2. THE SYSTEM
Unique Combination of
AFM and Optics
Singular Fiber Optic
Probes
Leading To A World Of Optical Characterization For
THE CENTURY OF PHOTONICS
In The Near and Far-field Structurally Correlated &
Integrated With Electrical & Thermal Measurements
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
10. Interconnects near-field optics with the
worlds of nanoalignment & tests &
measurements
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
11. NanoOptical Probes
Glass Insulated Coaxial
NanoElectrical NanoWire
Probes
NanoHeaters or
Nanothermocouples
Nanopipette Fountain Pens
for On-line Gas
Based NanoDeposition
Single Nanoparticle Scattering
Probes With A Variety of Metal
Nanoparticles Such As Co, Au, Ni
All Probes Are Non-Obscuring
With Probe
Tips Exposed From
Above Unlike
Standard Silicon Probes
All Probes are
Multiprobe friendly
A NanoToolKitTM
of Unique Multiprobe Friendly
and Optically Friendly Probes
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
12. Simply Change The Probe To
Change The Function
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
13. Specialized Lens fibers produced by
Nanonics and nanocharacterized by NSOM
Nanonics 3D Collage of
AFM Topography and
Collection Mode NSOM
of an Integral Fiber
MicroLens
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
14. Obviously Unprecedented
Profiling Can Be Done In The
Near-field and Far-field
By Collecting With the Tip
In What Is
Called Collection Mode
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
15. 3D representation of the optical
signal measured at the surface
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
16. Line scan of the NSOM image
ΔX=0.7 μm
2.521.510.50
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
X[µm]
Z[MHz]
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
17. 3D NSOM distribution of the optical signal
transmitted from the surface at different distances
from the sample surface
60μm
contact
contact
5μm 15μm 20μm
30μm 40μm 50μm 60μm
10μm
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
18. Spot width at different heights from the
surface – Normalized intensity
Contact =0.5um
5um lift =2.5um
10um lift =5.1um
15um lift =9um
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
19. contact 5um 10um
20um15um 25um
Profile as a function of distance
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
21. And The Optometronic 4000 also allows
for injection top and the bottom injection
as with all Nanonics platforms
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
22. And hybrid structures are being
devised all the time in
continuous developments
APL 2010
plasmonics
integration
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
Studied With
Collection Mode
23. Near-field phase mapping exploiting intrinsic
oscillations of NSOM aperture probe
OPTICS EXPRESS 12014, 20 June
2011 / Vol. 19, No. 13
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
24. Fiber Lens NanoAlignment & Light Injection
Into a Silicon Waveguide lying flat on the
sample stage
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
25. Simultaneous injection into a
silicon waveguide & evanescent
field collection
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
26. Simultaneous injection and
evanescent field imaging
collection near-field imaging
8.0µm 8.0µm
AFM
Collection NSOM
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
28. Evanescent wave decay as a function
of height from waveguide surface
• Single point measurement
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
29. But often injection and imaging
the evanescent field is not enough
The Next Evolution in SPMTM
Injection
&
Collection
From the
Side
30. Nanonics NSOM/AFM Probes With
Exposed Tips Allow For Effective Side
Wall Imaging Both Optically and
Structurally
The Next Evolution in SPMTM
31. The Scanners & Probes Also
Allow For Deep Trench Imaging
Exemplary Structures Are Shown
Can Be Imaged By Nanonics Due To
Availability of::
• Large Z Scanning Range 85µ
• The Long Tip Length of 100µ
• The Very High 10:1 Aspect Ratio
Of Nanonics Tips
• And STFMTM
Which Allows A Soft
Touch AC Mode To Keep These
Large Particles In Place
10µ x 10µ AFM Image of a
0µ deep and 2µ wide trench
For Comparison
Similar Imaging
With Silicon
Cantilever
FIB Etched Trench
The Next Evolution in SPMTM
32. Illumination Mode Apertured NSOM: With
One of the First Nanonics Instruments Built
Near-field illumination
producing all k vectors for
exciting plasmonic energy
transport at will
Lens
Maier et al at Cal Tech Used Nanonics’ First
System Introduced 18 years Ago In
This Highly Cited NSOM Measurement.
This, Opened NSOM Application For Plasmon
Characterization.
The Instrumentation As With All Nanonics
Instrumentation Allowed For A Completely Free
Optical Axis From Above Allowing Independent
Placement of the Microscope Lens
and NSOM probe To Allow the Detection
of Plasmon Propagation.
The Paper Has Been Cited Over 1800 Times
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
35. Distributed feedback laser
AFM & NSOM image
at higher injection currents
22.5mA
Collage of AFM
with Light
Distribution
2D NSOM
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
36. High current 50 mA
NSOM & AFM
AFM
Collage of AFM with
Light Distribution
AFM 20.5 mA
for comparison
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
37. Laser cavity height as a
function of injection current
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
39. 1. Correlation of the
light distribution and
geometric structure of
the v groove laser
2. Notice the 150 nm
offset
3. Such information
critical to understand
the distribution of light
as compared to the
material associated
with the gain medium
4. QA of maximizing
gain
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
42. Dual wire glass insulated
thermal conductivity probes
AFM /
Thermoresistive
Probe
AFM
Thermal Conductivity
The Next Evolution in SPMTM
43. T 0
1 mµ1 mµ
Q W R 2 9 3 - N S O M Q W R 2 9 4 - T e m p e r a t u r e
Correlation of light distribution
with thermal characteristics
The Next Evolution in SPMTM
44. The Nanonics Optometronic 4000
An Integrated Platform For
Optical Electrical & Thermal
Micro/Nanocharacterization
For
Integrated Photonics
In The 21st Century
The Century of Photonics
The Next Evolution Integrated Optical CharacterizationTM
Editor's Notes
Nanonics systems interconnecting cantilevered fiber optic probes with nanometric sample scanning stages can also be transparently integrated into light wave measuring systems.
Emphasize the separation of the probe and the lens
Distributed feedback laser structure, light distribution and collage of structure and light distribution at a low injection current
As the injection current is increased the laser heats up and there is an alteration in the topography of the laser which alters the light distribution.
Collection of light emitted by an electrically excited quantum wire laser. The difference between the left and right image is 0.8 nm in wavelength and this changes the mode structure of the laser. Such a mode structure change could only be detected with near-field optics The individual pixels in these images are about 70 nm. The spectrally selective methodology used to obtain these images is seen on the next slide.
The collection mode image was collected by the near-field optical fiber and passed through a monochromator or spectrograph to a detector. The image was then made at either 805 nm or 805.8 nm. This small wavelength change caused a large change in the distribution of light. The far-field optical resolution in this case is approximately equal to the 0.5 micron bar on the image and such a pixel size would have completely missed the possibility to image this change in light distribution with wavelength from this nanophotonic active device.
Dual-NanoWire Thermo-Resistance
In the Dual Wire Thermo-Resistance probe, two platinum wires are stretched through the nanopipette and fused together at their tips. This fused junction has a resistance that is temperature-dependent. This unique tip allows simultaneous measurement of surface topography and thermal conductivity even in intermittent contact mode. With multiple probes heat can be introduced at specific locations and detected at other locations. The probes can also be used for resistance measurements and this is indicated on the next slide.
The light distribution and the thermal imaging shows that the thermal characteristics are related to the p injection current rather than the light intensity. Such thermal and optical characterization are ideal for multiprobe systems.