Lecture from Generative Design course at Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation.

1. ARCH A4845
Generative design

2. Design space model
OPTIMIZATION
Design parameters
(genotype)
Design geometry
(morphogenesis)
Design measures
(phenotype)
Optimization
(evolution)
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

3. Computer simulation
Graph-based
• logistics and routing
(shortest path)
• clustering
Finite element analysis (FEA)
• static-state simulation
• structural analysis (routing of forces) in 1/2/3d
• daylighting, sun/shading analysis
Crowd simulation
• agent-based behavior
• human-level perception
metrics such as crowding
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
• fluid flow and velocities (air, water)
• heat dissipation
STATICDYNAMIC
Ray-based
• view analysis
• isovist
Physics-based
• agent-based system
• relaxation
• “form-finding” Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

4. Finite element analysis (FEA) - node and beam (1d)
Model setup (nodes and beam centerlines)
Beam Element (2D Line)
Beam elements are long and slender, have three
nodes, and can be oriented anywhere in 3D
space
Beam corss section definition Load application and deflection
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

5. Finite element analysis (FEA) - mesh (2d/3d)
Surface Mesh Solid (Volumetric) Mesh
Membrane Element (2D Planar)
Membrane Elements are 3 or 4 node 2D
elements that can be oriented anywhere in 3D
space.
3D Tetrahedra Element (3D Solid)
Tetrahedra elements are normally used to
model solid objects for which plate elements
are not appropriate
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

6. Solar analysis
Shadow study Insolation (solar radiation) - exterior Daylighting - interior
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

7. View analysis (space syntax)
Single generated isovist Isovist field
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

8. Graph analysis
Simon Breslav, Rhys Goldstein, Alex Tessier, Azam Khan
Towards Visualization of Simulated Occupants and their
Interactions with Buildings at Multiple Time Scales
SimAUD (2014) Conference proceedings
Danil Nagy, Lorenzo Villaggi, Jim Stoddart, David Benjamin
The Buzz Metric: A Graph based Method for Quantifying Productive Congestion
in Generative Space Planning for Architecture,
Technology | Architecture + Design (Taylor & Francis, 2017)
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

9. Physics-based simulation (form finding)
Antoino Guadi, hanging model for the
Colònia Güell
Frei Otto, soap bubble minimal surface
model
Daniel Piker, Kangaroo plugin for
Rhinoceros Grasshopper
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

10. MOS, Installation No. 9 (Rainbow Vomit) MOS, Software No. 3 (Stack)
Physics-based simulation (form finding)
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

11. Crowd simulation
KAIST (Public university in Daejeon, South Korea )
Francisco Arturo Rojas, Jin Hyoung Park, Hyun Seung Yang
Sharad Sharma, Stephen Otunba, Jingxin Han (2011)
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

12. Wind tunnel Air movement/heat dissipation Fluid analysis
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design

13. ARCH A4845
Generative design
Columbia University GSAPP
ARCH A4845: Generative design