2. Codes
• Barthes suggested that there are one or more
codes we use to identify texts.
• These texts may be “Open” (unraveled in a lot
of different ways) or “Closed” (there is only
one obvious thread to pull on).
4. Meanings of codes
• Hermeneutic/enigma code:
This code refers to a mystery in a text. Clues are
dropped but no clear answer is given. Enigma’s
during a narrative usually wants them to know
more, but unanswered enigmas often frustrate
audiences.
5. Proairetic/ action code
• This code contains sequential elements of
action in a text. For an example, a gunslinger
would draw his gun on an adversary and we
would wonder what the resolution of this
action would be.
6. Semantic code
• This code refers to parts within the text that
suggests or refers to additional meaning.
Essentially it involves a suggested additional
meaning by using connotation.
7. Symbolic Code
• This code is about symbolism in a text. It
exercises contrasts to create greater meaning,
drama and tension.
8. Referential code
• This code refers to anything that requires an
external body of knowledge, such as scientific,
historical or cultural knowledge.
