* American Portraits: Jane Addams Jane Addams, c. 1912. Photograph. “Unless our conception of patriotism is progressive, it cannot hope to embody the real affection and the real interest of the nation.” Jane Addams * HIST 180 Survey of American History Jane Addams, c. 1912. Photograph. Benjamin Cawthra, Ph.D. California State University, Fullerton * Rise of the Progressives: A New Century Begins Timeline: A New Century Begins Freedom and the Progressive State City Life: The Ashcan School Industrial Freedom and Socialism A Living Wage and Consumption Progressive Limits * 1. Timeline: A New Century Begins 1900 William McKinley reelected president, again defeating William Jennings Bryan. 1901 McKinley assassinated; Theodore Roosevelt becomes president. Socialist Party of America organized. 1901-11 US intervenes in the affairs of Central American counties, including Cuba, Haiti, and Nicaragua, including military invasions of Cuba (1906) and Nicaragua (1911). 1902 Roosevelt launches successful antitrust action against Northern Securities. Roosevelt elected, defeating Dem. Alan Parker and Socialist Eugene Debs. Lincoln Steffens’s The Shame of the Cities published. Niagara Movement formed to agitate for integration and civil rights for African Americans. Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle published. Meat Packing Act and Pure Food and Drug acts passed. 1907 Financial panic; Roosevelt turns to J.P. Morgan and bankers for help. Roosevelt convenes National Conservation Congress. William Howard Taft elected president, defeating Bryan and Debs. 1909 Taft inaugurates “Dollar Diplomacy” in China and Latin America. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded. Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management published. Standard Oil and American Tobacco trusts dissolved. * 2. Freedom and the Progressive State Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906. * Theodore Roosevelt, c. 1910. Photograph. Progressive Aims: Destroy power of trusts Protect consumers Eliminate cutthroat competition Industrial Freedom in the workplace * Theodore Roosevelt, c. 1910. Photograph. Progressive Accomplishments: New administrative agencies Federal Reserve Board Federal Trade Commission Laws establishing parameters for labor relations, business behavior, financial policy. Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 * * 3. City Life: The Ashcan School George Bellows, New York, 1909. Oil on canvas. * Robert Henri, Snow in New York, 1902. Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Art. * Everett Shinn, Robert Henri, John Sloane, ca. 1896 Photograph. “Do it all in one sitting if you can. In one minute if you can.” Robert Henri * Robert Henri, Paddy Flanigan, 1908. Oil on canvas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Robert Henri, Willie Gee, 1904. Oil on canvas. Newark Museum. * William Glackens, At Mouquin’s, 1905. Oil on canvas. A ...

1. *
American Portraits: Jane Addams
Jane Addams, c. 1912.
Photograph.
“Unless our conception of patriotism is progressive, it cannot
hope to embody the real affection and the real interest of the
nation.”
Jane Addams
*
HIST 180 Survey of American History
Jane Addams, c. 1912.
Photograph.
Benjamin Cawthra, Ph.D.
California State University, Fullerton

2. *
Rise of the Progressives: A New Century Begins
Timeline: A New Century Begins
Freedom and the Progressive State
City Life: The Ashcan School
Industrial Freedom and Socialism
A Living Wage and Consumption
Progressive Limits
*
1. Timeline: A New Century Begins
1900 William McKinley reelected president, again defeating
William Jennings Bryan.
1901 McKinley assassinated; Theodore Roosevelt becomes
president.
Socialist Party of America organized.
1901-11 US intervenes in the affairs of Central American
counties, including Cuba, Haiti, and Nicaragua, including
military invasions of Cuba (1906) and Nicaragua (1911).
1902 Roosevelt launches successful antitrust action against
Northern Securities.
Roosevelt elected, defeating Dem. Alan Parker and Socialist
Eugene Debs.
Lincoln Steffens’s The Shame of the Cities published.
Niagara Movement formed to agitate for integration and
civil rights for African Americans.

3. Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle published.
Meat Packing Act and Pure Food and Drug acts passed.
1907 Financial panic; Roosevelt turns to J.P. Morgan and
bankers for help.
Roosevelt convenes National Conservation Congress.
William Howard Taft elected president, defeating Bryan
and Debs.
1909 Taft inaugurates “Dollar Diplomacy” in China and Latin
America.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) founded.
Frederick Winslow Taylor’s Principles of Scientific
Management published.
Standard Oil and American Tobacco trusts dissolved.
*
2. Freedom and the Progressive State
Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906.
*
Theodore Roosevelt, c. 1910.
Photograph.
Progressive Aims:
Destroy power of trusts
Protect consumers

4. Eliminate cutthroat competition
Industrial Freedom in the workplace
*
Theodore Roosevelt, c. 1910.
Photograph.
Progressive Accomplishments:
New administrative agencies
Federal Reserve Board
Federal Trade Commission
Laws establishing parameters for labor relations, business
behavior, financial policy.
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
*
*
3. City Life: The Ashcan School

5. George Bellows, New York, 1909.
Oil on canvas.
*
Robert Henri, Snow in New York, 1902.
Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Art.
*
Everett Shinn, Robert Henri, John Sloane, ca. 1896
Photograph.
“Do it all in one sitting if you can. In one minute if you can.”
Robert Henri
*
Robert Henri, Paddy Flanigan, 1908.
Oil on canvas. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

6. Robert Henri, Willie Gee, 1904.
Oil on canvas. Newark Museum.
*
William Glackens, At Mouquin’s, 1905.
Oil on canvas. Art Institute of Chicago
Everett Shinn, Footlight Flirtation, 1912.
Oil on canvas. Arthur G. Altschul Collection.
*
John Sloan, Hairdresser’s Window, 1907.
Oil on canvas. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Connecticut
George Bellows, Stag at Sharkey’s, 1909.
Oil on canvas. Cleveland Museum of Art.

7. *
Theodore Roosevelt at various stages in life: dude cowboy,
Rough Rider, President of the United States.
*
George Bellows, Stag at Sharkey’s, 1909.
Oil on canvas. Cleveland Museum of Art.
*
George Bellows, Both Members of This Club, 1909.
Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Art.
*
Jim Jeffries and Jack Johnson fight for the heavyweight

8. championship, Reno, 1910.
Photograph.
*
4. Immigration and Socialism
George Luks, Hester Street, 1905.
Oil on canvas. Brooklyn Museum of Art.
*
John Sloan, Ludlow, Colorado (Class War in Colorado), 1914.
Lithographic crayon on paper.
*
5. A Living Wage and Consumption
William Glackens, The Shoppers, 1907.
Oil on canvas.
*

9. *
6. Progressive Limits
Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities, 1904.
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
*
Lewis Hine, Sadie Pfeifer, 1908.
Photograph.
*

10. Lewis Hine, Newsboys, 1908.
Photograph.
*
John Sloan, A Woman’s Work, 1912.
Oil on canvas.
*
*
*

11. American Portraits: Charles Lindbergh
*
HIST 180: Survey of American History
Benjamin Cawthra, Ph.D.
California State University, Fullerton
*
The Modern Temper: The 1920s
Timeline: The Modern Temper: The 1920s
Who Is An American?
Tradition and the 1920s Klan
Immigration Policy
The Challenge of Modernism
Charles Sheeler and Modernism
*

12. 1. Timeline: The Modern Temper: The 1920s
Republican Warren G. Harding elected president.
First bill passed restricting immigration by national quotas.
President Harding dies; Calvin Coolidge becomes president.
1924 National Origins Act further limits immigration by quotas.
Teapot Dome and other Harding administration scandals
exposed.
George Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue performed.
Coolidge elected president.
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby published.
Charles Chaplin’s The Gold Rush debuts.
Sacco and Vanzetti executed.
Herbert Hoover elected president.
Stock-market crash begins the Great Depression.
*
2. Who Is An American?
Gordon Grant, To Them that Star Stood for One
Hundred Percent American Soldier, 1918. Poster.
*
Woodrow Wilson, 1919, the year he failed to convince
the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.

13. Twentieth-century racial typing
Race Types, from Maury’s Complete Geography, 1906.
*
U.S. Immigration Commission, Dictionary of Races or Peoples,
1911.
Persian: “In intellect, if not in civilization, the Persian is
perhaps more nearly a European than is the pure Turk. He is
more alert and accessible to innovation. Yet he is rather
brilliant and poetical than solid in temperament. Like the Hindu
he is more eager to secure the semblance than the substance of
modern civilization.”
*
English School Graduates, Ford Motor Company, gathering
around a melting pot, c. 1915.
*

14. 3. Tradition and the 1920s Klan
The Birth of a Nation (D.W. Griffith, 1915)
*
Ku Klux Klan march, Washington, D.C, August 8, 1925.
Photograph.
Pro:
Racialism
Citizenship
Freedom
Con:
Feminism
Labor radicalism
Corporations
*
4. Immigration Policy
Calvin Coolidge.
Photograph.
“America must be kept American.”

15. Calvin Coolidge, 1924
*
Better Babies competition, Tennessee State Fair, 1908
*
5. The Challenge of Modernism
Bartolomeo Vanzetti and Nicola Sacco, ca. 1920.
Photograph.
*
Ben Shahn, Vanzetti and Sacco, 1927.
Poster.
*

16. Ben Shahn, The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti, 1930.
Detail from mural.
*
Ernest Blumenschein, Church at Chimayo, 1929.
Oil on canvas.
*
Louis Armstrong.
*

17. Winold Reiss, Portrait of Langston Hughes, c. 1925.
Pastel on artist board.
*
Aaron Douglas, Harriet Tubman, c. 1927.
Oil on canvas.
*
Aaron Douglas, Rebirth, c. 1927.
Illustration.
*
James VanDerZee, Couple on 127th Street. 1932.

18. Photograph.
*
Charlie Chaplin.
Photograph.
*
Paramount Pictures Gate, 1926
MGM logo, 1928

19. *
National Broadcasting Company, 1926
Columbia Broadcasting System, 1927
*
Bobby Jones, Jack Dempsey, Red Grange
*

20. Babe Ruth, 1920.
Photograph.
*
6. Charles Sheeler and Modernism
Paul Strand and Charles Sheeler, still from Manhatta (1921).
*

21. *
*
*
What Can You Do?, c.
1917. Poster.
*

22. Paul Strand and Charles Sheeler, still from Manhatta (1921).
*
*
Charles Sheeler, Criss-Crossed Conveyers, 1927.
Photograph.
*
Charles Sheeler, Stamping Press, 1927.
Photograph.
*

23. Charles Sheeler, American Landscape, 1930.
Oil on canvas. Museum of Modern Art.
*
Charles Sheeler, Classic Landscape, 1931.
Oil on canvas.
*
American Portraits: Selling the Great War
James Montgomery Flagg, Wake Up, America!, 1917.
Poster.

24. *
Howard Chandler Christy, Clear the
Way!!, 1918.
Poster.
*
Howard Chandler Christy, Gee!! I Wish I Were a Man, 1917.
Poster.
*
What Can You Do?, c.
1917.
Poster.
*

25. *
HIST 180 Survey of American History
What Can You Do?, c.
1917.
Poster.
Benjamin Cawthra, Ph.D.
California State University, Fullerton
*
The Great War and American Society
Timeline: The Great War and American Society
Modernism and Alien Art
World War I and the Crisis of Freedom
African Americans and the War
Workers and the War
Suppressing Dissent
*

26. 1. Timeline: The Great War and American Society
1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York kills 146
women; revision of state factory codes.
Democrat Woodrow Wilson elected president, defeating
Republican Taft, Progressive Roosevelt, and Socialist Debs in
the “Progressive Election.”
National Woman’s Party formed under Alice Paul.
Federal Reserve System created.
Armory Show and Paterson Pageant in New York.
1914 Great War begins in Europe; Wilson declares American
neutrality.
Federal Trade Commission created to regulate business
practices.
Panama Canal opened.
US troops occupy Haiti.
Germans declare submarine warfare; sink Lusitania with
loss of American lives.
Louis Brandeis appointed to Supreme Court.
Wilson re-elected, defeating Republican Charles Evans
Hughes.
General John J. Pershing leads expedition into Mexico to
hunt Pancho Villa.
Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare; US enters the
war. Espionage Act.
Russian Revolution.
Sedition Act, providing severe penalties for “disloyal” opinions.
Armistice; Germany defeated.
Congress passes Nineteenth Amendment, giving vote to women;
ratified 1920.
Steel Strike.
Race Riots in Chicago, East St. Louis, and Washington.
*

27. 2. Modernism and Alien Art
Marcel Duchanp, Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2,
1912.
Oil on canvas.
*
*
3. World War I and the Crisis of Freedom
John Singer Sargent, Gassed, 1919.
Oil on canvas. Imperial War Museum, London.
*
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

28. *
AEF troops fighting in the Argonne Forest advance, 1918.
*
H.R. Hopps, Destroy This Mad Brute, 1917. Poster.
*
Joseph Pennell, That Liberty Shall Not Perish from the Earth,
1918. Poster.
*
Suffragist addresses crowd in St. Louis, c. 1913.

29. Photograph. Missouri Historical Society.
*
Silent Sentinels, Washington, D.C., 1917.
Photograph.
*
4. African Americans and the War
C.M. Battey, W.E.B. Du Bois, 1918.
Photograph.
*
369th Regiment (Colored) marches through Harlem after
serving in France.
*

30. Paris Peace Conference, 1919. Wilson is seated at center.
*
5. Workers and the War
Art Young, Having Their Fling, 1917 (published in The
Masses).
*
Art Young, Fattened by the Horrors of War, 1919
(published in The Masses).
*
6. Suppressing Dissent
Robert Minor, Army Medical Examiner: “At Last, a Perfect
Soldier,” 1916 (published in The Masses).
Espionage Act, 1917
Sedition Act, 1918

31. *
Eugene V. Debs.
*
Alley, Come Unto Me, Ye Opprest!” from Literary Digest, July
5, 1919.
*
U.S. Government: World War I Poster, 1917.
*

32. U.S. Government: World War I Poster, 1917.
*