1.Mr. Smith asked his students to write an equation for the graph shown. Luke wrote the equation y= ( x-5 ) ( x+1) y=(x−5)(x+1). Which set of scaffolding questions would be the most appropriate for Mr. Smith to ask Luke to help Luke realize his mistake? A. If you convert your equation to the expanded form of a quadratic, what is the coefficient of x^{2}x2? Where is this value located on the graph? B. What is the y-intercept of the graph? Where is this value located in your equation? C. If you evaluate your equation at x=1 what is the value of y? Does this match the y-value at x=1 on the graph? 2. The table below shows selected x and y values for a linear function. What is the y-intercept of the function? x 4 7 9 y 13 31 43 A. 6 B. -11 C. -5 3. Jim enrolled in a new gym membership this year which required a $50 membership fee and a $70 monthly fee. Jim wrote an equation in the form y=mx+b to find the total amount he has spent on his gym membership this year. What is the meaning of the $70 monthly fee in his equation? A. 70 is the slope of the line B. 70 is the total amount he has spent this year C. 70 is the y-intercept of the line 4. Which four of the following lines are perpendicular to 5x-2y=7? Select all answers that apply. A. 2x+5y=13 B. 5y=-2x+10 C. 2/3X +5/3Y=1/3 D. 5X+2Y=7 5. Jason is mowing lawns to save up for a new phone. He mows four lawns a day and for each lawn he mows, he earns $30. The table shows the amount of money he makes each day when he mows lawns. Based on the table, what is the total number of days, d, needed to save m amount of money? Day Total Amount of Money Made 1 $120 2 $240 3 $360 4 $480 A. m=120d B. m=120 (d-1) C. m=d+120 6. On the first day of this year, Erin deposited $2500 into a savings account that earns 4% annual interest, compounded monthly. If she does not have any plans to deposit or withdraw any money, how much money will be in the account at the end of the year? A. $4002.58 B. $2600.00 C. $2601.85 7. The local radio station is giving away free concert tickets to the 104th person who calls in. Andrew and John want to win the concert tickets, so Andrew calls into the station 6 times and John calls in x times. If the probability that either Andrew or John wins the concert tickets is 0.125, what is the value of x? A. 6 B. 7 C. 4 8. The ΔADB is inscribed in circle C with radius 8. If DB=x, find AD. A. AD=sqrt{64-x^{2}} B. AD=sqrt{256-x^{2}} C. AD=16-x 9. The parabola f(x) = -3/2X^2 + 4X is graphed below along with a tangent line at (2,F(2)). What is the slope of the tangent line? A. -3 B. 0 C. -2 10. In the past several years, the number of students enrolled at a local university has decreased by 14% each year. Currently, there are 23,562 students enrolled. If this trend continues, how many students will be enrolled in 5 years? A. 20,263 B. 11,084 C. 3,299 11. Student work is shown below. Step 1: 6x-8=10x+4 Step 2: -8=4x+4 Step 3: -12=4x Step 4: -3=x What property listed below c.

1. 1.Mr. Smith asked his students to write an equation for the
graph shown.
Luke wrote the equation y= ( x-5 ) ( x+1) y=(x−5)(x+1). Which
set of scaffolding questions would be the most appropriate for
Mr. Smith to ask Luke to help Luke realize his mistake?
A. If you convert your equation to the expanded form of a
quadratic, what is the coefficient of x^{2}x2? Where is this
value located on the graph?
B. What is the y-intercept of the graph? Where is this value
located in your equation?
C. If you evaluate your equation at x=1 what is the value of y?
Does this match the y-value at x=1 on the graph?
2. The table below shows selected x and y values for a linear
function. What is the y-intercept of the function?
x
4
7
9
y
13
31
43
A. 6
B. -11
C. -5
3. Jim enrolled in a new gym membership this year which

2. required a $50 membership fee and a $70 monthly fee. Jim
wrote an equation in the form y=mx+b to find the total amount
he has spent on his gym membership this year. What is the
meaning of the $70 monthly fee in his equation?
A. 70 is the slope of the line
B. 70 is the total amount he has spent this year
C. 70 is the y-intercept of the line
4. Which four of the following lines are perpendicular to 5x-
2y=7?
Select all answers that apply.
A. 2x+5y=13
B. 5y=-2x+10
C. 2/3X +5/3Y=1/3
D. 5X+2Y=7
5. Jason is mowing lawns to save up for a new phone. He mows
four lawns a day and for each lawn he mows, he earns $30. The
table shows the amount of money he makes each day when he
mows lawns. Based on the table, what is the total number of
days, d, needed to save m amount of money?
Day
Total Amount of Money Made
1
$120
2
$240
3
$360
4
$480
A. m=120d
B. m=120 (d-1)
C. m=d+120

3. 6. On the first day of this year, Erin deposited $2500 into a
savings account that earns 4% annual interest, compounded
monthly. If she does not have any plans to deposit or withdraw
any money, how much money will be in the account at the end
of the year?
A. $4002.58
B. $2600.00
C. $2601.85
7. The local radio station is giving away free concert tickets to
the 104th person who calls in. Andrew and John want to win the
concert tickets, so Andrew calls into the station 6 times and
John calls in x times. If the probability that either Andrew or
John wins the concert tickets is 0.125, what is the value of x?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 4
8. The ΔADB is inscribed in circle C with radius 8.
If DB=x, find AD.
A. AD=sqrt{64-x^{2}}
B. AD=sqrt{256-x^{2}}
C. AD=16-x
9. The parabola f(x) = -3/2X^2 + 4X is graphed below along
with a tangent line at (2,F(2)). What is the slope of the tangent
line?
A. -3
B. 0

4. C. -2
10. In the past several years, the number of students enrolled at
a local university has decreased by 14% each year. Currently,
there are 23,562 students enrolled. If this trend continues, how
many students will be enrolled in 5 years?
A. 20,263
B. 11,084
C. 3,299
11. Student work is shown below.
Step 1: 6x-8=10x+4
Step 2: -8=4x+4
Step 3: -12=4x
Step 4: -3=x
What property listed below could be used to justify the student
work in step 2?
A. Associative property of addition
B. Transitive property of equality
C. Addition property of equality
12. Grace and Sally are making decorations for their senior
prom. One of the decorations is a sphere with a 3 foot diameter
that they are going to paper mache with 35% silver paper and
65% gold paper. If each roll of paper covers 5 square feet and
costs $8.00, how much money will the girls spend on gold
paper?
A. $48.00
B. $24.00
C. $32.00

5. 13. The probability that event N will occur is 0.74. The
probability that event N and event O will occur is 0.1628.
If N and O are independent events, what is the probability that
event O will not occur?
A. 0.26
B. 0.58
C. 0.78
14. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be used as a
summative assessment for teaching students about fractions?
A. students writing an explanation of how to order improper
fractions.
B. students putting improper fractions in ascending order as a
warm-up activity at the board
C. students participating in individual teacher-student
interviews on fraction concepts
15. What concept should students be comfortable with before
starting a unit on solving simple equations?
A. greatest common factor
B. least common multiple
C. order of operations
16. A teacher is introducing a new concept to her class. She
explains the concept and then does one example problem. Next,
she writes a problem on the board for the students to try. What
is the best next step for the teacher to take?
A. Give students the opportunity to discuss their thoughts
with a neighbor, then allow them time to formulate and answer.
B. Provide the answer to the questions and ask students for a
thumbs up if they agree.
C. Give the students 5 minutes to complete the problem, then
collect and grade as a quiz.
17. During a unit on finances, a teacher begins an activity by

6. randomly assigning a job and a salary to each student in class.
Which of the following real-life situations is best to help
students understand gross income versus net income?
A. Students must pay taxes on their earnings.
B. Students can have a portion of the earnings put into
savings.
C. Students may purchase bonds.
18. Carrie conducts a random survey of 125 seniors at her high
school about their lunch habits. Of the 125 students she
surveyed, 50 students reported that they eat fast-food for at
least 2 lunches a week. Which of the following statements is a
reasonable conclusion for her statistical study?
A. Carrie concludes that the proportion of all students in her
high school who eat at least two fast-food lunches a week is
approximately 40%.
B. If Carrie conducts this survey again with a different
random sample of 125 seniors, the proportion of seniors who eat
at least two fast-food lunches a week will be 40%.
C. Carrie concludes with 95% confidence that the true
proportion of seniors at her school who eat at least two fast-
food lunches a week is between 31% and 49%.
19. Sarah wants to put her TV in the corner of her living room
where it is most viewable from her couch. If her TV is 50
inches wide and the distance along the wall from the TV to the
corner is 25 inches, what is the angle between that wall and the
TV?
A. 45°
B. 60°
C. The measure of the angle cannot be determined with the
information given.

7. Unit 7, Sections A and B :
Style and point of view
Approaches to point of view
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Section A:
Style and point of view

8. ‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Point of view is the perspective through which a story is told.
A useful technique to explore the narrative is to film it! Camera
angle and viewing position
There are textual clues to help decide where to locate the
camera
Style and Perspective
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Narrative modes:
1st person: “ I” Participating character/ internal/ same level of
the story
2nd person: “you” addressing another character/reader – not
comon
3rd person: “He-she-they” detached/invisible
character/external/outside the story
Omniscient “knows-all”: has access to feeling and thoughts as
well as the events.
Restricted omniscient: detached and reluctant about feelings and
thoughts and has access to event only. (index of
characterization)

9. Style and Perspective
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Core distinction in point of view theory:
Who tells: detached, omniscient narrator
Who sees: McHoan (the character in the story and reflector of
fiction)
audience sees what McHoan sees as his perspective unfolds
Iain Banks’s novel The Crow Road
‹#›

10. ENG 380: Stylistics
Dynamic of point of view in a narrative
Heterodiegetic: the narrator is ‘different’ from the exegesis that
comprises the story
Homodiegetic: the narrator is internal to the narrative, on the
same plane of exegesis as the story
Brings audience psychologically closer to the main character
Alternatively, narrative loses the ironic space between the
narrator and character
Iain Banks’s novel The Crow Road
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Stylistic cues of viewing position
Deixis:
Situates speaker in physical space (camera)
the reflector of fiction forms a deictic centre, an ‘origo’, around
which objects are positioned relative to their relative proximity

11. or distance to the reflector.
Zoomed: move toward
went back instead of came back: move away
Locative expressions
Grammatical units telling location, direction and physical
setting
Adjuncts: ‘just upstream’, ‘from falls to bridge’, ‘into the
cutting’, etc.
Iain Banks’s novel The Crow Road
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Point of view device: Attenuated focalization
Point of view is limited due to a blocked or distanced
perspective = blurry vision
Marked by nouns with generalized/unspecific references
‘thing’, ‘shape’, ‘stuff’
Cues that narrative is temporarily restricted to the visual range

12. of a particular character
McHoan’s character first saw ‘a grey shape’ which was later
identified as an owl
Iain Banks’s novel The Crow Road
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Section B:
Approaches to point of view
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics

13. This model has proved significant in shaping much stylistic
work on point of view because it helps sort out different
components in narrative organisation.
Point of view rests on four planes (levels) :
ideological
temporal
spatial
psychological
The ‘Fowler-Uspensky Model’
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Ideology: A person’s beliefs or values system
Ideological plane examines how a text mediates the character’s,
narrator’s or author’s ideological beliefs.
Author’s beliefs and values system shape the ideologies
articulated in their work.
Characters serve as vehicles for ideologies which may or may
not accord (be in agreement with) with those of the author.
The more the different value systems articulated in a work
compete with one another, the richer and more interesting
becomes the work itself.
a novel ‘gives an interpretation of the world it represents’
(Fowler)
The Ideological Plane

14. ‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
The domain of ideology is so broad that just about any aspect of
narrative can be brought within its compass. “bucket category”
Techniques:
Narrative voice: author, narrator, character, persona
Emblem (symbol)
Theme
Motif (reoccurring idea in artistic works)
Characterisation
The ideological point of view needs to be treated with some
caution because it is simply too wide to have much explanatory
power.
The Ideological Plane
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
“The way relationships of time are signalled in narrative”
(Simpson 2004).
Stylistic Techniques:
Repetition
Analepsis (flashback)
Prolepsis (prevision or flashforward)
Duration (impression of acceleration/deceleration of events)
Temporal point of view basically covers any kind of
manipulation of time sequence in narrative.
An analysis under the umbrella term ‘temporal point of view’ is

15. to do with temporal organisation as it relates to narrative
structure.
The Temporal Plane
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Spatial point of view is the narrative Camera angle
What visual perspective is mediated through the text?
Techniques:
Deixis
Locative Expressions
The Spatial Plane
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
“References to the reflector’s senses, thoughts and feelings”
(Simpson 2004).
Uspensky classifies such cases where ‘the authorial point of
view relies on an individual (a character) consciousness (or
perception)’ as point of view on the psychological plane.

16. spatial viewpoint is really one dimension of the broader
technique of psychological point of view.
Psychological point of view interplay with spatial
representations. See the following example:
The Psychological Plane
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
The Psychological Plane
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
The spatial perspective dovetails (merge) into psychological
perspective.
Rose Garmony is clearly the reflector of fiction.
deictic markers: “looked down at the group”, “bringing” instead
of taking
‘What could they ever hope . . .’ marks a further shift into the
conscious thought processes of Rose Garmony
Shifting from a spatial perspective into the cognitive field of a
character is an extremely common progression in prose fiction.
The Psychological Plane

17. ‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Ideological: too broad and must be treated with caution.
Temporal: is more about narrative structure than perspective
and must be treated with caution.
Spatial: one dimension of the broader psychological level.
Psychological: an extremely rich site for stylistic analysis and
creativity.
Final notes about examining the planes
‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics
Simpson, P. (2004). Stylistics: A Resource Book for Students
(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415644969 (print
edition).
References

18. ‹#›
ENG 380: Stylistics