Open-Source Digital Technologies towards Self-Reliant India (Atmanirbhar Bharat)

1. 1
Technology Investment in Agriculture Value
Chain- Role of FDI
Dhanendra Kumar, IAS (Retd)
Former Chairman, Competition Commission of India
Founder Chairman, Competition Advisory Services (I) LLP
&
Former Secretary to Government of India
Former Executive Director, The World Bank
Open-Source Digital Technologies towards Self-Reliant India
(Atmanirbhar Bharat)
International webinar series
on
26th December 2020

2. 2
2

3. Started from being hugely dependent on foreign countries
Witnessed food diplomacy at times and selective support
From achieving self sufficiency to being exports eligible
Let’s begin by visiting the journey of Indian Agriculture in
History
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Indian Agriculture Time Machine
& now on way to Atmanirbharta
2020
3

4. 16th May 1954
18th March 1955
… 4 tractors from
Moscow arrived in
India at a price of
USD 877 each and
delivered
satisfactory
performance …
One of the early
steps towards
Technology
Adoption and
realizing the
significance of farm
mechanization
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Source: The New York Times
4

5. China lagged behind India
in use of ground water
resources
However, full utilization of
manpower resources in
China was observed while
it wasn’t the case in India
India adopted following
from China
 Seed - selection and
breeding
 Protection and control
of plant diseases
 Extensive use of
fertilizers
22nd June 1959
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Source: The New York Times
5

6. 5th November 1961 A policy Innovation
proposed by India
India’s Binay Rahjah Sen,
DG, has submitted a plan
that he worked out with
the late UN Secretary
general Dag
Hammarskjold which
suggested creation of
USD 400,000,000 food
reserve. He proposes that
surplus food could be
used instead of money to
finance development of
economically retarded
areas
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Source: The New York Times
6

7. 19th November 1961
A thanksgiving day
dedicated to Indian
agriculture variety and
farmers
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Source: The New York Times
7

8. 29th November
1966
…India’s port facilities
can barely meet the
country’s annual import
needs now …
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Source: The New York Times
8

9. 23rd April 1967
India’s conclusion was
that we had to know
more about the
fundamentals – climate,
soil, water and what will
grow where and how ?
…Technical resources of
countries such as India
are still not equal to
these problems …
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Source: The New York Times
9

10. 28th May 1969
… The most
pessimistic
experts now say
that real self –
sufficiency will
not be assured
until 1976 or
1977, but they
agree
emphatically that
it is on its way …
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Source: The New York Times
10

11. 10th August 1980
… Now, even after a
severe draught, this
country is growing
enough food to
nourish all of its 630
million people. From a
statistical point of
view, self sufficiency
has been attained and
there are even good
prospects that the
country might soon
export grains …
1954 1955 1959 1961 1966 1967 1969 1980
Source: The New York Times
11

12. We have come a long way …
Isn’t it ?
Past Present
Future
Linear Growth between Past and Present
An exponential growth is being envisaged
between Present & Future
12

13. India’s Agriculture sector
Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2019 - Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Deptt. of Agriculture
Cooperation and Farmers Welfare; Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS),
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MOSPI); Maple Capital Advisors; Grant Thornton
Accounts for 16% of India’s GDP
Source of livelihood for 58% population
Gross Value Added - USD 368 Bn
Total Agricultural Exports - USD 38 Bn
13% of Gross Bank Credit in Agri & allied
activities
(2018-19)
Share of Agr. & allied sectors in national income
Share of agriculture to total employment
2019-20 : 16.5 %2014-15 : 18.2 %
2000 : 60 %
2018-19 : 42.5 %
2017-18 : 44 %
13

14. India’s Agriculture sector
Agriculture
in India
(16% of
GDP)
amounts to
USD 414
Billion
As of 2019, the World Bank estimated 16.015 % of India’s GDP stems from Agriculture,
Forestry and Fishing
As of Oct 2020, IMF estimates India’s GDP to be USD 2590 Billion
Source: IMF, World Bank Group
14

15. Agriculture
Inputs
• Seed
• Fertilizer
• Crop
Protection
• Farm
equipment
• Irrigation
• Agriculture
Insurance
Farming
• Farming
• Food grain
• Horticultur
e
• Commercia
l crop
• Oil seeds
• Poultry and
Livestock
• Dairy
• Fisheries and
Aquaculture
Aggregation
storage /
Logistics
• Wholesalers
/ aggregators
• Distribution
• Warehousing
• Logistics
• Cold storage
Processing /
Ancillary
services
• Organic food
• Cold storage
• Food
processing
• Logistics
Consumption
• Small stores
• Megamall
• Unorganized
• Retail stores
• Vendors
• Hotels
• Restaurants
• Cafe
The Agriculture Value Chain in India
Source: Grant Thornton
Post -Harvest
Pre-Harvest
15

16. Key Agricultural Statistics - All India and identifying starting
point for Atmanirbharta
Land use indicator Value (2015-16)
Gross Cropped Area 197.05 Million Hectares
Net area sown 139.51 Million Hectares
Area sown more than
once
57.55 Million Hectares
Cropping Intensity (%) 141.25%
Gross Irrigated Area 96.62 Million Hectares
Production indicator Value (2018-19)
Foodgrains Production 284.95 Million Tonnes
Horticulture 313.85 Million Tonnes
Milk 187.85 Million Tonnes
Macroeconomic indicator Value (2018-19)
Share of Agricultural Exports to National Exports 11.90 %
Share of Agricultural Imports to National Imports 3.81%
Foundation of Atmanirbharta lies in bringing down this figure over a period to NIL
Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2019, GoI 16

17. 69024
13932
11162
8035 7933
4679 4383 3175 2560 1846 1088 971 959 909 875 870 836 745 510 471 418 258
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Value of imports (in Cr)
Value of imports (in Cr)
Decoding challenges to Atmanirbharta… IMPORTS
Source :- Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Department of Commerce, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2019, GoI
These are top 22 Commodities contributing to 3.81% of India’s total
imports during 2018-19
Total Agricultural Imports – Rs 1,37,019.46 Crore
17

18. 69024
13932
11162
8035 7933
4679 4383 3175 2560 1846 1088 971 959 909 875 870 836 745 510 471 418 258
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Value of imports (in Cr)
Value of imports (in Cr)
Decoding challenges to Atmanirbharta… IMPORTS
Source :- Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Department of Commerce, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2019, GoI
These are top 22 Commodities contributing to 3.81% of India’s total
imports during 2018-19
Total Agricultural Imports – Rs 1,37,019.46 Crore
18

19. 19
254
236
184
174
162
103
42 41
32 31 24 21 19 16 11 8 6 5 5 4 1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Value of imports (in Cr)
Value of imports (in Cr)
Decoding challenges to Atmanirbharta … IMPORTS … cont’d
Source :- Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Department of Commerce, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2019, GoI
These are next 21 Commodities contributing to 3.81% of India’s total
imports 2018-19
Total Agricultural Imports – Rs 1,37,019.46 Crore

20. 20
What does India export in Agriculture ? – Top 22
47665
32804
25091
23218
21172
14628
10557 9523
6170 5828 5722 5679 5538 4707 4613 4579 4481 3985 3859 3762 3376 3297
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Value of Exports (in Cr)
Value of Exports (in Cr)
Total Agricultural Exports – Rs 2,74,571.28 Crore

21. 21
What does India export in Agriculture ? – Next 24
3127.26
2874.07
2426.07
2103.972055.41
1801.51
1350.86
1063.03
926.75
867.53 866.31
795.77 744.58
687.22
586.8 571.43
480.66
424.47
304.79
107.74 95.5
26.91 13.92 13.73
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Value of Exports (in Cr)
Value of Exports (in Cr)
Total Agricultural Exports – Rs 2,74,571.28 Crore

22. 22
Global status of various countries in Agricultural production
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
152.7
101.2
87.1 85.5
80
72.5
56.7 56.3
50.8
46.6
39.4 38.6 38 34.9 34.9
9.5% 6.3% 5.4% 5.3% 5.0% 4.5% 3… 3.5% 3.2% 2.9%
2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.2% 2.2%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Rank Exports % share of overall Agri exports
Global Agri exports ~ 1610 USD Billion
India’s Agri exports rank at 13th position &
account for 2.4% of global exports with 38 USD Billion
Source: UN Comtrade; DGCIS; XV Finance Commission report High level Expert group

23. 23
Global status of various countries in Agricultural
production
Country Exports
Ranking
US 1 $ 152.7 Billion
Netherland
s
2 $ 101.2 Billion
India 13 $ 38 Billion
41,543 sq km 32,87,262 sq km
Netherlands has 1.26% of what India possess as
a Total land Area
But exports nearly thrice of
what India does
Source: UN Comtrade; DGCIS

24. 24
India's Position in World Agriculture in 2017
Cereals
China
USA
India
Coffee
Brazil
Vietnam
Colombia
Indonesi
aHondura
s
Ethiopia
Peru
India
(1) Jute
(2) Buffaloes
(3) Milk
India
(1) Cotton
(2) Vegetables
(3) Tea
(4) Fruits
(5) Potatoes
(6) Onions
(7) Goats
China
India
Cattle
Brazil
India
Sheep
China
Australia
India
#3 #2 #3 #8 #1 #2
Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2019, GoI

25. 25
The world is more dependent on food imports today compared to 20 years ago
Source: FAO, Economist; XV Finance Commission report High level Expert group
India is not much dependent in imports

26. 21.89
12.77
2.53
24.21
16.62
19.49
12.3
27.63
17.41
32.69
24.21
41.19
36.29 36.78
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Paddy Wheat Maize Pulses Sugarcane Groundnut Tobacco
India & Benchmark economies in terms of Production (%) of specific
crops - 2017
India Benchmark
China
China
USA
India
Brazil
China
China
Source : FAOSTAT (as on 08.01.2020).
Production % of India (of Total) vs
Production % produced by countries (of Total)
26

27. Observed Impact of COVID-19 on India’s agriculture sector
Seed industry witnessed
15-20% drop in sales
Lack of demand in
poultry and other
livestock sector has led
to the drop of maize
market prices
Demand for soybean
has dropped to less than
50% due to lack of
demand from the
poultry sector
Agriculture Insurance
- Farmer claims have
increased by 20% on
account of losses
Farm equipment
industry is forecasted to
de-grow by 10% during
the year
Jute industry is facing
massive delays in order
processing
Sugarcane industry is
facing severe liquidity
crisis across the value
chain
Horticulture: Losses due
to pile up of harvested
and unharvested
perishables estimated to
swell to Rs 50,000 Crore
Floriculture is expected
to shrink by 50%
Plantation crops are
suffering on account of
weak prices and
disruptions in exports
Poultry: Loss of Rs 27000
Crore until April 2020
and Rs 3,500 Crore loss
per month until normal
situation is restored
Dairy: Slump due to drop
in yield
Source: Grant Thornton
Rice - This year so far is
estimated to be the
biggest harvest in the
last five years
Record fertiliser sales
during lockdown
Fisheries /
Aquaculture: Rising
exports hence a positive
outlook (Farmers' price
increased by 25%)
The Circumstantial down’s
The
Circumstantial up’s
27

28. A few Key findings of Accel-Omnivore study
Impact of Covid-19 on India’s Agritech Sector
 India’s agriculture sector was severely impacted by Covid-19, in several ways.
 Badly hit-Food supply chains, availability of inputs, access to market places &
mandis, disruption in agri-logistics & transport systems, mounting post harvest
losses, accumulating unsold produce adding to woes.
 However, agri-tech sector gained tremendously – farmer platforms, B2B agri
market places, rural fintech business, farm to consumer (F2C) brands, app-based
agri advisories, etc. saw impressive growth.
 Pandemic helped a shift from traditional, informal and analogue markets
towards innovative, formal, and digital ones.
 Agritech start-ups came up to ease lockdown-led bottlenecks, to avoid travelling,
aggregation in inputs and output side, and build on digital technology.
 There was a new potential for direct trade between farmers and agri-stakeholders
such as traders, processors & exporters, & thus disintermediation.
28

29. A few Key findings of Accel-Omnivore study…contd.
Impact of Covid-19 on India’s Agritech Sector
 85% of agritech start-ups across value chain saw spike in demand of their products
and services.
 Horticulture (80%), farm finance (71%) & aquaculture (70%) saw max growth.
 Farm machinery (69%), dairy (67%), crop advisory (65%), post-harvest services
(63%) & agri inputs (62%).
 Increase in demand boosted fund raising, expect momentum to continue.
 B2B farmer platforms and agri marketplaces like Ninjacart, Agrostar, DeHaat,
Aquaconnect, etc. which achieved rapid scale in the past few years, stepped in to
fill the void, and continued to see high engagement even post the lockdown.
 They seamlessly connected stakeholders digitally after breakdown of traditional
supply chains. Farmers’ requirement for inputs and crop-related advice and
procurement needs led to a "sharp uptick in demand" for such agritech startups.
 Ninjacart, for instance, was back to pre-COVID revenue levels in less than four
weeks post-lockdown. Crop advisory startups, saw 18X increase in app installs.
29

30. A few Key findings of Accel-Omnivore study…contd.
Impact of Covid-19 on India’s Agritech Sector
 A sharp emergence of farm-to-consumer (F2C) brands due to food
safety concerns.
 High demand for fresh foods demand & safe & traceable products.
Vertically integrated, end-to-end farm to home platforms gaining
ground.
 Demand surge and push towards traceability seen across categories,
ranging from fresh fruits and vegetables to meat, seafood, and dairy.
F2C brands like Country Delight, Clover Ventures, FreshtoHome, and
Orinko gained significantly.
 Some of these F2C startups saw 10X reduction in customer acquisition
costs and 2.5-3X growth in volumes during COVID-19.
30

31. A few Key findings of Accel-Omnivore study…contd.
Impact of Covid-19 on India’s Agritech Sector
 Rising penetration of smartphones, spread of internet & low-cost data
making farmers increasingly tech-savvy, specially younger generation.
 Increased adoption of precision agriculture, app-based crop advisory
services & farm mechanisation.
 Companies like Cropin saw a spike in demand for remote monitoring
solutions, while others like Fasal and Eruvaka had increased demand
for their hardware solutions.
 Start-ups working towards improving markets linkages between
farmers, traders and buyers gained. AgNext, Samunnati, Stellapps,
Arya accelerated the digitisation of agri-markets & warehouse
storage by farmers.
 Stellaps saw 5X growth in demand for its IoT-based dairy solutions.
31

32. Investment trends to watch in Agricultural Technology (AgTech)
 Testing and tracing technologies
a. Traceability has become important in current times
due to the increasing concern for food safety.
b. The advantage of these technologies is the that they
have no geographic boundary limitations, and can
be taken globally with ease.
c. Technologies that are B to B have a better chance of
success, and among those, quality assessment tools
and traceability are the likely winners.
d. However, the space is quite crowded and
technologies that are convenient, mobile and
affordable will take the lead, and get perfected over
time.
32

33. Observed Impact of COVID-19 on India’s AGRI Tech Start-ups …contd
Source: Accel and Omnivore
Survey (Poll)
A marketplace for farm
inputs, saw the revenue
generated through its
app triple within 3
months
A company that provides market
linkages as well as advisory and
inputs to farmers, saw a 3X spike
for digital advisory services and a
~3.5 X jump in overall demand
Helps disinter-mediate the supply
chain by connecting farmers
directly with HORECA players, is
back to pre-COVID-19 levels and
has seen a 20% rise in their app-
based ordering patterns
Created a full-stack technology ofering for
shrimp and fish farmers, saw a 18X increase in
app downloads, with a large chunk of their
users demanding end-to-end marketlinkages
33

34. USD 32 Mn
LGT Impact, Caspian, Northern Arc
USD 12 Mn
Agfunder, Omnivore, Sequoia &
Netherlands Development Finance Co.
USD 12 Mn
AL Fund, Surge Venture,
Tempo Ventures Omnivore Partners
USD 6 Mn
Nexus, Omnivore,
Saama Capital, SVG
Ventures
USD 3.9 Mn
Akram Ventures and
Nabventures
USD 2.5 Mn
Matrix and Ankur Capital
Notable capital raising activity in 2020
USD 68.4 Mn was raised by 6 players
Source: Maple Capital Advisors 34

35. Notable Investors
Sequoia Capital
35

36. Cross Border Investments
Started
in India
Now
global
Started
abroad
Now in
India
Germany
USA
36

37. Cases for leveraging technology across segments
& start-ups delivering it
Source: E&Y, Nikkei Asia
Data Analytics
and Machine
Learning
Data and
Platforms for
Price
transparency
Imaging and
AI to
monitor crop
quality
Platform for
produce
traceability
Robotics and
drones for
cultivation /
harvesting
Blockchain -
Connects rural
smallholder
farmers with
banks,
insurance
companies and
input producers
through data
37

38. Modern day start-ups as an enabler of Agri-tech revolution
Supply chain managementInnovative cultivation methods
Investors
B2B Agri commodities trading platform
Facilitates free trade of agricultural commodities
Supply chain is closely linked with agriculture
traders and transporters
Enables traders, wholesalers and food processors
to keep a ledger of their transactions, access
transparent pricing, optimize logistics and
improve their working capital cycles
38

39. Modern day start-ups as an enabler of Agri-tech revolution
App uses big data, artificial intelligence
and machine learning to provide insights
on how to increase yields, the best crops for
a given type of soil and the timing on when
to grow them
The app is free for farmers to use. MyCrop
charges a fee for making data on what and
how much farmers are growing available
to fertilizer companies and financial
institutions, instead of levying the
farmers themselves
Functional in Hindi, Gujarati, English and
Bahasa
39

40. 40
Financing that got materialized during lockdown alone (April – May)
Name of
Start up
Business Area Funding
Amount
Nature Funding
entity
Eggoz Egg producer INR 2.5 Crore Seed
funding
Tracxn Labs,
Angellist,
Tri-Deep
Capital
Clover Greenhouse INR 7 Crore Venture
Debt
Alteria
Capital
DeHaat AI-based customised crop
advisory content of pest and
disease management
USD 12 million Series A Sequoia
Capital
Intello
Labs
Digitises quality across fresh
produce supply chains, reducing
food waste by detecting variance
from specifications and matching
output to needs
USD 5.9
million
Series A Saama
Capital
Bijak enables traders, wholesalers, and
food processors to keep a ledger
of their transactions, access
USD 11.8
million
Series A Omnivore
Partners,
and TempoSource: www.yourstory.com

41. In 2020 (year till
date), more than 20
agritech start ups
have raised a
cumulative of
$125M+ across
equity, venture debt
and conventional
debt rounds
2020
41

42. USD 32 Mn
LGT Impact, Caspian, Northern Arc
USD 12 Mn
Agfunder, Omnivore, Sequoia &
Netherlands Development Finance Co.
USD 12 Mn
AL Fund, Surge Venture,
Tempo Ventures Omnivore Partners
USD 6 Mn
Nexus, Omnivore,
Saama Capital, SVG Ventures
USD 3.9 Mn
Akram Ventures and Nabventures
USD 2.5 Mn
Matrix and Ankur Capital
Notable capital raising activity in 2020
USD 68.4 Mn was raised by
6 players alone
Source: Maple Capital Advisors 42

43. Agri Tech Start-ups funded in 2020 (As of April)
Type of Agri start up How many are there who were
funded
Total
Funding
(USD
Million)
Market linkage – farm inputs 7 50
Precision agriculture and farm
management
224 1926
Quality management & traceability 13 127
Supply chain tech and output market
linkage
85 1851
Financial services 27 129
Source: E&Y
43

44. Funding the Agri Tech start ups in India : 2016-2020
44

45. An efficient irrigation system is essential to the success of the
agricultural sector
Benefits of micro
irrigation
Increase in water efficiency – 50 to 90%
Energy consumption savings – 30.5%
Fertiliser consumption savings – 28.5%
Productivity increase
Fruit/Crops – 42.4% / Vegetables – 52.7%
Irrigation cost savings – 31.9%
New crop introduction – 30.4% farmers
Increase in Farmers’ income – 42%
Year-wise Area Covered under Micro
Irrigation through Centrally
Sponsored Scheme (in Ha)
Source: Grant Thornton; Economic Survey 2019-20, DAC&FW
Micro Irrigation, which includes drip and
sprinkler irrigation, is a proven technology with
advantages like efficient deployment of inputs
such as water, electricity, fertilizers, labour,
increase in crop productivity, better quality of
produce leading to higher realization of sale
price resulting in increased income of farmer.
With this technology, additional area can be
irrigated with the same amount
45

46. 46
Agriculture residue burning
Problem Solution
Source: Economic Survey 2019-20,

47. 47
Stubble burning
incidents
Net Change in Carbon Stock in forest in 2019 as compared to 2017 assessment (in per cent)
Emission pollutants released due to burning
depends on type of crop residue e.g., PM2.5
emission (g/Kg) from burning of crop residues
followed this order -
Sugarcane (12.0)
Maize (11.2)
Cotton (9.8)
Rice (9.3)
wheat (8.5)
Source: Grant Thornton; Economic Survey 2019-20, DAC&FW

48. 48
Cultivation of Medicinal Plant (Herbal) plants (particularly useful during COVID-19)
Source: National Medicinal Plants Boards, www.krishijagran.com
Plants eligible for 75% subsidy
13 species of medicinal plants are
eligible for a 75% subsidy
 Chandan
 Jatamansi
 Atees
 Agar
 Guggal
 Kutki
 Raktachandan
 Bankakri
 Syonaka
 Vatsnabh
 Daruhaldi
 Kuth
 Chirata
National Medicinal Plants Boards (NMPB) working
to promote cultivation of medicinal plants

49. 49
Plants eligible for 50% subsidy
27 species of medicinal plants are
eligible
 Katha
 Beal
 Mulethi
 Shirish
 Varun
 Gambhari
 Chitrak
 Agnimanth
 Beejasar
 Ashok
 Timoor
 Patala
 Rohitak
 Sarpgandha
 Indian Valerian
 Prishnaparni
 Hrddhatri
 Archa,
 Vidarikand
 Nagakeshar
 Jivanti
 Pushkarmo
ol
 Kalihari
 Sarivan,
 Atropa
 Satvin
Plants eligible for 30% subsidy
55 species of medicinal plants are
eligible
 Neem
 Brahmi
 Tulsi
 Pippali
 Isabgol
 Ghritkumari
 Dalchini
 Tejpat
 Kapoor
 Chirmati
 Vach
 Adusa
 Smaller Galanga
 Kalmegh
 Artemisia
 Shatavari
 Pashnabheda
 Pinarnava
 Senna
 Patang
 Sadabahar
 Malkagani
 Mandookpar
 ShwetMusali,
 Arni
 Aparajita
 Patherchur
 Shankhpushpi
 Krsnasariva
 Rotal
 Bringaraj
 Amla
 Kokum
 Vai Vidang
 Gudmar,
 Kapurkachari
 Anantmool,
 Kurchi
 Trivrit
 Indian Crocus
 Chandrasur
 Konch
 Bhumiamlaki
 Bakuchi
 Manjishha
 Flanne
 Weed
 Kathel-badhi
 Makoy,
 Madhukari
 Pawad
 Arjuba
 Bahera
 Harad
 Giloy
 Nirgundi
 Aswagandha
Source: National Medicinal Plants Boards,

50. Waste Management in Agriculture
• Weeds
• Straws
Field Waste
• Animal Dung
• Dead bodies
Animal Waste
• Sugarcane: Molasses, Peals
Agro Industrial Waste
Transported
Treatment
Recycle
Biogas production
Bio Fertilizer production
Sugarcane is source
of Green energy
Ethanol from
Molasses and Juice
Source: www.slideshare.net

51. Atmanirbhar Bharat – The Road Ahead

52. 52
Atmanirbhar Bharat in Agriculture
Third tranche of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’:

53. 53
a. Agriculture sector gets ₹1.5-lakh-cr booster.
b. ₹1 lakh crore to agricultural cooperative societies, farmer
producer organisations and start-ups for boosting farm-gate
infrastructure.
c. ₹10,000 crores for formalisation of micro-food enterprises
and for following cluster-based farming approach.
d. ₹20,000 crores for PM Matsya Sampada Yojana to pave way
for additional fish production of 70 lakh tonnes over 5 years.
e. ₹13,000 crores to achieve 100% vaccination of cattle,
buffalos, sheep, goats and pigs.
f. ₹15,000 crores for animal husbandry infrastructure.
g. ₹4,000 crores for promotion of herbal cultivation to cover 10
lakh hectare under herbal cultivation in 2 years.
h. ₹500 crores for Beekeeping initiatives
Atmanirbhar Bharat in Agriculture…….contd.

54. Technology Investment – A Necessity for India
1. Technology is an exciting space that includes trends from
Artificial Intelligence (AI), to Smartphones, Blockchain, Self-
driving technologies, software-as-a-service (SaaS), the
Internet of Things (IoT), streaming media services, and more.
2. An area full of opportunity, but also with risk.
3. Technology changes quickly, and one-time leaders can
quickly fall behind, or even go out of business.
4. The evolution of technology has certainly grabbed the interest
of the general public and investors alike, as technology
innovation continues to move forward at a remarkable speed.
54

55. Recent Trends in Digital Economy
55

56. Platform Economy is economic and social activity
facilitated by digital platforms. A true Platform Economy
is fast and flexible, and is enabled by digitalization
technologies and capabilities. Digital Innovations are
giving Birth to Disruptive Digital Platform Economies.
•Platform Economy is the tendency for commerce to
increasingly move towards and favor digital platform
business models. The Platform Economy provides as an
Opportunity for SMEs and Start-ups.
•Digital Platform Economy is emerging.
Digital Ecosystems are essential for Digital Transformation
in the digital world. 56
Digital World : The Rise of Platform Economy

57. Why IoT, AI, Big Data & Smart Farming is the
future of agriculture?
57

58. Why IoT, AI, Big Data & Smart Farming is the future of agriculture?...contd
1) "Smart farming" is an emerging concept that refers to managing farms
using technologies like Precision farming equipment, IoT, AI, “big data”
analytics, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or drones), robotics etc., to
increase the quantity and quality of products while optimizing the human
labour required by production (i.e. Cyber-Physical Farm Management).
2) Smart Farming and IoT-driven agriculture are paving the way for, what can
be called a Third Green Revolution.
3) Satellites, drones, wireless sensor networks, analytical farming devices
systems, farm management systems, big data applied to the farm and food
management chain are all examples of IoT and Smart Farming.
4) Digital Transmission Network (DTN) uses big data to improve yields and
profitability, through their Weather Decision Technologies, and associated
with the UN SDGs Mission.
5) Bayer uses big data to ensure sustainable food production - Bayer Digital
Farming - an application that uses machine learning and artificial
intelligence (AI) in weed identification. 58

59. Digital Technology Drivers for the Future of Agriculture
59

60. Internet, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial
Intelligence (AI) techniques, Spatial
Technology, Geomatics Technology,
Blockchain Technology, Cloud
Computing/Fog Computing/Edge
Computing, Mobile Computing, Social
Media, Big Data Analytics and Smart
Farming.
60
Digital Technology Drivers for the Future of Agriculture…contd.

61. 61
What is Technology Investing?
(Melissa Pistilli - October 21st, 2020, www.investingnews.com)
1. In response to massive global spending in this sector, the
World Economic Forum (WEF) has proposed that
countries invest in cybersecurity infrastructure in order
to mitigate risks for digital and connected systems.
2. More advanced investors or those willing to do their
research, may want to look at stocks in the technology
space.
3. Large-cap technology stocks are a good place to start, but
it’s possible to get specific as well — Artificial
Intelligence, Robotics, eSports, Virtual Reality and
Blockchain are just a few niche sectors.

62. Top 10 Emerging Technologies Worth Investing in for 2020
(Vivek Kumar, 6 March 2020, industrywired.com)
1. will be a crucial part of their future strategies, and the global market
of AI will reach from US$21.46 billion in 2018 to US$190.61 billion
by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 36.62 percent);
2. Internet of Things (IoT) - to generate US$344 billion in additional
revenue by 2020 while plummeting costs by US$177 billion;
3. Voice Technology - digital voice e-commerce is estimated to triple to a
US$80 billion industry by 2023;
4. Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR and VR) -the global AR and VR
market is predicted to value US$571.42 billion by 2025;
5. 5G (fifth-generation connectivity)
6. Smart Home Devices and Appliances - Smart TVs and Smart
refrigerators.
62

63. 63
Top 10 Emerging Technologies Worth Investing in for 2020
….contd.
7. Edge Computing (a distributed computing model wherein
computing takes place near the physical location where data is being
gleaned and assessed, instead of on a centralized server or in the
cloud environment). IDC anticipates that there will be 175
zettabytes of data generated around the World by 2025;
8. Internet of Autonomous Things (IoAuT) – works on specific tasks
autonomously without human interaction, thanks to AI algorithms.
9. Distributed Cloud (enabling data centers to be located anywhere,
resolving both technical issues like latency and regulatory
challenges like data sovereignty).
10.Blockchain (US $ 3.1 Trillion business by 2030, according to The
Gartner Report)

64. Technology Forecast
1. Robotics technology has a wide range of applications across various
industries, including healthcare, agriculture and manufacturing; Robotics has
been tipped to achieve a market value of US$170.08 billion;
2. AI is a key part of the emerging technology space, and some of the biggest
growth is forecast in this arena. In fact, the market is predicted to reach a
market value of US$733.7 billion by 2027, growing at a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 42.2 percent between 2020 and 2027;
3. Mobile Technology encompasses everything from smartphones to tablets to
laptop computers. the Mobile application market is expected to reach a value
of US$165 billion by the end of 2023; meanwhile, the global mobile wallet is
projected to hit US$7.58 trillion by 2027;
4. Research firms like PwC and Gartner are tracking as many as 150 different
technologies with the aim of identifying the technology sectors that are
“showing promise” and could be impactful in the next few years;
64

65. 25 Technology Trends Will Define the Next Decade
(Bernard Marr in www.forbes.com dated 20 April 2020)
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and
Machine Learning
2. The Internet of Things (IoT)
3. Wearables and Augmented humans
4. Big Data and Augmented analytics
5. Intelligent Spaces and Smart Places
6. Blockchains and Distributed ledgers
7. Cloud, Fog and Edge Computing
8. Digitally Extended Realities
9. Digital Twins
10. Natural language processing
11. Voice Interfaces and Chatbots
12. Computer vision and facial
recognition
65
13. Robots and Cobots
14. Autonomous vehicles
14. 5G
16. Genomics and Gene editing
17. Machine co-creativity and Augmented design
18. Digital Platforms. Facebook, Uber, and Airbnb etc.
19. Drones and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
20. Cybersecurity and Resilience
21. Quantum Computing & Quantum Computers
22. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
23. Mass Personalization & Micro-moments (made
possible by technologies like AI, Big Data, & Analytics)
24. 3D and 4D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
25. Nanotechnology and Materials Science

66. The present and future of food tech investment opportunity
(Ingrid Fung, October 23, 2019 in https://techcrunch.com)
a. There is no bigger industry on our planet than food and
agriculture, with a consistent, loyal customer base of 7 billion. In
fact, the World Bank estimates that food and agriculture
comprise about 10% of the global GDP.
b. Innovation imperative:
i. In recent years, AgTech innovators have created exciting new
ways to harness the power of technology to enhance the
world’s food supply.
ii. AgTech innovations are protecting crops and maximizing
outputs enabling structural changes in the agriculture system
that could achieve important Sustainability Goals of lowering
greenhouse gasses, reducing water use, ending deforestation
and potentially even sequestering Carbon back into Soil.
66

67. Investment trends to watch in Agricultural Technology (AgTech)
 AgTech is on a path of true disruption:
1. Plant health and nutrition includes novel plant biologicals,
breeding techniques, soil amendments, bio-stimulants and bio-
pesticides;
2. Animal health and nutrition includes animal disease vaccines and
medicines, new animal feeds, genetic makeup and livestock
management;
3. Equipment and data include aerial monitoring, precision
agriculture, agricultural equipment linked by the internet, big data
and data analysis services;
4. Food technology includes cultured meat, novel ingredients, plant-
based proteins, food safety, new production methods and
agricultural marketplace.
67

68. 68
Investment trends to watch in Agricultural Technology (AgTech)…contd.
 The Rise of Problem Solvers
1. The AgTech industry will continue to grow as companies try to solve
problems of sustainability, pesticide and herbicide resistance, antibiotic
replacements, farm level productivity, and the challenging economics of
traditional agricultural methods.
2. Technology adoption by farmer paves way for digitisation of farm sector.
3. Capital flows into AgTech StartUp Ecosystem are set to remain robust in the
year ahead, as innovations fuel digitisation of the farm sector.
1. Farm to fork has seen the largest investment activity so far, and
will continue to attract investor interest. These are the low
hanging fruit, easier to enter as sourcing can be from trade
intermediaries for a start, and potential to achieve volumes.
2. Investment has to flow into segments that have not received
adequate investor attention so far. One big potential area is farm
mechanisation and labour substitution in farm operations.

69. 69
Investment trends to watch in Agricultural Technology (AgTech)…contd.
1. Farm automation – Even though it is relatively less
attractive in India due to the small farm sizes, fragmented
holdings, access limitations to holdings for movement of
and placement of machinery, all of which limit the
capacity to absorb this technology.
2. Agri FinTech in Agri Finance.
3. Agri Insures is surely a large White Space.
 One of the key barriers is the lack of the mainstream
Agricultural Research community and Government
Agricultural Departments not adequately supporting and
partnering with Agri StartUps to demonstrate and
expand their reach.

70. FDI in the Indian Agricultural Sector
1. India is a typically agrarian economy
2. With 157.35 million hectares under agriculture, India holds
the second-largest agricultural land in the World.
3. India is among the fifteen leading exporters of agricultural
products in the world.
4. With a rising population, globalization, a rapidly growing
economy and surge of demand, it is no surprise that India
stands to gain from increased foreign investments in the
agriculture sector.
5. Agriculture in India is a highly attractive sector.
70

71. 71
FDI in the Indian Agricultural Sector…contd
1. At present, 100% FDI is allowed through :-
 automatic route into India for the following agricultural activities:
 Floriculture, horticulture, apiculture and cultivation of vegetables and
mushrooms under controlled conditions
 Development and production of seeds and planting material
 Animal husbandry (including breeding of dogs), fish farming,
aquaculture, under controlled conditions
 Services related to agriculture and its allied sectors
 Other than these activities, foreign investments of up to 100% under the
government route are permitted in the tea sector, including tea
plantations.

72. 72
FDI in the Indian Agricultural Sector…contd
1. FDI equity inflow in agriculture sector (including
food processing) - Low FDI stems from multiple
challenges:
 Large proportion of Rainfed agriculture
 lack of transparency and consistency in FDI policies
 infrastructure bottlenecks and regulatory hurdles
 Issues pertaining to land acquisition in the country -
the procedure for acquiring the agricultural land
differs from State to State.

73. 73
FDI in the Indian Agricultural Sector…contd
MEA launches site to ‘link farmers with investors’
 MEA have launched ‘www.indbiz.gov.in’ to help
farmers acquire investment and market their products
abroad.
 A direct interface for foreign investors to serve as a
‘two-way funnel’, connecting interested investors with
agencies such as ‘Agricultural and Processed Food
Products Export Development Authority’ (APEDA) &
with farming community, & to act as a one-stop
window for farmers to acquire investment & market
their products abroad.

74. www.indbiz.gov.in
A digital interface for foreign
investors to connect directly with
farmers
Facilitate a direct connect with
global agriculture market
Initiatives by Government
Source: MEA, www.indbiz.gov.in

75. 75
Initiatives by Corporations
Google AI Impact Challenge provides a funding of $20 million
along with mentorship to all the winners so that they can complete
the first phase of their operations and scale them further
Google is empowering start-ups to improve its product and scale it
up such that it can reach to farmers across the country
Source: India Today

76. 76
Source: Escorts
Initiatives by Corporations
Escorts’ RNIL Incubates 5 Tech Start-ups through
an
Inter-College Innovation Challenge IC2
Agri-tech
Rail-tech
Infra-tech
The 5 start-ups will be given seed funding from
Escorts
9 other ideas for building of prototypes or testing and
validating existing prototypes are being supported
Rajan Nanda Innovation Lab identifies and nurtures unique ,innovative
ideas in agriculture mechanization, smart construction, rail safety

77. 77
Farmers Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020
3 Central Farm Acts reforming agriculture sector in India
Farmers (Empowerment & Protection) Assurance and Farm Service Act, 2020
(the Contract Farming Act)
The Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020 (the EC Amendment Act)
Why’s these three Acts?
As PM Modi explained to farmers yesterday, these will
benefit small & marginal holdings who do not have
wherewithal to invest resources & technology for
improvement. These new Laws will enable them to have
better choices, sell to anybody or export, directly or through
FPO or be a part of value chain. Private sector will bring in
new tech & expertise for better yield. He cited successes in
dairy & poultry sector

78. 78
Agriculture 4.0
(digitally empowered farming
community)
Industry 4.0
(digitally empowered industrial
manufacturing –
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT),
Cyber Physical System,
3D Printing, Cloud Computing, and
BIG Data)
Society 5.0
(digitally empowered society – e.g.
Japanese)
Digital India 2015
Make In India 2015
Skill India
2015
StartUp India 2015
StandUp India
2015
AtmaNirbhar
Bharat
2020
Vocal for Local
Doubling
Farmers
Income
By
2022
Eco System - Situational Analysis

79. 79
• Digital Network for Farmers (DNF) is a strength, wealth and prosperity for about
138.35 million farming households in India 2010-11 (Agricultural census)
• Marginal Scale Farmers (67%) : (< .5 Ha & 0.5 – 1.0 Ha)
• Small Scale Farmers (18%) : (1-2)
• Semi-Medium Scale Farmers: (10%) (2-3 & 3-4)
• Medium Scale Farmers (4.3%) (4-5, 5-7.5 & 7.5-10.0)
• Large Scale Farmers (0.7%) (10.0 – 20.0 & > = 20.0)
• Leverage on a mix of emerging and existing technologies for effective and inexpensive
ICT penetration for productivity in farming sector:
• Input System,
• Production System,
• Output System &
• (Non-Farm) Rural Development.
• Bridging the Development Gaps in Human Resources for Informatisation of Farming
Sector
• M.Tech in Agricultural Informatics
• B.Tech in Agricultural Informatics
• PG Diploma in Agricultural Informatics
• Diploma In Agricultural Informatics
• MBA in AgriBusiness Management

80. 80
Science, Technology and Innovation
• Sub-Sector: Agriculture, Horticulture, Sericulture, Jute cultivation,
Floriculture, Apiculture, Livestock, Dairy, Fisheries, Post Harvest
Management, Marketing, Processing …
• Agri-Business : Value Chain, Supply Chain …
Agriculture 4.0
• Future of Agriculture : Genomics, Robotics, Informatics and
Nanotechnology – GRIN Revolution (different from Green
Revolution)
• Digitalised Agriculture : SMAC (Social Media, Mobile, Analytics,
Cloud Computing)Technology, ICT, IOT, WOT, Geomatics, Remote
Sensing Technology, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning,
Expert System, Decision Support System, Language Computing,
Block Chain Technology etc.

81. 81
Inclusive Agricultural Commodity Value System

82. 82
Digital Technology in Agriculture
Farme
r
Produc
ers
Data Base
Technology
IOT / WOT
Sensor
Technology
GIS
Technology
Mobile
Technology
Remote
Sensing
Technology
Social Media
Technology
Artificial
Intelligence
Digital
Technol
ogy
BigData
Technology
& DSS Tools
TV White
Space
Technology
3 D Printing
Technology
Block Chain
Technology
Web
Technology
Cloud
Computing
Technology
Language
Computing
Technology
1. e-Governance & Informatics
2. GRIN Technology (Genomics, Robotics, Informatics & Nano-Technology)

83. 83
Doubling Farmers’ Income by 2022 Committee
Report (2018)
• Digital Technology in Agriculture (Volume-
12 B: Chapters 7-10)
• Empowering the Farmers through Extension
& Knowledge Dissemination (Volume 11)

84. 84
1. Digitalised Agriculture: Digital Technology and Innovation in Agriculture: Digital India, Make in
India, Skill India and StartUp India Programmes for Transformational Reforms in Agricultural
Sector
1. SMART Irrigated Agri System
2. SMART Rainfed Agri System
3. SMART Tribal Agri System
2. Digitalised Agro-Met Advisories & Agricultural Risk Management Solution;
3. Digitalized Agricultural Resources Information System and Micro-Level Planning for achieving
SMART VILLAGE & SMART FARMING;
4. Digitalized Agricultural Value Chain from “Farms” to “Profits” – nearly about 400 Commodities;
5. Digitalised Access to Inputs, Technology, Knowledge, Skill, Agricultural Finance, Credit,
Marketing and Agribusiness Management, to Farmers;
6. Digitalized Integrated Land and Water Management System – Per Drop More Crop;
7. Digitalized Farm Health Management (Plant Health, Animal Health, Soil Health, Water Health
and Fish Health) for reduction of Farmers’ Losses.
Digital Technology in Agriculture: Strategic Recommendations
(Source: DFI-2022 Volume 12 B Report)

85. 85
The DFI-2022 Mission Mode Programme “Digitalized Value Chain
for about 400 agricultural Commodities” may facilitate
• formation of more than 6500 Agri StartUps (one per block) or
even about 2.25 Lakh Agri StartUps (one per each Gram
Panchayat) which can ease out supply-side lock in logistics of
Agricultural Value System.
Digital Technologies – Block Chain, IOT, Artificial Intelligence (ML &
DL), BigData Analytics, GIS, Smart Phone, Internet, Cloud
Computing, Industry 4.0, and Language computing –
• facilitate farming community empowered, progressively,
through the newly evolving Agricultural Informatics
discipline.

86. 86
Way Forward
 Digital Technology is the Driver for the Future of Agriculture.
 Operationalisation of 7 Mission Mode Projects - Digital
Technology in Agriculture - as recommended in the DFI-2022
Report (2018), needs Technology Investment, facilitating 14
Crores Operational Farm Holders to be part of Digital Platform
Economy.
 AgTech innovators create exciting new ways to harness the
power of technology for enhancing the Food Supply – Locally and
Globally.
 India requires at least One AgTech StartUp in every Gram
Panchayat i.e. 6.25 Lakh AgTech StartUps.
 Capital flows into AgTech StartUp Ecosystem are essential.

87. 87
Way Forward……contd.
 Mainstream Agricultural Research community and Government
Agricultural Departments for adequately supporting and
partnering with Agri StartUps to demonstrate and expand their
reach.
 India is among the fifteen leading exporters of agricultural
products in the World. Hence Digital Technology Investment in
Agricultural Value Chains (numbering about 400.) needs
immediate attention.
 High time that the Government of India creates a Ministry of
Rural Infrastructure, by clubbing all relevant Departments
together at the Central level.
 Technology Investment through FDI in Agricultural Value Chains
is the Need of the Hour.

88. Thank you