2. introduction
well before the development of ``education in Colombia`` I would like
to make a small recount of social factors that influenced the topic to
talk about. so, Colombia during the XIX century suffered changes after
the rise of liberal and conservative political parties.
these parties began to have ideas about how to govern the country,
then to implement them. during this century these were the events:
*political parties were formed from 1848 to 1849
*Revolution of 1854(a movement against free trade)
*regeneration with Rafael Nunez in 1886( he did several changes to
the country)
*the war of a thousand days when to Colombia looses panama. from
1899 to 1902
3. XIX Century
In 1835, under the leadership of President General Francisco de Paula
Santander and the Minister of Education Jose Ignacio de Marquez, promoted
education as an indispensable tool for the Colombian people leaving the
ignorance that Colombia had at that time (98% of illiteracy)
It is therefore necessary to create Do educational institutions in different regions
of the country and mainly in rural areas as: Mompox, Cartagena, Tunja and
Popayan. Since they were considered sites of high rates of illiteracy and school
dropout.
Later, the Constitution of 1853, strengthened education, and for this reason was
called "THE GOLDEN AGE EDUCATION" due to the creation of several
institutions, the public and the involvement of teachers from abroad.
However, this system lasted until the year 1885 as the then-liberal hegemony
was superseded.
The Constitution of 1886, established one of his articles in the participation of
the Catholic Church in order, students create various trades in which they could
perform.
But remember that before 1875, under President Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera,
expelled the Jesuits and took away the power to educate. Returning these ruins
4. Finishing XIX century and starting XX century
In 1899, Colombia emerged in the War of the Thousand Days, One of the
consequences that education brought to the slaughter of more than half of
the population and intractable disasters. Beginning the XX century the
nation with a deep crisis and a sagging economy meant that many children
left schools and also the return of new government, the decree of 1872
which promulgated the following:
Students would study urban primary school for 6 years and the rural area
for 3 years, determine a second-class education, that is, facilities poor
conditions, low wages for teachers and little material to work.
To this is added, the authoritarianism of the Catholic Church and adding to
the curriculum subjects such as: Religion, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic.
5. First half of XX century
the imprint of the new rules established by the 1886 Constitution,
product of the initial regeneration step performed by the chairman
Rafael Nunez. Under this rule, "public education will be organized and
conducted in accordance with the Catholic religion “, adding that the
instruction primary, paid for with public funds, "will be free and compulsory."
The church assumed complete control of education, a situation that
continued until the initiation of liberal governments in 1930.
However, a deep change in national habits which began
to influence the concepts of education, became visible at the end of
War of a Thousand Days. The coffee industry began to show a development
accelerated, especially in Antioquia, crystallized many projects
industrialists who had been given at the end of the previous century. A
pragmatic education system suitable for the further development of the
economy.
6. This was received by the government and, in 1903, President
Marroquin
passed the Education Act which divided into primary, secondary
and professional, presenting a breakthrough in the case of the
secondary is
structured and classical technique. The first included modern
languages and subjects
prior to university education and professional and the second
emphasized
in philosophy and letters. Stated the rule that rural primary
should give importance to citizens for
tasks of agriculture, industry and commerce.
University education was also shocked by the new phenomena
economic progress of the century, the development of
services and manufacturing, which produced the progressive
migration of peasants to the cities, attracted by the supply of goods
and higher income.
The century began with a university as a traditionalist, dogmatic, with
very limited scope of investigation and a precarious range
technological specialties.
7. Second half of XX century
in the early 50's, appears public
higher education and private party Meanwhile, that public higher
relying on technical careers, education was the trainer of
professionalization of teachers, educators and crafts.
schools semi - educated with
commercial mode, even leaving Similarly, private schools were a
aside the Normalista education in great choice for middle and upper
the early 30's. classes has already begun to
appear in those years. So, Carlos
The reforms, and the laws made by Lleras Restrepo national president
various governments made in the in 1970 created the Institutes of
60 and 70 were formed more Education and Diversified Media
private colleges and universities in INEM, as an indispensable tool of
order, to provide advanced formal education and training aimed
education and pro-development of at technical school graduates.
the nation some careers: nursing ,
Mass Communication, Philosophy
Humanities among others, made
their appearance and once were the
choice of study for many students.
8. Finishing XX century
In 1983 the open and distance higher education was offered in 94 municipalities
the country for a coverage of 238,044 students of which 56% aspired
to a degree in formal education and 44% were enrolled in programs
non-formal education.
From that year, this type of education became one of the objectives
government's priority as the axis of the expansion of educational coverage
higher.
In 1986 the number of students rose to 60,000, taking advantage of the 198
established programs, of which 2 are of intermediate formation, 50
technology, 43 and 3 university level higher education. now
38 institutions, 21 officers and 17 private offering such education
throughout the country. The program's future is secured with a credit
Inter-American Development Bank for $ 37.5 million and a
national contribution equivalent to 28 million.
To develop the system, the government articulated a new university,
Unisur with pilot center. In two years of activities has created an offering
education of 7,800 students in 327 municipalities. an infrastructure
nine regional centers of distance education, 30 operating units and
agreements with private companies, faith communities and local governments.
9. XXI century (actual society, actual education)
Virtual Learning Communities have their field of interaction in virtual
learning environments and form a space where human and technical merge
in search of a consistent understanding through collaboration, cooperation
and coordination. They carry Collaborative Learning Computer Aided or
Computer Support Collaborative Learning (CSCL), and its formation can
occur informally, through research networks and virtual learning, or formally
through participation in programs offered by virtual learning different
universities in the world. They rely primarily on Information Technology and
Communication Technologies (ICTs), for through them, become accessible
to a broader community of people with similar interests from different
latitudes of the world, a fact that has changed the habits and behavior
society.
The virtual learning has become a challenge for managers, teachers,
students and for those who design and produce hardware and educational
software. This challenge is the priority need to support the participation,
action and the design of artifacts typical of the AVA, in the truly social nature
of learning.
