Drainage-Related Risks for Operation and Maintenance of Tunnelling Projects: An Overview

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The importance of drainage-related risks associated with tunnelling projects requires special attention from tunnel operators to analyse and manage the risks. The optimal management of drainage-related risks in tunnelling projects involves multiple objectives such as flood management, maximisation of design capacity of drainage contamination and optimisation of overall drainage system. This paper focuses on identifying the key drainage-related risks that have great potential of occurring in highway tunnelling projects. The outcomes of this research are developed based on findings obtained from extensive literature review and several case studies that have been carried out by other researchers. The identified drainagerelated risks will be reviewed in this paper. All these risks can be included as key information when drafting a new risk management plan or to be added into the existing risk management plan in order to enhance the operation and maintenance of tunnelling projects.

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Risks are very common in construction sector. Risk is the Possibility of suffering loss and the impact on the involved parties. According to APM (2006), all projects are inherently risky because they are unique, constrained, complex, based on assumptions, and performed by people. As a result, project risk management methods must be built into the management of projects and should be used throughout the project lifecycle. Many construction projects fail because organizations assume that all the projects would succeed and they therefore do not identify, analyze, and provide mitigation or contingencies for the risk elements involved in the project. Society desires that all projects should be performing and has become less tolerant of failure (Edwards and Bowen, 2005). Pressure is exerted on project managers to minimize the chance of project failure. This increasing pressure for performance which suggests that it is prudent for anyone involved in a project to be concerned about the associated risks and how they can be effectively managed. Traditionally, performance of a project is analyzed on the criteria of quality, budget and time of completion. Two more criteria to determine the performance of a project were added by Kerzner (2001). Firstly, the project would effectively and efficiently manage risks and, secondly, it should be accepted by the customer. It is known that the cause of the projects failure can be directly related to the extent of risk management methods undertaken. Besides, the level of risk management methods undertaken during project lifecycle impacts directly on the performance or otherwise of the project. Furthermore, using risk management methods effectively to manage risk should be continuously undertaken throughout the project lifecycle to enhance project performance. Risk management methods are thus an important tool to cope with such substantial risks in projects performance. The main objective of the enquiry work that underpins this research is to investigate the effect of risk management methods on project performance. In this paper, a case study of RSSB multi-storey already executed project is considered.

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RISK RESPONSE STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF PROJECTS IN KIRINYAGA COUNTY, KENYA JAMES KADEGHE WARUI D53/OL/CTY/26217/15 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (PROJECT MANAGEMENT) OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY Comment by user: Proposal MAY, 2019 DECLARATION I declare that, this proposal is my own original work and has not been presented for award of any degree in any university. No part of this proposal should be reproduced without the authority of the author and/or Kenyatta University. Signature Date . James Kadeghe Warui, D53/OL/CTY/26217/15. This research proposal has been submitted for the course examination with my approval as the University supervisor. Signature . Date. Dr. Lucy Ngugi, Department of Management Science, Kenyatta University. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my family for giving me a chance to pursue an education. I also wish to dedicate this proposal to my colleagues for the encouragement and support they gave me towards the completion of this work ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am thankful to God for the good health and strength He installed upon me to pursue this project. I wish to most sincerely thank my entire family for their overwhelming support throughout this process, they have always been a source of inspiration from whom I get my strength. I also appreciate my friends and colleagues who shared this journey with me and encouraged me in this journey. Comment by user: Need to acknowledge supervisor TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATIONii DEDICATIONiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTiv LIST OF TABLESvii LIST OF FIGURESviii OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMSix ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSx ABSTRACTxi CHAPTER ONE1 put chapter and its heading on same line INTRODUCTION1 1.1Background of the Study1 1.1.1 Project Performance2 1.1.2 Risk Response Strategies3 1.1.3 Projects in Kirinyaga County5 1.2 Statement of the Problem5 1.3 Objectives of the Study6 1.3.1 General Objective of the Study6 1.3.1 Specific Objectives of the Study6 1.4 Research Questions7 1.5 Significance of the Study7 1.6 Scope of the Study8 1.7 Limitation of the Study8 1.8 Organization of the Study9 CHAPTER TWO10 put chapter and its heading on same line LITERATURE REVIEW10 2.1 Introduction10 2.2 Theoretical Review10 2.2.1 Enterprise Risk Management Model10 2.2.2 Expectancy Theory11 2.2.3 Network Theory12 2.3 Empirical Literature Review12 2.3.1 Risk Avoidance and Project Performance13 2.3.2 Risk Acceptance and Project Performance14 2.3.3 Risk Monitoring and Project Performance15 2.3.4 Risk Mitigation and Project Performance16 2.3.5 Risk Transfer and Project Performance17 2.4 Summary of Literature Review and Research Gaps19 2.5 Conceptual Framework23 CHAPTER THREE24 put chapter and its heading on same line RESEARCH METHODOLOGY24 3.1 Introduction24 3.2 Research Design24 3.3 Target Population24 3.4 Data Collection Instruments25 .

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Drainage-Related Risks for Operation and Maintenance of Tunnelling Projects: An Overview

1. CoreConferences 24 International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering 2018 ISBN 978-81-933584-5-0 VOL 01 Website www.coreconferences.com eMail mail@coreconferences.com Received 14 – January – 2018 Accepted 03 - February – 2018 Article ID CoreConferences006 eAID CoreConferences.2018.006 Drainage-Related Risks for Operation and Maintenance of Tunnelling Projects: An Overview Yong Siang Lee1 , Farid E Mohamed Ghazali2 1,2 School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, University Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia Abstract: The importance of drainage-related risks associated with tunnelling projects requires special attention from tunnel operators to analyse and manage the risks. The optimal management of drainage-related risks in tunnelling projects involves multiple objectives such as flood management, maximisation of design capacity of drainage contamination and optimisation of overall drainage system. This paper focuses on identifying the key drainage-related risks that have great potential of occurring in highway tunnelling projects. The outcomes of this research are developed based on findings obtained from extensive literature review and several case studies that have been carried out by other researchers. The identified drainage- related risks will be reviewed in this paper. All these risks can be included as key information when drafting a new risk management plan or to be added into the existing risk management plan in order to enhance the operation and maintenance of tunnelling projects. This paper is prepared exclusively for CoreConferences 2018 which is published by ASDF International, Registered in London, United Kingdom under the directions of the Editor-in-Chief Dr A Senthilkumar and Editors Dr. Daniel James. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honoured. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). Copyright Holder can be reached at copy@asdf.international for distribution. 2018 © Reserved by Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties [www.ASDF.international]

Drainage-Related Risks for Operation and Maintenance of Tunnelling Projects: An Overview

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Drainage-Related Risks for Operation and Maintenance of Tunnelling Projects: An Overview