwo gallonbucket.Nursing/Modeling/Fashionare some of my passions. 42 75 9 21 93 0 1 1.949 79480 2 10 63 03 10 9 ashley hardin Ashl ey_h ardi nKS The besttime to planta tree was 20 years ago. The secondbesttime isnow. 41 22 6 31 58 6 1 1.305 19850 6 11 55 61 47 Relata ble SoRe latab leMs gs I tweeteverythingthatisSODAMN RELATABLE to your everydaylife! 40 85 2 40 65 9 1 1.004 74679 7 82 Safiya Lewis S_A_ F_I_ Y_A I like tothinkof myself asa comedian,whenI saidthistheyjustlaughedandlaughed. LovingLife F 22 37 79 5 60 16 1 6.282 41356 4 16 85 8 Shelly Harkin s Shell yHar kins 86 I've learnedthatpeople willforgetwhatyou said,people will forgetwhatyoudid,but people willneverforgethow youmade them feel. 36 24 5 27 23 5 1 1.330 82430 7 10 19 53 47 Chane l Belle _Cha nelB elle_ You may notbe herfirst,herlast,or her only. She lovedbefore she maylove again.Butif she lovesyounow,whatelse matters? 35 28 7 28 53 8 1 1.236 49169 5 91 15 4 25 Selfies Galore Selfi es_G alor e Tons of selfies,updated7daysa week, 365 daysa year!Checkit out http://t.co/wWj1Iv7e0a 31 11 4 12 94 9 5 2.402 81102 8 63 5 15 4 Tilisha Tilis What great energy,intelligence,and 30 12 1 2.416 26 10
  • 18. Licious haLi ciou s magnificentbeautiful eyes...Butenough aboutme,how are you doing? 10 4 45 8 43923 6 58 3 ☕️ fawn snial l AndI've got all that I need,righthere inthe passengerseat 29 36 8 12 03 2 1 2.440 82446 8 12 2 23 3 Lana Del Rey cunt ypha se Please take aseat inthe Church of our Lord & Savior,SelenaGomezsusChrist 29 04 7 22 0 1 132.0 31818 2 47 98 65 Martin a Klein Korin mart inakl einp ro Soyun híbridoen procesode prueba constante. 27 66 1 14 2 1 194.7 95774 6 14 77 17 3 Chelsi e Buff _Ch elsie B_ Mom of three withnochildren,Livingin Denver,Wyoming,Ihate freezinginthe summer,My friendssayimalways write,and improud of our President.;) 27 02 3 17 45 1 1 1.548 50724 9 97 85 5 21 ⠀ ohhl ucky ou I don't drinkstarbucksandI dont't wearuggs 26 34 4 24 7 1 106.6 55870 4 10 72 5 56 bieber ✨✖️ sexb iebe rauh l ☾alwaysrememberjustinisstill lookingfor hisprincessandit mightbe you 25 56 6 21 95 5 1 1.164 47278 5 31 19 Shakir a Brown Shak iraB Me 25 50 7 83 61 1 3.050 71163 7 34 40 0 11 Fuck You ࿎ Iukef tbizz le Met @justinbieber26/11/13 || JustinFollows || Wait whos@ThatsGrandeLove tho?|| @glenroy_slutsismycamel roll toe ||Met The @Janoskians15/11/14 ||2/5 25 37 6 18 34 2 1 1.383 49144 72 11 85 WWE XStrea m.co m WW EXSt rea m EverythingWWE!Inquiries: acp.line@gmail.com 20 91 0 16 87 5 1 1.239 11111 1 9 68 J$3%C Bulb ul89 ProprietoratDIGG IT, a website andsoftware development.Like OurVideoat http://t.co/Xae6eDDJL3. 20 81 4 11 08 7 1 1.877 33381 4 12 50 81 Kelly Clark Kelly Clark sT1 What great energy,intelligence,and magnificentbeautiful eyes...Butenough aboutme,how are you doing? 20 48 8 80 23 1 2.553 65823 3 16 60 1 47 L o ve m e :) 2016 Love love sky,readingandsleep 19 67 9 13 33 2 1 1.476 07260 7 1 19 Sonja Sonj aCor nelli es If beinga 'bitch' iswhat ittakesto make my pointclear,thenI guessthat'swhat I'll have to be. 19 66 5 92 31 1 2.130 32174 2 15 73 8 17 D Haro ldsPi zzax Britishpeople andAmericancities @zainsgraffiti .Haha/5,4/5, band/4, Bethany, Jc follows 19 02 4 93 49 1 2.034 87004 61 99 69
  • 19. Trend stop.c om tren dsto p #Trendstopisa leadingfashion,beauty& lifestyle #trend forecastingagency.Download our free #TrendTrackerApp http://t.co/tdIhgZhNWd. 18 89 8 11 12 8 1 1.698 23867 7 10 4 20 5 Carrie Jenkin son cjmil liner y Unique & Exquisite Bespoke &Couture Fascinators,Hats& Bridal Headwearby AwardWinningBritishDesigner& Milliner Carrie Jenkinson. 18 55 4 22 05 1 8.414 51247 2 12 01 37 Shane sha Shan esha Alve z What great energy,intelligence,and magnificentbeautiful eyes...Butenough aboutme,how are you doing? 18 09 7 78 29 1 2.311 53404 17 04 0 9 STY STYj p #MCMLXXX #80sbaby #90skid for life.Directly fromshibuyatokyo.CheesyJpopProducer. ASY,EXILE, 三代目JSB, 少女時代,宮野真守 etc. 18 04 9 28 1 1 64.23 13167 3 49 33 22 0 Dial Squar e 1886 touc hofb ergk amp Arsenal fansince 1985. Highburyiswhere I developedmylove,Emiratesismyhome. You cant buy class.ForeverAFC! 15 91 7 33 2 1 47.94 27710 8 50 9 3 Justin Bieber Lyrics Pam alax uq TweetingfromJustin:)) 15 58 4 15 76 4 1 0.988 58157 8 5 20 Niume niu me_ offici al Innovative,interactive,interest-based networkingplatform.Expandyourcuriosity, create circlesof your passions&connect. 15 46 6 67 47 1 2.292 27805 11 04 35 4 ym mac book lrh luke anddanielle (⁎ᵛᵕ ᵛ) 15 26 7 14 9 2 102.4 63087 2 19 02 0 98 Anisa 1D ! ! My_ mwa hhh _ Thank God foryour life tonight.Foryour health,yourfamily,oryourhome. Many people don'thave these things. 14 35 7 13 65 6 1 1.051 33274 8 12 2 Simon Thoms en Simo nTh oms en Eat, therefore Iyarn.Executive Life editor, http://t.co/TbvQfjWZUtRestaurantcritic, journalist,MC.Dad for2; half-decent husband. 13 84 8 52 08 1 2.658 98617 5 49 1 48 6 Sexy Scienc e Sexy SClE NCE the more you know... 13 70 2 12 58 5 1 1.088 75645 6 2 17 bree♡ mgcl oveb uzz mommyaf||shae isdaddy 12 42 1 55 40 1 2.242 05776 2 20 75 74 K Sande rson- Wells Shei sallP R PR, Fashion&MediaEventsProduction Specialist.Headof PR@FashionseekerPR/ Manager @rehabhairsalon1/DotingMother & Wife. 12 21 2 31 30 1 3.901 59744 4 14 17 36 6 OG Rodge rs Dont e__5 02 imirrelevant.MBIPDevonne.IG: Andrew.Donte 11 94 0 85 1 1 14.03 05522 9 36 8 18 7
  • 20. Je Wand a Magaz ine JeW anda Offic iel 1er médiainteractif afropolitainde tendances & de divertissement. 1st afropolitaninteractive mediaof trends& entertainment. http://t.co/eUSOhiRfdL 11 53 3 31 4 1 36.72 92993 6 5 53 IUSEM YMOU TH MyS exy_ MO UTH Sillylittleshit.5feetandfull of heat.Shorty be sporty.Act correct if u want respect.Might bite ya headoff :) 11 03 3 57 80 1 1.908 82352 9 92 8 99 Ratna kar Sadas yula Scor pius Maxi mus My tweetsdefine me,whatIam, whoI am. 10 46 0 61 0 1 17.14 75409 8 17 3 24 2 The Virgo Mind The Virg oMi ndd True & Most InterestingFactsaboutThe Best Signof Zodiacthat will helpyoubetter understandyourself! 10 22 9 10 41 1 1 0.982 51849 12 Are youa Belieb er? Arey ouu Belie ber Are you a Belieber?Thenyouwill lovemy tweets! 98 30 10 00 7 1 0.982 31238 1 8 Daniel la Adorn o dani ella_ ador no UK Model managedby NINEManagementfor enquiriespleasecontactbookings@nine- management.com 97 16 28 9 1 33.61 93771 6 39 64 26 ღღღ Babe Watch ™ღღღ welu vhot girls Male postingthe hottestgirls!#Hotpicsof #babes#girls& #boobs!For retweetshashtag #weluvhotgirlsFollow @hotsexxxpix and @MiniSexFlix 95 61 32 20 39 2.969 25465 8 60 65 45 Chyna ㊙️ TrillL exxi Lex Ball $ ; Blasian 爱 Thai & Indian, ♒️ #Grindin 93 06 88 04 1 1.057 01953 7 37 14 18 Gracia s VIAGR A !!! Dan Cost as K de 58 a.Hice CHARLEMOS enRadio Continental,soportandocmilesde oyentesla soberbiaydespreciosde Dolinax 1 año. Sigo @LibroObeso.RT! 87 86 88 76 1 0.989 86029 7 20 1 45 Lance Green castle LGre enca stle I write eroticstories(CFNM,BDSM).ITweet writinglinksand porn.NSFW My eBooksKindle:http://t.co/jBcDJqrmNV SmashWords:http://t.co/1MIHyrACSq 86 20 49 74 1 1.733 01166 1 54 21 0 glen dani elsh awar man percyjacksongivesnicodiangelowetdreams 84 31 20 00 2 4.215 5 25 03 7 25 6 peterk irn pete rkirn Musician,creative technologist,visualist,and editorof @cdmblogs... http://t.co/FiMgnhmIWJ 81 34 18 85 1 4.315 11936 3 11 88 47 1 Lonny Strum Lonn yStr um Marketingconsultanthelpscompaniesdrive revenue.FormeradagencyCEO.YPO/WPO member.LifelongYankeesfan. http://t.co/zxYtTjg4mo 79 08 72 87 1 1.085 22025 5 14 2 18 4
  • 21. Arica Grief WW Efan RTs Big CMPunkFan! Love the WWE. I am startingthisaccount to rt #wwe accts I supportand eventuallystartablog. #BestInTheWorld 76 97 52 94 1 1.453 91008 7 43 5 16 John Lenno n John Lenn onQ uots Imagine aworldin whichhomelesspeople take overthe emptyhomesof the billionaires... 75 49 77 28 1 0.976 83747 4 1 27 |Penis propel ler™| Dokt or_F reak Out ZertifiziertnachDIN ISO0815 75 05 37 1 1 20.22 91105 1 13 09 36 22 3 Disney Saying s disss ney dontyou still followus?? 74 37 76 18 1 0.976 24048 3 6 34 s loves n☽ Thek ingcr aic i love myfanshahaha joke,i don’tevenhave friends ◕‿◕ 74 29 30 50 1 2.435 73770 5 39 12 8 68 vicky heav ykid mgc we make our ownluck in thisworld xxviii 70 95 56 1 126.6 96428 6 11 47 6 44 Jay-Z Lyrics Calis tajd I TweetJay-ZLyricsEveryday.Enjoyit.. 67 71 69 51 1 0.974 10444 5 9 11 Home madeS elfies hom ema dese lfies Amateur#Selfiesand awesome mobile shots!!Visite ourwebsite: http://t.co/x4pMZn9cY8 59 03 48 38 1 1.220 13228 6 10 7 13 Barne y Stinso n Barn eySti inss on Whenyouget sad,you stopbeingsad,you readmy tweetsandbe awesome instead! 56 70 58 52 1 0.968 89952 2 15 Konbi ni konb ini Konbini isthe newcreative social feedabout popculture | all pop everything 55 47 41 6 1 13.33 41346 2 92 1 63 Girl's Mind giirls _mi nd behindeverybeautiful girl there isadumbass boywho's done herwrongand made her strong 52 73 54 46 1 0.968 23356 6 7 ain`° ilarr ygfx Raconteur. 51 40 19 01 1 2.703 84008 4 21 74 35 PLS RT LINK IN BIO giggl yxcli ffxrd 2/5 Janoskians,0/45SOS | Shut upi'm punk rock https://t.co/5yn9wxyNMT 50 55 33 33 1 1.516 65166 5 10 74 1 20 Shoaib Taimu r shob z The Middle of Nowhere,the centre of everywhere.TennisLover,Part-Time Anglophile. 49 90 12 86 1 3.880 24883 4 21 32 15 8 Jaylee is amazi ng. The_ _da mseI s_ 49 67 47 01 1 1.056 58370 6 4 1
  • 22. Mike Litoris NoS elfie z If My GlassIs Half Empty,ThenI've SpilledMy Whiskey.IFightNinjasOn Mon.Fart DiamondsOnWed.& Sample Free Pizzason 46 32 27 9 1 16.60 21505 4 22 88 4 1 Secret s unto ld_fa ctss Learn aboutall untoldsecretsinlife.Bestof themare chosenforyou.:) 45 84 34 26 1 1.338 00350 3 15 Elma Placer es Diepp a mzel ma Culturallyambidextrousrenaissance woman. Latina byblood. Americanbybirth. Bitchy by nature.Alsotweetingfrom @L_AmeriGringa~ RT's ≠ endorse 45 74 35 22 1 1.298 69392 4 18 19 5 - Sya mim Syah irah 44 70 81 7 1 5.471 23623 15 0 3 Julius Geech iie Polo _Sm ash reguardlessof howitgoesdownlife goeson rememberthatandyou will succeed#235 44 59 28 49 1 1.565 11056 5 1 5 [Source: http://analytics.followthehashtag.com/#!/search/selfies?id=dashboard]