Advantages And Disadvantages Of Fitness Test

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Fitness Test
Task 1
Within this report I will recommend the stages I believe that should be carried out to allow the fitness test happened safely, and the policies I
believe should be put into place while a volunteer carries out these tests. Prior to doing a lab based fitness test there are many stages you are
supposed to carry out to ensure all participants are safe and all risks are reduced or eliminated.
P1
The first test I urge you to carry out would be to do a risk assessment, this will include finding all the hazards that would be a risk to participants.
For example; One of the hazards while carrying out the test you will be doing could be if a participant was to wear the wrong type of shoes while
doing the beep test this could lead to them injuring themselves by falling over. After collecting all the hazards write down how these risks can be
controlled and the extent of the risk. For the example I gave for a hazard that could happen in the test being taken it could be controlled by all
participants wearing trainers with good grip, it also is a high risk due to the amount of times the risk is possible to happen. If the risk is a high risk
and cannot be reduced I recommend that you do not carry out the test till the risk can be reduced for the safety of participants. The second thing I
recommend you should do before doing the test would to be for you to have a PAR–Q test for all participants to fill out before the test so that you as
the testy are informed on everything you need to
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Human Collective Community And Organizational Actions
"We the Green Suiters are the problem. We want to do everything ourselves and not incorporate others that can help us be successful and we don't
consider everyone when we develop our plans" – Undisclosed United States Army Field Grade Officer Without planned and tested organizational and
community control of emergency response mitigation, efforts can be like herding cats. Our collective community and organizational actions for
response to both disasters and emergencies regardless of scope need effective and effective management. The execution of imagination using the worst
imaginable scenario and walking through all of the points of failure will enable the team to plan and exercise actions for a wide variety of situations. In
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330). With this broad charge, ICS provides a framework to effectively manage emergencies and disasters, including a Mass Casualty Event (MCE).
That said we have to understand the tools besides individual and collective task execution that he Incident Commander is able to use to bring things to
the communities expected level of normalcy. Along with the management structure the SOP of Standard Operation Procedure provides this for us. It
focuses on the frame work of helping to organize actions of the internal departments as well as how external organizations will fit into inter–agency
cooperation to mitigate threats and hazards including response to a MCE. Hospitals identified that although ICS was needed it did not support their
processes efficiently enough. According to Fromm (2009), "...there are difficulties in implementation of the pure system into the different hierarchical
structure of hospital institutions" (p. 317) and "The compromise...was the...[hospital Emergency command System]...HEICS." (Fromm 2009, p. 317).
Hospitals understood that here was a need to have an organized system that help them do the same things that the pure version of ICS would do for
the first responder on the scene of a large fire or natural disaster. Therefore they evolved the system and made it fit into their organization. According to
Fromm (2009), "The major difference in the system is the abil9ity of the hospital to preselect the candidates for certain

The Importance Of Artificial Disasters
Natural and artificial disasters have always posed a threat to the development of countries across the world. In that regard, different governments have
already established strategies that can be implemented to deal effectively with the disasters, which occur. It has been observed that the developing
countries are slightly behind than the developed ones regarding dealing effectively with the disasters that occur abruptly. When adisaster occurs, the
priority is to reduce the vulnerability of people to hazards such as terror attacks and natural disasters. Therefore, to save human lives and also reduce
property damage, in the long run, disaster analysis is a very important part in disaster management. In a given society, disasters can ... Show more
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Human activity such as deforestation has led to global warming. Due to the event, there has been significant changes weather to extreme conditions.
Extreme weather has adverse effects on the functional and structural infrastructure that the community depends on. For this reason, steps should be
taken to mitigate these disasters from occurring and even during management and recovery efforts. The other disaster theory relates to the entire body
of knowledge and human behavior. That encompasses many areas to include physical and emotional activities and there are many different sources that
require further exploration such as, The United States has experienced high population growth rates, developments of tall buildings, rise in competition
for the use of the available natural resource; all these factors have been some of the human activities that have contributed to the increase in risk of
natural calamities. It has been observed that in the regions where there is an often–high population it difficult to respond to any disaster when it occurs,
and as a result they are often affected with increase casualties. In any community, the social consequences as a result of the natural and the man–made
disasters are larger than the physical effects, but the primary damage includes the destruction of buildings and roads while the secondary damages are
the social damages such as deaths, and also leaving individuals

Cochise County In Arizon SWOT Analysis
Final Examination
Keith Summerall
FES 3833
Professor Carlino
July 9th, 2015
Abstract
Throughout this course we completed 5 web projects that all correlate into a hazard mitigation plan. I researched and found a mitigation plan for
Cochise county in Arizona. The area at hand is vulnerable to droughts so the plan is aimed for towards being prepared for a potential drought rather
than other uncommon disasters. The plan incorporates 3 of the 5 subjects we covered in web projects. They are SWOT analysis, emergency operations
center, and types of disasters and prioritizing them.
Final Examination
All of our weekly web projects taken as a whole impact the field of hazard mitigation but our week 1 project which was ... Show more content on
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The City of Douglas which is located within Cochise county uses a SWOT analysis to examine the organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities,
and threats("Cochise County", 2012). An emergency operations center is a central location from which local governments can provide interagency
coordination and executive decision making in support of incident response and recovery operations. In the event of a disaster an emergency
operations center acts as a base for operations fro local government

Bushfire Case Study
3.Identify the hazard and compare the geographical processes that occurred in each community resulting in a natural disaster being declared. WHAT IS
BUSHFIRE Bushfires are a common natural hazard that Australia has adapted to. Through this burning that occurs, Australian fauna and flora have
adapted to the ways of bushfires. These fires spread at a fast rate and in many instances cause a devastating effect on communities and the land.
Weather Weather can primarily decide whether a bushfire is small or large. According to the conditions the area has prior to a bushfire decides the
growth and beginning of the fire. The weather and conditions at which the fire starts also has a part in controlling and growing the flames. With high
temperatures consistently prior and during the fire,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two months prior to the bushfire that devastated communities in Victoria were extremely low rainfall and hot dry drought like conditions. This
bushfire was influenced to begin as a result of the punishing heat, low humidity and the severe drought that lasted two months in the Victoria region.
The black Saturday fires were met by temperatures that reached 46 degrees Celsius with the addition humidity which dropped below 6%. As a result of
these conditions in Kinglake the fire was easy to start and continue as the conditions all supported the growth of a bush fire. Where as in Winmalee
though the weather played a crucial part in the fires continuation in relation to Kinglake they were not as crucial. During the month of September
Winmalee met the highest temperatures in record for NSW this then continued into October. On the 17th of October the day that the fire began, the
temperature had reached 31.6 degrees and humidity was 11%. Though this was not as drastic in relation to the Kinglake fire, the weather still
contributed

Evacuation Plan Research Paper
If you live in a hurricane zone, you will have to guard against the biggest threat to your safety this hurricane season: complacency. Failing to plan for
stormy weather places you, your family and your property in danger. To get ready for the upcoming hurricane season, follow these tips Figure Out Your
Evacuation Routes Learn local hurricane evacuation routes and find out about local shelters from the emergency management agency in your area.
Because of the unpredictability of hurricanes and the fact that evacuation routes may be packed with last–minute evacuees, you should have your
evacuation plan in place well ahead of time. Pack Supplies Well ahead of the season, you should start getting your emergency kit together. The basics
that

Workplace Safety Policy And Procedure
MCR WORKPLACE SAFETY POLICY AND PROCEDURE
BY: HANNAH RILEY Our organization is growing and we are receiving new employees. It has come to my attention that our previous safety policy
and procedure seem to be outdated. This paper is to provide all employers and fellow employees information of the policy. There will be many
different topics discussed. Please pay close attention to these policies because they are important.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Hazards pg. 2
Health pg. 3
Violence pg. 4
Disaster pg. 5 and pg. 6
Responding to a Medical Emergency pg. 7
HAZARDS There are several safety hazards that can occur at the workplace. It may include loose railings, ungrounded electrical outlets, high hot–water
temperature settings, blocked hallways and doorways, and poorly maintained equipment. If you see a safety hazard, please report it to a supervisor.
FIRES
A fire is one of the most common safety hazards. These are the following actions everyone should take to prevent a fire from occurring and what to
do if one occurs. o Take steps to prevent and reduce the impact of fire on the workplace and carry out a fire risk assessment of the workplace. o
Identify the significant findings of the risk assessment and the details of anyone who might be especially at risk in case of fire (these must be recorded
if more than five employees). o Provide and maintain fire precautions necessary to safeguard anyone using the workplace (including visitors). o Provide
information, instruction and

Blue Mountains Fires
Describe the nature of the hazard
In October 2013, a series of multiple bushfires spread throughout NSW, mainly starting in the Blue Mountains.
A lot of fuel, joined with warm, parched and blowy weather, provided hazardous conditions, which powered the fires.
Worst of the fires, was on Oct 18, there were over 100 fires blazing statewide. The Premier of New South Wales Mr O'Farrell professed a state of
emergency on 20 October, authorizing firefighters to evict residents and annihilate fire–affected structures.
BOM recorded that September of 2013 was the warmest September recorded for NSW.
Temperatures during September were more than 6 degrees above the normal from 22–40 september.
These warm, windy, dry conditions had a great ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lake Munmorah High School near the Ruttleys Road Fire was also evacuated. "Students should not take risks to get to an exam. The first priority for
every student is to make sure that they are safe,". On October 23 every school in the Blue Mountains was closed to facilitate the work of the
emergency services and to encourage residents to leave the mountains that day for their own safety.
Transport across the state was severely affected at its peak on 17 and 18 October and again on 23 October. The Hume Motorway was shut in both
directions as a consequence of the bushfire at Balmoral. In the Blue Mountains, the Bells Line of Road was closed in both directions. High traffic
loads, whilst not closed, impacted the Great Western Highway. The Pacific Highway was also shut in both directions from Swansea to Lake Munmorah
from 17–18 October.
After 10 days of 'business on hold', the subsequent influence of this natural disaster began to take its toll. When business owners resumed their focus to
their industries, not only were they carrying the same feelings and emotional exhaustion as the rest of our community, they returned with a
considerably increased level of stress from business losses, combined with the scary task of

The Problem Of The Medical Marijuana Industry
The medical marijuana industry has seen staggering growth in recent years with many state level legalizations and the federal memo issued in 2013
that told prosecutors to leave these businesses alone, as long as they comply with all their state laws. Colorado was the first state to legalize marijuana
for recreational purposes and marijuana infused edibles soon became a rapidly growing element within the marijuana industry. As such, states are
struggling to write effective legislation and create adequate testing and identification to address this new industry. However, compliance is just one area
of risk management faced by the marijuana edibles industry. Just as any other manufacturer of a food product, edibles manufacturers face many hazard
risks in the operation of their business (Frosch, 2014).
Hazard risks are one of the four classifications of risks, which also include operational risks, financial risks and strategic risks. Identifying risks in this
classification system focuses on the source of the risk as opposed to identifying by the type of risk. Hazard risks are classified as a pure risk, arising
from property, liability or personnel loss exposures. These risks are insurable risks and typically are covered by aninsurance policy. Fire and other
property damage, windstorm and other natural perils, theft and other crimes (including personal injury), business interruption, disease and disability
(including work–related injuries and disease), and liability claims are

The Prevention Of Natural Disasters
"The prevention of natural disasters and reducing their impact is a one of the twenty issues considered the most important and urgent global issues in
the 21 century. This issue increases and causes great suffer to the level that the global procedures to reduce disasters must to be done... the repetition of
the disasters has forced it to be a responsibility of international community"
J.F. Richard (2002) High Noon: Twenty Global Issues, Twenty Years to Solve Them.
People's well–being is influenced greatly by the larger freedoms within which they live and by their ability to respond to and recover from adverse
events–natural or human–made. Resilience underpins any approach to securing and sustaining human development
(human development report. )
This paper discusses the background and significance of the community based risk reduction program developed by the Syrian Arab Red Crescent
(SARC) society in 2006. It also describes the first pilot project implemented by SARC in 2007.
Disasters, community vulnerability, development and risk reduction :
Between late 199s and early 2000s, natural disasters have affected 2.5 billion people and caused more than US$ 400 billion of damage (pdf ifrc
weather). While climate change is a key determinant, other factors such as extreme poverty, environmental degradation, rural to urban migration and
over–exploitation of natural resources have greatly increasing risk, vulnerability and underdevelopment (Oxfam). The dynamic interplay of

The National Infrastructure Protection Plan Essay
Introduction The private sector plays a vital role in carrying out the objectives within all 16 sector specific plans. The Emergency Services Sector
includes but is not limited to first responding services such as; public work, fire, medical or police services. The goals and objectives of ESS
specific plans are to provide first responder services as one of their main missions is the prevention to life. This sector is extremely important as they
are the first responders to any type of incident that may even be impacted to other sectors. The National Infrastructure Protection Plan for this sector
describes the tasks, duties and responsibilities that the private sector has in order to effectively and successfully operate this types of critical
infrastructures. Just like any other sector, this sector requires the private sector to have a good relationship with state, local, tribal, territorial
governments, Federal Government and outside organizations as well. Threats, risks, and vulnerabilities are acknowledged and analyzed in every
respective infrastructure as they are all different. All factors are then prioritized in order to prevent the best security and mitigate the possible
consequences. Public and private sectors must have the ability to continue their businesses and operations after an event has occurred. When an
incident of event occur, operating plans must be created and established in order to prevent stoppages or deterrence to the operations. This helps reduce
the

Strategic Challenges For Local Communities
Strategic Challenges for Local Communities The Department of Homeland Security released the 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review on
June 18, 2014 as required by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 and its amendments. This review outlined the current state of preparedness, as well as
the future areas of concentration. It also determined six strategic challenges facing the nation: terrorist threat; growing cyber threats; biological
concerns as a whole; nuclear terrorism; transnational criminal organizations; and natural hazards. The basic building block of emergency management
in the U.S. is the local community. Each step begins here. Threat assessments are completed on the local level. Planning, mitigation, and response are
all responsibilities of the local community to support the state and Federal practice using the guidance provided by both.
One of the best guidance documents for these communities is the Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 201 (CPG201). In this guide, communities will
complete the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. The THIRA has a detailed four–step process in developing a robust Risk
Assessment to allow the community to develop its plans. The first step is to "identify the threats and hazards of concern" to the community. Some of
the challenges described by the Department of Homeland Security may not be applicable to the community or may pose extremely limited threat. The
second step in to "give the threats context" which states how

Rusaifah Bridge
Abstract
This paper analyses one of many hazards existing in Rusaifah Bridge and Intersection Construction Project. The intentions of this paper are to analyze
and assist the risk of the hazard using different Risk Assessment Matrices. The paper demonstrates different scenarios of human and environmental
factors that could contribute to the risk of the hazard. Construction accidents can be eliminated by recognizing the root causes of accidents, which could
be achieved by implementing accident investigation techniques such as Human Factor Theory. The theory provides explanations why accidents
happen. This paper provides a reasonable measure to reduce the risk of this hazard to a minimum level.
A hazard is a condition or set of conditions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, one of the best courses of actions to reduce the risk of the hazard to a minimum would be by protecting the cables from any environmental
and human factors. The best solution would be by hanging the cables on temporary poles on each side of the river at reasonable heights. Thus,
protecting the cables from any damages caused by the stream flowing force or deterioration caused by continuous friction with the ground or human
errors.
REFERENCES
[1]. Goetsch, D. L. (2010). Construction Safety and the OSHA Standards. New Jersey, NJ: Pearson Education
[2]. SafeWork, SA (2007, July 11). Definition of hazards. Retrieved from http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/EducationAndTraining
/HazardManagement/DealingWithHazards/dealDefinition.htm
[3]. Physics, G. (2010, December 18). Dangers of Electricity. Retrieved from http://olevelphysicsblog.blogspot.com/2010/12/dangers–of–electricity.html
[4]. PHYSICS, M. (2011, August 09). DANGERS OF ELECTRICITY. Retrieved from

2668674 Case Study
12:35pm– two reported were received regarding this concern (Case IDs: 26668674 and 26668668). IRTC spoke with the source from Case ID
26668668 who reported that all the children except for Gianna (reportedly at a friend's home) are at the hospital, but staff members are unwilling to
discharge the children until NYCACS is present. Source confirmed the narrative of the report and expressed that the subject child was reportedly
engaged in a physical altercation with another child in the home. The alleged subject heard the commotion from downstairs and made his way upstairs
to confront the subject child. The subject child's mother tried to intervene to no avail. Subject child was choked/ strangled by the alleged subject
resulting in a red linear

Best Sanitizer Contingency Plan
Best Sanitizers Contingency Plan
1.0Purpose
The purpose of this document is to define the emergency response plan, personnel, training, procedures and support agencies in preparation for a
disaster involving Best Sanitizers, Inc. Walton, KY.
2.0Scope
2.1This document provides a total facility response program applicable to emergency situations.
2.2The procedure details emergency reporting, evacuation, and post emergency response.
2.3Detailed responses have also been outlined for specific types of emergencies, including but not limited to: fire, chemical spill, severe weather, bomb
threat, power outage, etc.
3.0Responsibility
3.1It is the responsibility of management at Best Sanitizers, Inc. to confirm that all applicable personnel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5.1.5Best Sanitizers, Inc. will keep a current building plan with exit routes posted for employees and visitors to review.
5.1.6If the alarm sounds, all personnel will exit the building using the nearest safe emergency exit and continue to the vacant lot across the street.
5.1.7The secondary meeting point is the south end of the parking lot.
The Line Captains must ensure all employees in their area evacuate.
If safe to do so, the evacuation coordinator shall take the visitor sign in log and the first aid kit while exiting.
The evacuation coordinators will begin to take roll call. One coordinator, accounts for Best Sanitizer employees. The other coordinator, accounts for
temp agency employees.
Inform the Safety Manager or Plant Manager of missing employees.
The Safety Manager or Plant Manager reports missing employees to the fire department.
The fire department will locate any missing employees, do not re–enter the building to locate them yourself.
5.1.8Critical equipment must be maintained before evacuation, unless immediate danger is present. This equipment includes:

Mansfield Crisis Manual Analysis
The Mansfield Crisis manual was drafted in the 2012–2013 school year, prior to this draft the school used a generic modified crisis plan that was
created by J. Berra Engineering, in 1999. The current plan has not been updated since the 2012–2013 school year; as there are still several emergency
contacts listed that no longer work in the district. Although, the layout of the manual is easily followed and the information is pertinent, this is the first
time I have ever seen this particular manual, or any emergency manual for the district. There is a shortened version of the procedures for fire, tornado,
intruder, and earthquake drills located in the teacher and student handbooks. However, the handbooks are not as in–depth as the actual manual, ... Show
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Under people crisis are procedures for medical emergencies, death or suicide of students or staff members, intruder and hostage situations, bomb
threats, a bomb threat phone call checklist, field trip accidents, bus accident, and a procedure for possible anthrax laden mail. Under physical plant
failure emergency, or building problems, are the procedures for loss of heat, loss of air conditioning, loss of electricity loss of telephone, broken pipes,
hazardous material release, fire, and explosion. Under the natural disasters section there are procedures for severe weather, tornado, lightning,
earthquake, flood, wildfire, and other external hazards. Each procedure outlines steps that should be taken and who should be contacted after
everyone's safety is ensured. I find it interesting that the crisis manual has an anthrax policy, I would have never thought of adding that particular
protocol. Protocols for what to do if caught outside in a lightning storm, procedures for student and staff suicide, and a strategy specifically for
hazardous material removal are also not things I would have thought of to add to the crisis manual, in this aspect I think the crisis team went above the
normal criteria. I also think that the school went beyond industry standards by adding locations of first aid supplies and AED devices as well as
attaching a bomb threat

Roof Sheathing
Roof Sheathing Operations Workers typically install roof sheathing after all trusses/rafters and any permanent truss bracing is in place. Roof
structures are unstable until some sheathing is installed, so workers installing roof sheathing cannot be protected from fall hazards by conventional
fall protection systems until it is determined that the roofing system can be used as an anchorage point. At that point, employees will be protected by
a personal fall arrest system. Trusses/rafters are subject to collapse if a worker falls while attached to a single truss with a belt/harness. Nets could
also cause collapse, and there is no place to attach guardrails. All workers will ensure that they have secure footing before they attempt to walk on the...
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cutting the decking for the installers) will not be permitted within six feet of the leading edge under construction. Erection of Exterior Walls During
the construction and erection of exterior walls, employers will take the following steps to protect workers: п‚§Only the following trained workers
will be allowed to erect exterior walls: п‚§A painted line six feet from the perimeter will be clearly marked prior to any wall erection activities to warn
of the approaching unprotected

The Effects Of Natural Disasters
Believe it or not, there are certain parts of the country where natural disasters are just apart of the day–to–day activity. In other words, it's something
residents are familiar with. On the contrary, natural disasters are events that can cause other residents to experience traumatic stress according to the
Ohio University. Throughout the West Coast, for example, there are earthquakes. The East and Gulf coast, on the other hand, experience hurricanes.
Then throughout the heartland of our country, there are those violent rotating columns of air we call tornados that rip homes to pieces in a matter of
minutes.
Although these are just a few of disasters, the reality is a disaster like floods, wildfires, winter storms, and hail can happen at any time. So, with this in
mind and given how unpredictable mother nature is, it's always a good idea to take steps toward reducing your risk of injury by protecting your home.
In return, you and your family will be safer, and your home will be ready to withstand the fight against those harsh weather conditions. Here are some
steps to get started:
Create a Digital Cloud: When the time comes to evacuate your home, there's a good chance you might forget your computer along with your portable
hard drive, which means the pictures you've captured over the years could never be seen again. To make matter worse, those important documents are
also at risk of never being seen again – depending on the disaster. One way to ensure that you don't risk

Importance Of Human Factors In Aviation
Introduction Human factors is the study of Human behaviour that has roughly been around for 2000 years. The study is based on how Humans
behave physically and psychologically. In Aviation, human factors have been applied since the last 70 years. The definition of human factors from
the point of aviation, means the same but in respect to the ergonomics of technology and the flight crew, within the aircraft. The information is then
converted into training, procedures and systemizing routines of the flight crew simply in order for the safety and for the wellbeing of the crew
and the society. Crew health and lifestyle is essential when it comes to the wellbeing and the performance is vital to its limitations, throughout the
journey of the aircraft. When spoken about the word safety, it is often associated about how boring or repetitive it is in the modern world yet the
Aviation industry. Safety is the freedom from any dangers. It is a word that people should take seriously and should be a preaching word to change
any ill practises. In the world of Aviation where mishaps would occur at any given moment, the educated personnel are taught not to ever rely on
luck, when it comes to safety. It all comes down to the welfare of the individual, the welfare of the company that associates with the individual and
the family of the individual. That is the reason why safety is so critical and is one of the very first things that is taught in every class, job or even at
home. This

The Emergency Management Profession
The emergency management profession has developed the concept of the disaster cycle as a basis for disaster management. The disaster cycle has four
distinct yet interrelated phases: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. The concept of the cycle implies an ongoing process in which
communities, businesses, and individuals plan for and reduce potential disaster losses. Historically, emergency management programs have focused
heavily on the preparedness and response phases, leaving limited resources to address the recovery and mitigation phases. This research paper will
discuss the basic goals of post–disaster hazard mitigation and identify areas of concentration when developing strategies and making recommendations
towards reducing and eliminating the impact of future disaster events through a post–disaster redevelopment plan.
Although not all communities encounter disasters, it's important to note that all communities are vulnerable to disasters and should prepare
accordingly. North Carolina had 43 major disaster declarations between 1965 and 2012 (FEMA, 2014). Of those 43 disaster declarations, 16 followed
hurricanes and three were due to tropical storms. The remaining declarations were categorized as severe storms, flooding, tornados, or a combination
thereof. In addition, seven winter weather events, one abnormally high tide event, and four wildfires also resulted in major disaster declarations.
Coastal storms are by far the most common disaster in North

H. S. Department Of Homeland Security Case Study
City, state, and federal emergency management personnel across the United States encounter threats and hazards daily. Those threats and hazards can
vary in intensity between low and high levels of danger with different severities of impacts on the citizens in affected areas. Sometimes threat and
hazards can be detected before they strike. Those early warning periods allow emergency managers to enact preventive measures or prepare responsive
plans and resources in order to stop or lessen the impacts of the threats and hazards on the community. In order to assist city and state emergency
agencies with creating the foundations to draft, plan, and execute preventive and responsive emergency plans, The U.S. Department of Homeland
Security (D.H.S.)... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
utilize five steps which are, "1. Identify the Threats and Hazards of Concern, 2. Give Threats and Hazards Context, 3. Examine the Core Capabilities
Using the Threats and Hazards, 4. Set Capability Targets, and 5. Apply the Results" (D.H.S., 2012). The core capabilities by mission area identified
by the D.H.S. are prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery. The KCUATHIRA is aligned with and covers the D.H.S. recommended
core capabilities by mission area. On step 1 of the THIRA, the KCUATHIRA lists threat andhazard scenarios to the city ranging from tornadoes, severe
winter weather, hazardous material (HAZMAT) spills, improvised explosive device (IED) attacks, terrorist attacks, cyber–attacks, emerging infectious
disease outbreaks, anthrax attacks, and vulnerable waterways and bridges (KCMO City Government, 2012). The scenarios listed were designed to
encompass the most likely situations that may occur which would cause the greatest impact to the city. Desired outcomes are listed for each core
capability by mission area as a measurable objective to be reached by emergency managers. For the rest of the assessment, two examples of natural
and manmade scenarios will be used to describe the actions and agency methodology that may occur in KCMO. Those two scenarios are a tornado
striking the downtown business district and a complex IED and terrorist attack affecting the Kansas Speedway race

Viking Dodsland Case Study
Introduction – as VP of engineering of the Viking Dodsland play, I will be in charge of overlooking the type of wells in the area as well as how much
fluid is produced on a month–to–month basis. I will also be responsible for explaining who are our main consumers and what the exact method of
transport will be. As it comes to what my role is in term of making a proposal, I was assigned to give you an outline of what exact problems we may
come across in our area and what will be the necessary steps to fix the problem that be at hand in the safest possible manner. Contingency Plans
(Anticipated Problems & Solutions) [1]There are many things to take into account of what could or could not go wrong on any drilling site. Say for
example that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a spill is to be more dangerous and has the chance of extending out to the greater public, then the territorial or provincial disaster services are
notified. Secondly, there should be a contingency plan against any wildfires. All drilling sites should have good up to date fire–fighting equipment as
well as fire extinguishers in good condition around the area as well. If a wildfire does break out, it the responsibility of the contractor to try and put
out the fire with the equipment they should have on site already before the actual local firefighter agencies come by to take over the situation. When
dealing with a wildfire, it is important to know the following: The exact location of the fire An estimate to whether or not it will continue to spread The
current weather at the time of the

Disadvantages Of Disaster Risk
Disaster risk indicates the possibility of adverse effects in the future. It originates from the collaboration of social and environmental processes, from the
mixture of natural hazards and the vulnerabilities of exposed elements.
Due to increases in the exposure of persons and assets, the brutality of the impacts of disasters depends strongly on the level of exposure and
vulnerability in the affected area, and proof indicates that risk has increased worldwide largely. For example, long–term increases in economic losses
from weather– and climate–related disasters is caused by increasing exposure (IPCC 2012). There have been limited decreases in vulnerability as a
result of, for instance, better building standards and compliance, but these reducing effects are geographically rough and there are many examples of
increased vulnerability, mostly in large urban centres and in developing countries. This has created new risk and potential disaster losses mainly at the
local and community level with the poor and demoted, marginal populations, women and children, and those dependent on single sector economies
suspiciously affected.
Exposure:
Exposure refers to the portfolio of essentials in an area in which hazard events may occur. Later, if population and economic resources were not
located in potentially dangerous settings, there would be no problem of disaster risk. Exposure is a required, but not enough, factor of risk. It is
possible to be exposed but not vulnerable (for

UNIT 3
Contents P1 Introduction When working in a health and social environment, it is important that the surrounding nature is safe and free of any potential
harm. A hazard is something that can possibly cause you this danger. Hazards range from something being misplaced to a broken object. When
identifying a hazard, risk assessments would take place to find out the best and quickest solution to prevent any danger. The definition of a risk is the
probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss, or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that
may be avoided through preemptive action. In this booklet I will be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
P2 Legislations Health and Safety Work Act 1974 The main features of the health and safety at work act is that it provides a framework for ensuring
that all employees are in and a health and safety environment. The employer and staff have duty to ensure the health and safety not only of
themselves but also other persons who may frequent the premises, such as children and their parents. Employees are due undertake an approved first
aid course and a named person should be appointed to take charge in the event of an accident. As well as this, properly stocked first aid kit should be
available – no medication should be kept in the first aid kit. In regards to a healthcare setting, this ensures that children and elderly are looked after
as they may not be able to independently. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 This legislation requires employers to control substances
that are hazardous to health such as toxic, corrosive or irritant chemicals like cleaning products or even bodily fluids. In a setting such as a Nursery,
hazardous substances that are not stored properly and are easily accessible to children may cause consummation further poisoning or spilling on
themselves. This hazard could be minimized by storing these substances in a high, possibly locked, area so that children are not likely to get a hold of
them and harm themselves. Also, the incorrect

A Brief Note On The Lone Working Policy
Lone Working Policy
Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................2
2. Policy Statement ............................................................................................................................2
3. Purpose ..........................................................................................................................................2
4. Scope .............................................................................................................................................2
5. Context ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Checklist to Assist with the Assessment of Risk...............................................................6
Appendix 3. Monitoring and Escalation Procedures.............................................................................7
1. Introduction
The Estate has a responsibility to manage the risk to its employees, particularly when working alone or unsupervised for significant periods.
The policy covers all employees, workers and self employed contractors.
2. Policy Statement
Lone working is common in many Estate activities. The Estate recognises that lone workers face particular problems and they will not require
employees to work in circumstances where the risks are unacceptable.
The Estate will ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that employees and self–employed contractors who are required to work alone or

unsupervised for significant periods of time are protected from risks to their health and safety.
Solitary working exposes employees and others to certain hazards. The Estates' intention is to remove the risks from these hazards or, where this is not
possible, to help employees to reduce them to an acceptable level.
The Policy recognises that Lone Workers are a vulnerable group of employees. Therefore, risk assessments, safe systems of work and monitoring
procedures must be produced to minimise the risk to

The Resilience Center Lists The Definition Of Resiliency
The Resiliency Center lists the definition of Resiliency as:
Able to recover quickly from misfortune; able to return to original form after being bent, compressed, or stretched out of shape. A human ability to
recover quickly from disruptive change, or misfortune without being overwhelmed or acting in dysfunctional or harmful ways. As in "Our team
showed great resilience," or "Our team had good resiliency." (n.d.)
There are numerous points of view on resiliency, as nonвЂ‘governmental associations (NGOs) perceive that individuals ' capacity to better withstand
and recuperate from calamities is basic to maintaining improvement. NGOs, contributors and worldwide reaction groups are attempting to characterize
resiliency in their terms. CRS characterizes resiliency as "the capacity of people, communities and institutions to advance integral human development
in the face of shocks, cycles and trends" (2014, p.2). The vulnerable individuals themselves best characterize strength and resiliency. What vulnerable
individuals accept helps most to their versatility limit is discriminating to current dialogs on resiliency. Contributors and NGOs may have their own
meaning of the term; however, an understanding of what it really means to individuals looking to make their community resilient is crucial to outlining
successful Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and recovery activities in development, risk reaction and catastrophe recuperation programs (CRS, 2014).
The danger of not utilizing the

Natural Hazards In California
Natural hazards – are different natural phenomena that disrupt the usual live of a population, destroy and demolish objects of material value. They
often have a negative effect on nature, and can happen anywhere in the world. Many different types of natural hazards exist; for example, earth quakes,
landslides, floods, snow drifts, hurricanes, droughts, volcano eruptions, storms, etc. Natural hazards can happen independently or can be related to each
other. If there is an earthquake, it can lead to a tsunami or massive fires. Some of them happen as a result of mankind's doings; construction work,
depending on the location, can cause snow drifts, or massive fires.
A simple anthropological fact, such as the instinct of survival is the main ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After using maps and facts to compare the risks of a natural disaster happening in different states: California is the state with the most natural hazards.
As an example, the San Andreas fault created the deadliest earthquake, provoking over 3,000 deaths and destroying over 80% of the city of San
Francisco in 1906. The state of California is sitting between two tectonic plates, the north american and pacific ones, the San Andreas fault runs the
entire length of the state. California is subject to season disasters; the fires that happen when the weather gets unbearably hot. That natural hazard is not
deadly, yet it brings a lot of material and ecological damage. The south–western state is know to have many hills, it is a known fact that an abundance
of rain and any elevated area of 20% or more can provoke mud slides, that swipe anything they have on their way: people or material property.People
living in California are adapting to the way nature treats them. Construction is getting sturdier, people are more prepared. Due to the afore mentioned
facts, the population of California has been learning to adapt to the situation of their

A Report On The Fire
Written Assignment #1
1.Risk: Risk is identified by each situation that could potentially bring harm to the town, and that may bring damage if the risk is very hazardous.
a.In Stone Park even though we are a small community, we have a serious water pressure issue with the water that supplies the fire hydrants. This
community could have problems when fighting a fire and not being supplied enough water, therefore, the fire could grow quickly due to not enough
water. Our village did talk to the city of Chicago about this issue, there has to be ways that we could fix this, either by a miniature water tower or by
possibly examining the water line to survey if there is derby in the pipes. The community is aware of this issue, additionally they are trying to find a
way to fix this problem. One way the fire department can work around this issue is by putting down a long length of hose to receive water that will not
affected by the first connection to the hydrant that has been made.
2.Community risk: This risk is specific to each community; community risk includes all risks that could potentially happen within their community.
a.In Stone Park, we have three major roadways that have added an enormous amount of risk due to the high chance of multiple care accidents with the
high volume of traffic. In addition, there are two younger aged schools in the village. This can pose a risk if a fire had happened within the building,
due to there can be some children that would hide and

Types Of Natural Disasters : A Disaster
A disaster is something that happens suddenly and causes much suffering or loss to many people. The ability of a disaster victim to prepare for,
respond to, and recover from a disaster depends on a variety of factors that often are beyond the person's immediate control. The severity and longevity
of the event, the efficiency of the warning systems, the victim's health status, and the individual's access to resources are a few of the factors
influencing an individual's response and recovery ability. Also, victims who are house bound, socially isolated, or who have impaired mobility may be
compromised in their ability to respond to and recover from disaster. There are many types of disasters including natural, terroristic, technological &
accidental hazards. Types of natural disasters are: earthquakes, droughts, extreme heat, floods, hurricanes, landslides, sever weather, space weather,
thunderstorms & lightning, tornados, tsunamis, volcanoes, wild fires, winter storms & extreme colds. Man–made disasters are biological threats,
chemicals threats, cyber threats, explosions, nuclear blasts, and radioactive hazards, civil unrest, explosions, and wars. Types of technological and
accidental hazards are blackouts, hazardous material, household chemicals, and nuclear power plants (Fema.gov). The Administration on Aging
predicts that the number of Americans over the age of 65 will double from the years 2000 to 2030. That prediction is particularly concerning when
married with the

Managing Risks of Hazardous Chemicals
[pic]
MANAGING RISKS
OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
Draft
Code of Practice
Table of Contents
FOREWORD3
SCOPE AND APPLICATION3
1.INTRODUCTION5 1.1Who has health and safety duties in relation to hazardous chemicals?5 1.2The meaning of key terms6 1.3What is required to
manage the risks of hazardous chemicals?7
2.HOW TO IDENTIFY HAZARDS10 2.1Labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS)10 2.2Unlabelled containers10 2.3Hazardous chemicals generated or
manufactured in the workplace12 2.4Chemicals with exposure standards13 2.5Hazardous chemical register13 2.6Other sources of information13
3.HOW TO ASSESS RISKS14 3.1Decide who should do the assessment14 3.2Decide what... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This Code also applies to the generation of hazardous chemicals from work processes, for example toxic fumes released during welding. It also
applies to chemicals which may not normally be hazardous chemicals, but may give rise to hazards in some circumstances, for example asphyxiation
hazards.
If you manufacture, import or supply hazardous chemicals that are used, or are likely to be used, in workplaces you should refer to the Codes of
Practice for: Preparation of Safety Data Sheets for Hazardous Chemicals Labelling of Workplace Hazardous Chemicals

If you use, handle or store hazardous chemicals listed in Schedule 14 of the WHS Regulations you should also refer to the Health Monitoring Guide
[under development]. For asbestos containing materials you should refer to the Codes of Practice on: How to Manage and Control Asbestos in the
Workplace How to Safely Remove Asbestos.
Implementation of the GHS
The WHS Regulations implement a new system of chemical hazard classification, labelling and safety data sheet requirements based on the United
Nations' Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (the GHS). Transition to this new system will occur over a 5
year period from 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2016. This Code refers to hazard classes and categories under the GHS.
Prohibited and restricted hazardous chemicals.
The WHS Regulations prohibit or restrict the use,

Health and Social Care Btec
M2: Assess the hazards identified in the health or social care setting. D1: Make recommendations in relation to identified hazards to minimise the
risks to the service user group. A risk assessment is used to assess the hazards and risks that can cause harm to individuals in an environment. I did
my risk assessment for my placement which is a day nursery setting called Quince Tree. Many parents and their children visit this health and social
care setting daily and a risk assessment was needed to make sure their safety was to a high standard. There was five hazards at Quince Tree that I had
recognised which could have put the service users and staff at risk, most of these hazards was at a medium risk and only a small amount were high....
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If an individual opens the door without knocking to make the staff in the room aware that someone is entering they can push the door into the
children which can cause them to fall over. This could cause bruising or cuts to head, legs or arms depending how they fall. Also as the doors are
not very heavy the children are capable of opening them themselves and leaving the room that they are in. If this is unnoticed by any of the staff
the staff it puts the child in great danger if they leave the building or if they choose to hide in another area. Ways to resolve and minimise the risks
of these hazards occurring again would be to replace the old doors with new fire doors which would be heavy enough so the children would be
unable to open them. The doors would also have a thin strip of glass so the individuals can see inside before entering although they should knock
and wait for response to. A finally idea to minimise this risk would be to fix finger guards to the hinges of every door so no one's fingers can be
caught in between. Another hazard that could occur is the nappy bin overflowing the babies this is placed in both the 0 to 1 year old room and always
the toilets that used for only the children. Children of the younger age may try to pull these items from the bin this puts bacteria and germs onto their
hands if this is unnoticed their hands will not be washed and they may touch toys or put their fingers

Emergency Planning And Community And Emergency Preparedness
Introduction In the recent past, disasters such as the massive fire that erupted from a hotel in Dubai's Torch tower on the new Year's Eve, earthquakes
in countries like India, China and Japan that led to thousands of deaths and destruction of manufacturing companies, as well as hurricaneshave raised
concern about the safety of workplaces. Some disasters such as floods and winter storms can be predicted early enough, while others, such as
earthquakes, terror attacks and collapse of buildings have very little time for preparation. Emergency planning involves the process of identifying the
potential hazardous situations that would compromise the safety and security, or make an emergency situation worse, and trying to minimize such
conditions in advance in the attempt to reduce the severity of the emergency.In the United Kingdom, part one of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004
provides the guidelines for preparedness of organizations. A similar law, known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right
–to–Know Act
(EPCRA) also exists in the United States. This document will address the roles of an emergency planner in emergency preparedness. Stages Of
Preparedness Cycle Mitigation Mitigation is the most important step of the preparedness process, and it involves the attempt to prevent hazardous
conditions from growing into disasters altogether, or to minimize the effects of disasters in case they occur (Cahfdisasterprep.com, 2016). The process
looks into the longterm readiness of

When Does Freezing Rain Become An Ice Storm?
According to the National Weather Service, "An ice storm is used to describe occasions when damaging accumulations of ice are expected during
freezing rain situations". Freezing rain occurs when the air is warm high up above the surface and colder close to the surface.
"These storms typically develop during the winter in a belt on the north side of a stationary or warm front. In this setting, a combination of three
conditions leads to freezing rain: (1) an ample source of moisture in the warm air mass south of the front, (2) warm air uplifted over a shallow layer of
cold air, and (3) objects on the land surface at or very close to freezing" (Keller, DeVecchio, p.312).
When does freezing rain become an ice storm? Freezing rain is considered an ice storm when the rain is continuing on for a long period of time. Ice
storms are more dangerous and have many more hazards associated with it than any other winter storm. The reason for this is because when freezing
rain hits the earth's surface it creates a thin, maybe even thick layer of ice. This type of ice that is formed is called "glaze" (Blizzards). The
thickness of the ice depends on how much we get and/or how long the storm lasts for. Ice storms can cause power outages, which for any storm, it is
pretty common. What makes this storm different and more dangerous from the rest of them is the amount of damage this causes. The glaze that coats
the surface also coats of the trees, wires and utility poles. Trees or tree

Aslamzeb Nebosh IGC3 March Final Essay
International GeneralCandidate's Observation
CertificatesSheet
(2011 Specifaction) IGC3–THE HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICAL APPLICATIONsheet number _01 of _08_
Student Name Hazrat Ullah ___________ Student number 00262421 Place inspected KARKON CONSTRUCTION COMPANY Date of inspection
27/11/014
Observation
Hazards and consequences
Control Measures Immediate and longer terms action
Timescale
1–Workers carrying building rocks from dumping point to foundation basement (distance 30 mtr approx)
Manually.
Increasing risk of manual handling will lead to server back injury over a period of time. WRULD, fatigue.
Carry out manual handling ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hazard of falling objects, dust
Possible risk of serious head injury to the people down below, spread of waste, respiratory problems
The workers are to be instructed to refrain from this unsafe act.
A suitable debris chute with large covered skip should be installed to safe disposal of rubbles from all the floors.
Safe disposal of all construction waste
Immediate
One week
Regular
9– Used wooden pieces with rusted nails littered at the work site. Risk of penetration of rusted nails leading piercing infected wound, other ill health

effects of iron rust is tetanus.
Housekeeping staff to be instructed to carry out thorough cleaning of the worksite on a regular basis.
Provide separate waste skip for wooden debris and make waste disposal program
Effective supervision of housekeeping activities fixed routines to be promulgated.
Immediate
01 week
regular
INTERNATIONAL GENERALCandidate Observation CERTIFICATEsheet (2011 specification) IGC3
–THE HEALTH AND SEFETY PRACTICAL
APPLICATIONsheet number _04 of _08_
Student Name Hazrat Ullah ___________ Student number 00262421 Place inspected KARKON CONSTRUCTION COMPANY Date of

Berwick Hospital System Essay
Assignment: Case Study for Berwick Hospital System
Assume that you are the newly appointed Chief Continuity Manager for the Berwick Hospital System. Outlining the major risks associated with
maintaining continuity of operations in the event of an environmental catastrophe, and making an outline of the basics of a continuity plan to cope
such a scenario.
To: the Chief Operating Officer
Subject: Risks Associated with Environmental Catastrophe
Berwick Hospital System has identified some of the same vulnerabilities with hospitals in Louisiana that experienced Katrina and Rita catastrophes. In
order to minimize the damage we might have in the event of environmental catastrophes, I summarized in this memo some potential risks of ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also additional administrative staffs may be required for more smooth operations. Those in the external community may also be at risks and need
transportation and treatment at Berwick Hospital Systems. In such events, transportation personnel, delivery personnel, and third party maintenance
personnel contacts should also be listed for emergency call.
To start our continuity operation plan, we can reach out to the emergencymanagement agency for assistance such as whether the hospital property is
located in a flood plain, community's tornado warning system, and seismic information of the area. Inside of the Berwick Hospital System, a team
needs to be built specific for continuity of operation plan. Team members involved, as needed, depending upon identified functional requirements
during the course of an emergency. However potential candidates must be trained with a set of procedure code so at the time of emergency event
occurring, everything can be handled at the best possible manner. Potential candidate pool includes but not limited to upper management, medical
specialties, maintenance, engineering, security, public information officers, community relations, information technology personnel, legal personnel,
and transportation personnel (FEMA, page 9).
Several important components must be addressed for making the continuity of operation plan. These components including human capital resources,
vital

A Research Study On Pharmaceutical Industry Essay
Content
Introduction2
Potential hazards & how to prevent them3
п‚§Gas explosion
п‚§Chemical hazards
Upper limb disorder 4
References5
Note for the teacher: anything in red and italic means that I am not sure if what I wrote was okay to write.
Introduction
Pharmaceutical industry is a science organisation that research and develop medicines to help improve people's life. There are four departments in
pharmaceutical. They are researching, development, production and marketing. In this report we will be going to investigate only 2 of these
departments. They are research and manufacturing. This investigation will include the risk on health and safety in both departments and how they are
similar or different to each other. We will be talking about how to prevent or decrease the risk of it happening and the cause of thehazard. Also we will
be talking about how it affects the employer and the employees.
Potential hazards & how to prevent them
Different hazards in manufacturing.
Dusts explosions can happen when stone or iron pieces get in to a disintegrator or grinding mill, this could create a spark which ignite any
flammable substance. This also requires large amount of oxygen available for the flame to ignite. To manage dust and avoid any explosion, dust
must not compile and it should be removed as soon as it formed. Also by using a process called inerting this will cause the dust to be diluted to a
level less than its lower limit of explosive range. This is

Emergency Mangers
The constant threat of focusing events, places a high level of pressure on emergency managers to respond appropriately to various levels of complex
disasters. Past focusing events, highlight the importance of communication and coordination before and after disasters. Consequently, citizens expect
emergency responders and government agencies to be accountable for rapidly responding to disasters in an organized manner. Prior to a focusing
event, it is beneficial for emergency mangers to determine disaster risk prioritization. I present methods that emergency mangers can use to determine
these priorities. Lastly, I discuss the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) to identify hazard zone areas.
One method to determine disaster risk prioritization is to conduct risk and vulnerability assessments (Kapucu & Г–zerdem, 2013). Secondly, surveys
can be given to citizens to determine how knowledgeable they are about what to do if a disaster was to occur. This could be crucial in disaster risk
prioritization because if there is a noticeable disconnect in what to do should a disaster ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
GIS is a strategic tool emergency mangers rely on to find hidden patterns, relationships, and trends in certain hazardous and high risk areas in the
community (Nirupama & Armnakis, 2013). Furthermore, GIS provides various consequences for disasters that can occur in these locations. This helps
emergency managers create assessments on which critical services such as fire, emergency medical services, and police are unable to respond to
certain hazard zones due to the effects. Additionally, since the GIS uses helicopters, planes, and satellites to capture pictures emergency mangers and
first responders are able to see what conditions look like on the ground to help determine their avenues of approach and courses of actions (Kamien,

Hazards Associated With The Hazards
HAZARDS IDENTIFIEDFORM 1 Project Title:Student Name:Noorah MostafaStudent No:688685 HAZARD IDENTIFIEDPRIORITYCOMMENTS
Ground InstabilityThis hazard happens in most construction sites due to water being close to construction site, sand can wash away or flow into holes
or fissures due to presence of water (Running–Sand). As well as Shrink–Swell; Clays that can swell when wet and shrink when dry, causing the ground
to rise and fall. Slip, trip or falls from height1The main hazards involved with working at height are people falling or objects falling onto people
from above Possibility of falling from an elevation of 60m is fatal. This is due to restricted working space, inadequate access and unsafe working
platform. Working above or near water can cause drowning and hypothermia. Obstructions in walkways Trenching and Deep excavation 2Each year, a
majority of construction workers figure out great risks in trenching and cave–in accidents. Cave–in accidents are likely to occur in worker fatalities than
any other excavation–related accidents. Can lead to serious incidents involving workers at construction sites. Other hazards include contact with buried
utilities Inhalation of Unsafe Substances4Actions performed on a construction site often produces unseen, toxic mixtures of materials and fibre's such
as dust, creating health issues to workers as well as to civilians near the site such as, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary and silicosis. Natural
Hazards3

Homeland Security Review Essay
Every year the United States faces new and different threats and hazards, which can be difficult to identify. The 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security
Review, which was released by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), laid out what they believe will drive risks to the nation over the next
several years. The report pinpointed six calculated challenges– terrorist threats; cyber threats; biological concerns; nuclear terrorism; transnational
criminal organizations, and natural hazards– which DHS feels are the most likely to occur (DHS, 2014, pg. 28). In this paper I will discuss each threat
in more detail and which of these threats pose the ultimate risks to local communities, and how the communities can utilize their resources to prevent
or mitigate these risks. The terrorist threat is quickly becoming one of the most significant threats to the United States, but more importantly to local
communities. Terrorist threats can come from large scale attacks like the 9/11 attacks or from smaller loan wolf threats like the San Bernardino, CA
shootings. In either case, local communities, families, and law enforcement (LE) agencies feel the initial impact as well as the immediate and long
term fallout. State, local, and tribal governments use the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment process to detect risks and decide how
to tackle the challenges (DHS, 2014, pg. 36). To try to prevent terrorist threats from occurring many local LE agencies have become

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