Towards Atmanirbhar Bharat Farm-to-Fork Tech-churning Agriculture Value Chain in India By Dhanendra Kumar, IAS (Retd) Former Chairman, Competition Commission of India Founder Chairman, Competition Advisory Services (I) LLP Former Secretary to Government of India Former Executive Director, The World Bank Rotary Club of Delhi Midtown 9th January, 2021

1. 1
Farm-to-Fork
Tech-churning Agriculture Value Chain in India
Dhanendra Kumar, IAS (Retd)
Former Chairman, Competition Commission of India
Founder Chairman, Competition Advisory Services (I) LLP
&
Former Secretary to Government of India
Former Executive Director, The World Bank
Towards Atmanirbhar Bharat
9th January 2021

2. 2
Farm Logistics Processing Retail Fork
Farm-to-Fork

3. 3
Objectives underpinning today’s opportunity
Current
Scenario
Scenario in
the Past
Decoding
the Farm
Laws
How Tech
intervention
is changing
scenarios
Challenges
The way
forward

4. Introduction
 Agriculture is lifeline of Indian Economy.
 Contributes 16% of GDP, 43% workforce, 58% livelihood.
 A way of life, whole family works, per capita low.
 Linkages with industry, inputs, packaging, Builds Demand
 Suffers from structural problems, 86.2%< 2 Hect.
 Yields on crops lower by 50% compared to US, China.
 Intermediaries in value chain, reduces farmers’ income.
 Limited access to technology, credit, markets, choices
 Wastages in value chain, specially horticulture
 Aim to double farmer’s income by 2022, Atmanirbharta
4

5. Total Agricultural Imports – Rs 1,37,019.46 Crore
Share of Agricultural Imports to National Imports : 3.81%
1Vegetable oils
2Fresh fruits
3Cashew
4Pulses
5Spices
6
Alcoholic
beverages
7
Cotton raw
including waste
8Sugar
9
Misc processed
items
10Cocoa products
11Marine products
12
Cereal
preparations
13Coffee
14
Processed fruits
and juices
15Sesame seeds
16Oil means
17
Fruits / Vegetable
seeds
18Other oil seeds
19
Ayush and Herbal
products
20Other Cereals
21Tea
22Dairy Products
23Jute, raw
24Jute, hessian
25
Floriculture
products
26
Processed
vegetables
27
Tobacco -
Unmanufactured
28Poultry products
29Niger seeds
30
Rice (other than
Basmati)
31Other meat
32Fresh vegetables
33
Cashew nut shell
liquid
34Shellac
35Milled products
36Sheep / goat meat
37Groundnut
38Guar Gum meal
39Wheat
40Castor oil
41Processed meat
42Molasses
Following contributes to our imports (in this order)
Accounts for maximum import value
Accounts for minimum import value

6. Opportunities & Areas for Improvement
 Improve input linkages & access to market with choice.
 Improve yields through precision agriculture & modern
technologies, e.g. Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine
Learning (ML), Internet of things (IOT), Robotics etc.
 Digitization of records in farm management, instituting
quality management & traceability.
 Improve markets linkages, more efficient post-harvest
supply chain, transportation, storage, processing.
 Providing access to credit & insurance, losses, crop failures
 Transformation of agriculture through investment funding
at scale coupled with technology.
6

7. Recent policy reforms
 Recent policy reforms - 3 laws - relate to removal of stock
limits (under EC Act), liberalization of sale of produce
across the country (freedom from APMC, still remains, so
additional choice) & formalization of contract farming.
 Expected to free farmers from the shackles of numerous
intermediaries in the value chain boosting their incomes,
helping our 14 crores farmers become agri-entrepreneurs
with proper inputs, technologies & choice in marketing with
market intelligence.
 Will help in saving on imports, achieve Atmanirbharta
 Encourage rural youth to make start-ups in Agri-tech,
avoid drudgery & modernize villages & village life.
7

8. 8
Started from being hugely dependent on foreign countries
Witnessed food diplomacy at times and selective support
From achieving self sufficiency to being exports eligible
Let’s begin by visiting the journey of Indian Agriculture in History
Indian Agriculture Time Machine
& now on way to Atmanirbharta
20201954 1955 1959 1966 1967 1969 1980

9. 1954 1955
Dependence on
Soviet Union for Tractors
… 4 tractors from Moscow arrived in
India at a price of USD 877 each and
delivered satisfactory performance …
One of the early steps towards
Technology Adoption and realizing
the significance of farm
mechanization
Source: The New York Times 9

10. 1959 1966 1967
India attempting to
adopt few but not all
agriculture practices
from China
India’s port facilities
could barely meet
country’s annual import
needs then
India was ascertaining its
fundamentals – climate, soil,
water, what will grow : where and
how
Source: The New York Times
10

11. 1969
… The most
pessimistic experts
now say that real
self – sufficiency
will not be assured
until 1976 or 1977,
but they agree
emphatically that it
is on its way …
Source: The New York Times
11

12. 1980
… Now, even after a
severe draught, this
country is growing
enough food to
nourish all of its
630 million people.
From a statistical
point of view, self
sufficiency has
been attained and
there are even good
prospects that the
country might soon
export grains …
Source: The New York Times 12

13. 13
The 3 Farm Laws
THE FARMERS’ PRODUCE TRADE AND COMMERCE
(PROMOTION AND FACILITATION) ACT, 2020#1
“An Act to provide for the creation of an ecosystem where the farmers and
traders enjoy the freedom of choice relating to sale and purchase of
farmers’ produce which facilitates remunerative prices through
competitive alternative trading channels; to promote efficient,
transparent and barrier-free inter-State and intra-State trade and
commerce of farmers’ produce outside the physical premises of markets
or deemed markets notified under various State agricultural produce market
legislations; to provide a facilitative framework for electronic trading and
for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto”
Source: http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222039.pdf

14. 14
#1
Fact Fear
Source: India Today
THE FARMERS’
PRODUCE
TRADE AND
COMMERCE
(PROMOTION
AND
FACILITATION)
ACT, 2020

15. 15
The 3 Farm Laws
THE FARMERS (EMPOWERMENT AND PROTECTION)
AGREEMENT ON PRICE ASSURANCE AND FARM SERVICES ACT, 2020
#2
“An Act to provide for a national framework on farming agreements that
protects and empowers farmers to engage with agri-business firms,
processors, wholesalers, exporters or large retailers for farm services and sale
of future farming produce at a mutually agreed remunerative price
framework in a fair and transparent manner and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto”
Source: http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222040.pdf

16. 16
Fact Fear
Farmers’
negotiation
power will
weaken
Exploitation by
Private Players
Farmers' income
will increase
Farmers and
Buyer to enter
into legal
agreement
#2
Source: India Today
THE FARMERS
(EMPOWERMENT
AND
PROTECTION)
AGREEMENT ON
PRICE
ASSURANCE AND
FARM SERVICES
ACT, 2020

17. 17
The 3 Farm Laws
THE ESSENTIAL COMMODITIES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2020#3
“The amendment aims to remove fears of private investors of excessive
regulatory interference in their business operations. The freedom to
produce, hold, move, distribute and supply will lead to harnessing of economies
of scale and attract private sector/foreign direct investment into
agriculture sector. It will help drive up investment in cold storages and
modernization of food supply chain.”
The Act remove commodities like cereals, pulses, oilseeds, edible oils, onion
and potatoes from the list of essential commodities and may be regulated only
under extraordinary circumstances which may include war, famine, extraordinary
price rise and natural calamity of grave nature
Source: http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222038.pdf and https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1657657

18. 18
#3
Fact Fear
Monopoly of
Corporates
Black marketing
and Hoarding
will increase
No imposition
on stock holding
Items like Oil
Seeds, cereals,
pulses, onion &
potatoes off the
essential
commodities list
Source: India Today
THE ESSENTIAL
COMMODITIES
(AMENDMENT)
ACT, 2020

19. 19
Minimum Support Prices (24 Crops)
Source: https://farmer.gov.in/mspstatements.aspx
KHARIF CROPS (14) RABICROPS (10)
PADDY
JOWAR
BAJRA
MAIZE
RAGI
TUR (ARHAR)
MOONG
URAD
COTTON
GROUNDNUT
SUNFLOWER SEED
SOYABEAN
SESAMUM
NIGERSEED
WHEAT BARLEY
GRAM MASUR
(LENTIL)
RAPESEED
&
MUSTARD
SAFFLOWER
TORIA
COPRA
DE-HUSKED
COCONUT JUTE

20. Agriculture
Inputs
• Seed
• Fertilizer
• Crop
Protection
• Farm
equipment
• Irrigation
• Agriculture
Insurance
Farming
• Farming
• Food grain
• Horticulture
• Commercial
crop
• Oil seeds
• Poultry and
Livestock
• Dairy
• Fisheries and
Aquaculture
Aggregation
storage /
Logistics
• Wholesalers /
aggregators
• Distribution
• Warehousing
• Logistics
• Cold storage
Processing
/ Ancillary
services
• Organic food
• Cold storage
• Food
processing
• Logistics
Consumption
• Small stores
• Megamall
• Unorganized
• Retail stores
• Vendors
• Hotels
• Restaurants
• Cafe
The Agriculture Value Chain in India
Source: Grant Thornton
Post -HarvestPre-Harvest
20

21. Observed Impact of COVID-19 on India’s agriculture sector
Source: Grant Thornton
Circumstantial down’s Circumstantial up’s
Seed industry (15%-20%)
Agriculture Insurance (Claims up 20%)
Sugarcane (liquidity crisis)
Plantation crops (weak prices and export disruption)
Poultry and other livestock
Horticulture
Soybean (low on demand)
Jute industry (delayed order processing)
Floriculture (shrink by 50%)
Dairy (low yields)
Rice
Fertiliser
Fisheries / Aquaculture
21

22. Digital initiatives undertaken by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer
Welfare in 2020
Source: PIB: Year End Review 2020 of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare
Institutional credit for agriculture sector during COVID-19
Rs 2 lakh Cr cheaper credit boost to 2.5 Cr farmers by Kisan Credit
Cards
Concessional credit to PM-KISAN beneficiaries through Kisan
Credit Cards (Rs. 1,57,815 crore loan sanctioned)
22

23. www.indbiz.gov.in
A digital interface for foreign
investors to connect directly with
farmers
Facilitate a direct connect with
global agriculture market
Initiatives by Government
Source: MEA, www.indbiz.gov.in

24. Initiatives from the past strengthened in 2020
24

25. Kisan Suvidha – a Digital India initiative for Agriculture
Source: MyGov and https://apps.mgov.gov.in/
Number of Downloads:
Mobile Seva Appstore: 24,315
Play Store: 3,47,040
Omnibus mobile app developed to help
farmers by providing relevant information
to them quickly
Information on
(a) weather of current day and next 5 days
(b) Dealers
(c) market prices
(d) agro advisories
(e) plant protection
(f) IPM Practices
(g) Extreme weather alerts
(h) Market prices of commodity in nearest
area
(i) Maximum price in state as well as India
25

26. Digital initiatives undertaken by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer
Welfare in 2020
Source: PIB: Year End Review 2020 of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare
Promotion of organic farming in the country
Through Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
30,934 clusters benefitted
6.19 lakh ha area covered and 15.47 lakh farmers benefitted
3.5 lakh farmers are on portal - www.Jaivikkheti.in for marketing
26

27. Digital initiatives undertaken by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer
Welfare in 2020
Source: PIB: Year End Review 2020 of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare
E-NAM extension
In 21 States / UTs, 1000 markets integrated with E-NAM Platform
1.68 crore farmers and 1.52 lakh traders registered
3.94 crore metric tonnes traded for a total value of Rs. 1.15 lakh crore
Farmer Product Organizations (FPO) integrated with E-NAM for trading
27

28. Digital initiatives undertaken by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer
Welfare in 2020
Source: PIB: Year End Review 2020 of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmer Welfare
Improvement in farm produce logistics, Introduction of Kisan Rail
Mobile app 'Kisan Rath' to facilitate farmers & traders searching transport
vehicles for primary and secondary transportation for movement of
agricultural and horticultural products
1st ever Kisan Rail started between Deolali and Danapur station. 2nd Kisan
Rail operates between Anantpur in Andhra Pradesh to Adarsh Nagar, Delhi.
– Moved 23,219 tonnes earning a revenue of Rs. 901.3 lakhs
28

29. 29
Kisan Rath

30. 30
Powertrac – Branded as an example of
“India's frugal engineering”
Farmtrac – Branded by manufacturer as an
example of "Modern Engineering”
Make in India & Agriculture –
Value for money solutions with financing options
matching purchase power of ordinary farmers

31. 31
Made in rest of the world also helps India
Google Flood Forecasting Initiative has been working with governments to develop
systems that predict when and where flooding will occur, keep people safe and informed.
Much of this work is centered on India, where floods are a serious risk for hundreds of
millions of people
Google technology is being used to improve targeting of every alert that Govt sends

32. The evolution of digital agriculture
Source: Accenture: Digital Agriculture Improving Productivity 32

33. Digital Themes - Technologies and Approaches for Agriculture
Source: Accenture: Digital Agriculture Improving Productivity 33

34. How digital technologies and approaches add value to Agriculture value chain
Inputs
Production
Processing
Distribution
Marketing
It is in these two
phases, “production”
& “processing”
that Precision
Agriculture and
Autonomous
Operations can add
value
It is in
“Distribution”
where the
connected
supply chain
comes into its
own
Digital
Marketplace
adds value
all the way
from
Production,
through
Processing to
Distribution
5 Phases
34

35. 35
Data Analytics and
Machine Learning
Data and Platforms for
Price transparency
Imaging and AI to monitor
crop quality
Platform for produce
traceability
Robotics and drones for
cultivation / harvesting
Segmentation – Different needs being addressed by different
start – ups : All are equally important in the value chain
A few illustrative start-ups in India

36. 36
Cross Border Service Markets
Started
in India
Now
global
Started
abroad
Now in
India
Germany
USA
Source: Maple Capital Advisors

37. Post Harvest solution platform Storage and Logistics
Audits and Surveillance
Procurement facilitation
Agri consulting
Resolves the post
harvest financial
challenges
Designing and
offering post-
harvest financial
products
Finding warehouses
Enlisting warehouses
An end-to-end post harvest solution platforms

38. 38
Approach - Removing guesswork from farming & facilitates Precision Agriculture
 "How much irrigation is required for a particular soil type?
 When should the crop be irrigated?
 Is there a chance that a particular disease will attack my crop in the next few days?
 How much and which spray to use?
 Is this the right weather condition to take a spray?
 What are different activities to be carried out during the different stages of the crop?
 What type of fertilizers should be used; how much and when?
Precision Agriculture

39. 39
App uses big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning to provide insights on
how to increase yields, the best crops for a given type of soil and the timing on when
to grow them
The app is free for farmers to use. MyCrop charges a fee for making data on what and
how much farmers are growing available to fertilizer companies and financial
institutions, instead of levying the farmers themselves
Functional in Hindi, Gujarati, English and Bahasa (for Indonesia)
Enables Precision Agriculture

40. 40
Intello Track
Mobile App for checking quality across the
supply chain
AI platform objectively grades based on
colour, size and visual defects
Intello Sort
Machines for ensuring 100% adherence
to quality specifications
Machines segregate produce based on
colour , size and visual defects
Allows sorting of multiple commodities
on a single, low-cost, compact lineQuality Assessment
Quality assessment of food commodities using computer
vision and AI
Intello Labs detects variance from specifications,
matching output to needs

41. 41
Buying Selling Financing Crop Advisory
Input Sales Quality Testing Warehousing Logistics
International Business Goods and Settlement
A digital platform for agri trading
e-mandi (online agri-marketplace)

42. 42
Facilitates free trade of agricultural commodities
Supply chain is closely linked with agriculture traders and transporters
Supply chain management
Innovative cultivation methods B2B Agri commodities trading platform
Enables traders, wholesalers and food processors to keep a ledger of their
transactions, access transparent pricing, optimize logistics and improve their
working capital cycles
Commodity Trading

43. 43
Value proposition
Farmers can access personalized, agri
focused content, tips and articles focused on
helping farmers grow better produce and solve
common problems occurring on the farm.
They can also browse through a wide variety of
quality products like seeds, crop protection,
nutrition and farm implements belonging to
best agri-brands in the country.
Real time end-to-end scientific agronomy
advice & agri input products, delivered at
doorstep

44. 44
Tech-driven supply chain space for fresh produce
Connect producers of food directly with
retailers, restaurants, and service providers using
in-house applications that drive end to end
operations
Moves 1400 tonne of perishables from farms to
businesses, daily, in less than 12 hrs
Supply Chain

45. 45
Equipment
Finance
Input
Finance
Invoice
Finance
Payment to farmers by
market linkage
players, processor,
dairy poultry, FPO etc.
Facilitate finance to
farmers for their input
needs
Financing for
facilitating selling of
equipment
Low cost and timely financing for agricultural equipment, dairy equipment and other
rural yield generational assets
Financing

46. 46
Source: Microsoft
Agriculture E-Marketplace allows
farmers to connect directly with bulk
buyers on an e-marketplace, where
their harvest is hedged very early in
the crop cycle according to the
predicted quality and yield from their
farm. This gives farmers an early
visibility into their income and
ensures that they have the incentive
to put in all the effort that goes into a
crop cycle.
Cropdata
Precision Agriculture
Leveraged
AI, Blockchain, and Cloud
On Ground diagnostics

47. Start-ups which recently generated some social impacts
47

48. Source: Amazon Web Services and Intel: Serving a Digital First India: Technology for progress and Inclusion
BlockchainCloud
SOCIAL IMPACT - It has helped more than 6,000 farmers adopt sustainable agricultural
practices and lowered the cost of cultivation across 7,413 acres of mapped land
Enables a clean, credible, and traceable supply chain to reduce food waste and enhance
consumer trust
48
Lowered cost of cultivationLeveraged

49. 49
Source: Amazon Web Services and Intel: Serving a Digital First India: Technology for progress and Inclusion
Data Analytics Machine Learning
SOCIAL IMPACT - CropIn worked in the Sustainable Livelihoods and Adaptation to
Climate Change (SLACC) project in association with the Government of India’s National
Rural Livelihood Project and supported by the World Bank
The programme transformed the lives of 8,209 farmers across 244 villages in Bihar and
digitised 23,000+ farm plots across 100+ crop varieties in two years. The programme has
seen a 90% adoption rate and 80% implementation rate of recommended practices
Help farmers adapt faster to climate-smart agricultural practices, especially in flood and
drought-prone regions
Help farmers in fighting impact of climate changeLeveraged

50. 50
Source: Amazon Web Services and Intel: Serving a Digital First India: Technology for progress and Inclusion
Digital Intelligence platform
SOCIAL IMPACT - SatSure’s analysis of satellite data helps Andhra Pradesh government
assess crop damage and settle farmers’ insurance claims in record time (30 days)
As soon as the cyclone alert sounded, SatSure analysts accessed and analysed microwave
satellite images of Sentinel-1 using the Registry of Open Data on AWS. Within three days,
they delivered insights about areas under cultivation and areas inundated
The insights helped the state agricultural department prioritise which villages to visit to
validate the extent of crop damage. SatSure also helps build accurate risk profiles of
farms and farmers to give them better access to credit
Risk profiling of farms and better access to credit
Leveraged

51. 51
Source: Amazon Web Services and Intel: Serving a Digital First India: Technology for progress and Inclusion
SOCIAL IMPACT - In just a few months, the solution reached 300 FPOs, each with 200-
300 member farmers and 500 women’s self-help groups from Andhra Pradesh, who sell
their products directly to consumers.
Most farmers, who are selling through www.andhragreens.com, reported a minimum
30% increase in the sale of their products compared to traditional channels
AI-based agricultural platform that connects farmers, micro-entrepreneurs, and
agriculture value chain players to the right stakeholders
Kalgudi Artificial
Intelligence
Enable farmers to sell directly to consumersLeveraged

52. 52
USD 32 Mn
LGT Impact,
Caspian,
Northern Arc
USD 12 Mn
Agfunder, Omnivore, Sequoia &
Netherlands Development Finance Co.
USD 12 Mn
AL Fund, Surge
Venture,
Tempo Ventures
Omnivore Partners
USD 6 Mn
Nexus, Omnivore,
Saama Capital, SVG
Ventures
USD 3.9 Mn
Akram Ventures and
Nabventures
USD 2.5 Mn
Matrix and Ankur
Capital
Notable capital raising activity in 2020
USD 68.4 Mn was raised by 6 players alone
Source: Maple Capital Advisors

53. 53
Notable capital raising activity in 1st 9 days of 2021
$20 million
Provides software-as-a-service, or SAAS, products to farms and development
organizations globally to improve predictability, efficiency and sustainability of crops
It analyzes data such as aerial imagery, ground scouting, hyper-local weather and
market price fluctuations from 13 million acres across 4 million farms worldwide to
predict productivity and monitor risks for thousands of variants of crops.
(from)

54. Observed Impact of COVID-19 on India’s AGRI Tech Start-ups
Source: Accel and Omnivore
Top 3 challenges for agritech startups during the lockdown (Based on survey)
Logistics challenges - 55% Cashflow issues - 54% Adapting to remote working - 37%
New business models gained importance during Lockdown : Tailwinds and Trends
54

55. COVID-19 & a few of India’s AGRI Tech Start-ups that prospered
Source: Accel and Omnivore
Revenue generated through its app
triple within 3 months
Saw a 3X spike for digital advisory
services and a ~3.5 X jump in overall
demand
Helps disinter-mediate the supply chain
by connecting farmers directly with
HORECA players, is back to pre-COVID-
19 levels and has seen a 20% rise in their
app-based ordering patterns
Created a full-stack technology
offering for shrimp and fish
farmers, saw a 18X increase in app
downloads, with a large chunk of
their users demanding end-to-end
market linkages
55

56. Areas where need initiatives by citizens also …
56

57. Globally : 24 percent of food is wasted from Farm to Fork
Source: WRI (World research Institute) analysis based on FAO 57

58. Problems: How does Food Loss and Waste at each stage of Food supply Chain
Source: WRI (World research Institute) analysis based on FAO
• Grain left behind by poor harvesting equipment
• Discarded fish
• Fruit not harvested or discarded (uneconomical to harvest or poor quality)
Production / Harvest
Handling / Storage
• Food degraded by pests, fungus, disease
Processing / Packaging
• Spilled milk
• Spoiled fish
• Fruit unsuitable for processing
• Poor order forecasting
• Inefficient factory process
Distribution / Marketing
• Edible food non compliant with
aesthetic quality standards or is
not sold before "BEST BEFORE'
or "USE BY" dates
Consumption
• Food purchased by consumers,
restaurants and caterers but not
eaten
58

59. Agriculture residue burning
Problem Solution
Source: Economic Survey 2019-20,
Use of combine harvesters leaves crop
residues in field, and in order to clear fields
for next crop in easiest way, farmers’ burn
residues
About 178 million tonnes of surplus crop residues
are available
Open burning of crop residues in agricultural
fields, an environmental concern (rise in pollutant
levels and deterioration of air quality), during
paddy harvesting season
Prevalent in northern States of Punjab, Haryana,
UP, and Rajasthan depending on agro-climatic
region; however, about 50% of all crop residue
burnt are from rice crop
Has ill effects on soil organic carbon and soil
fertility
Promote practice of conservation of agriculture
with low lignocellulosic crop residues like rice,
wheat, maize etc.
Create markets for crop residue-based
briquettes and mandate nearby thermal power
plants to undertake co-firing of crop residues
with coal
Create special credit line for financing farm
equipment and working capital for private sector
participation.
Promote use of crop residue-based biochar
briquettes in local industries, brick kiln and
hotel/dhaba as an alternate fuel.
Pollution control as a parameter for deciding
incentives and allocation to States/UTs
59

60. An exchange of value in terms of money, nutrition and quality of food should occur
between farmers and consumers
Establishing fork to farm linkages by reimagining Agri-supply chain
Linking Indian village community to urban centres
Enhancing value
Upgrading
quality
Improving Agri-
logistics
Making
technology work
for rural areas
Improved
production
Improved
productivity
Greater farm
realization
Source: Grant Thornton
60

61. Key Takeaways
Strengthen support infrastructure & logistics : Participation from State Govt. & Pvt. sector
State government can further work together to establish an approach of developing
specific clusters in different agro climatic zones that would help overcome several supply
sides issues
Greater role of State Govt’s
61

62. Key Takeaways
India as largest exporter of tractors, must convert it as largest mechanisation product
exporter
India should identify key countries to supply agricultural products, including product
requirements and respective sanitary import requirements
Thrust on Exports
Export incentives and having State governments include agriculture exports in state
export policy
Exports of commodities with surplus production can improve farm prices, and there
should not be any restrictions imposed on the same
Align with European Union testing norms and have state of art testing centres accredited
with EU and USA, to quickly launch products for exports markets 62

63. Key Takeaways
India spends 0.3% of its agriculture GDP on R&D, compared with countries, such as Brazil
and South Africa, which spend 1.8% and 3.06% respectively
Public funds should be spearheaded towards domestic players contributing to R&D,
which may include Agri-entrepreneurs, universities and government research
institutions
R&D
63

64. Key Takeaways
Reforms are the art of possible, and historically, whenever reforms were executed, there
have been mixed opinions. However, eventually the country benefitted from them. The
liberalization that followed from 1991 is one of the landmark economic reforms and we still
reap its benefit as a country.
Likewise the reforms would help in growth of Agriculture; help achieve the target of
doubling farmers income and also position India as a USD 5 Trillion economy
Farm Laws
64

65. Thank you
65