Dynamics of Report Writing.

1. Dr. Jyoti Thakur,
I/c Head,
Department of Commerce,
S. N. D. T. Women’s University,
Mumbai – 400 020.
Dynamics and Mechanism of
Research Report

2. Meaning of Research Report
Research report writing is the oral or written presentation of the
evidence and the findings in such detail and form as to be readily
understood and accessed by the reader and as to enable him to
verify the validity of the conclusions.
According to American Marketing Society, Its purpose is to
Convey to interested persons the whole result of study in
sufficient detail and to enable each reader to comprehend the
data and to determine himself the validity of the conclusions. It
is covers, Disseminations, Presents the conclusions for the
information and knowledge to others, to check the validity of
the generalizations, to encourage others to carry on research
on the same or allied problem.

3. Objectives of Report Writing
To provide detailed information
To Communicate the result to the stakeholders
To provide a basis for further action
To provide a base for initiating new researchers
To generate awareness about the research
To provide a basis for decision making

4. Structure of Research Report
Generally, a research report, whether it is
called dissertation or thesis
1) The Preliminary i.e. preface pages
2) The text of the report / Main body of the
report
3) The Reference Material.

5. Format of the Research Report
 Preliminary Pages
Title page
Certificate
Declaration
Acknowledgement
The page of contents with page numbers
List of Tables
List of Charts
List of Abbreviations.
 Main Report
Chapter I Introduction / Research Methodology
Chapter II Review of Literature of the Study.
Chapter III Conceptual Framework of the Study.
Chapter IV Findings and Conclusions.
Chapter V Suggestions and Recommendations.
• References Bibliography.
Annexure

6. PRELIMINARY SECTIONPRELIMINARY SECTION
 Title page
 Certification
 Candidate Declaration
 Preface including Acknowledgements
 Table of Content
 List of Tables
 List of figures
 List of Abbreviation

7. Main Body of the Report
Chapter I Introduction / Research Methodology
Chapter II Review of Literature of the Study
Chapter IIIConceptual Framework of the Study
Chapter IV Data Analysis and Interpretations
Chapter V Findings and Conclusions
Chapter V Suggestions and Recommendations

8. Reference Material
Bibliography.
Appendices/Annexure

9. Bibliography
• All references be properly numbered.
• Reference should provide:
Name of author/s
Title of article
Name of book / journal
Year / month
Vol. No. and Page No.
• Books: Authors Name, Title of Book, Publisher,
place, Year.
Journals: Authors Name, Title of Paper, journal, Vol. No. ,
Publisher, place, Year.
News paper: Authors Name, Title of News Paper,, Vol.
No. , Publisher, place, Year.

10. Footnotes

11. Example of ibid used in footnotes
2.3 Concepts related to classification of women
entrepreneurs:
1. Affluent EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs1212
Affluent women entrepreneurs are that women entrepreneur who hails from rich business
families. They are the daughters, daughter-in laws, sisters, sister-in-lawsand wives of
affluent people in the society. Many of them are engaged in beauty parlour, interior
decoration, book publishing, film distribution and the like. The family supports the above
type of entrepreneur in carrying out their responsibilities
2. Pull Factors13
Women in towns and cities take up entrepreneurship as a challenge to do something new
and to be economically independent. These are coming under the category of pull factors.
They belong to educated women who generally lake up
_________
12 Setty E. D. and Krishnamurthy P., Women Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship
Development, Anmol publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2007, p. 46.
13 Ibid, p. 46.

12. Push Factors14
There are some women entrepreneurs who accept entrepreneurial activities to
overcome financial difficulties. The family situation forces them either to develop
the existing family business or to start new ventures to improve the economic
conditions of the family. Such categories of entrepreneurs are termed as push
factors.
4. Self-employed Entrepreneur15
Poor and very poor women in villages and town rely heavily on their own efforts
for sustenance. They start tiny and Small enterprises like brooms making, wax
candle making, providing tea and coffee to offices, ironing of clothes knitting
work, tailoring firm etc. Such women are called self-employed entrepreneurs.
5. Rural Entrepreneur16
Women in rural areas/villages start enterprises which needs least organising skill
and less risk. Dairy products, pickles, fruit juices, papads and jagger making are
coming under this category of rural entrepreneur.
___________
14 Ibid, p. 46.
15 Ibid, p. 46.
16 Ibid, p. 4

13. 1. Women Empowerment21 is probably the totality of the following or similar
capabilities:
Having decision-making power of their own having access to information
and resources for taking proper decision.
Having a range of options from which you can make choices (not just
yes/no, either/or.)
Ability to exercise assertiveness in collective decision making.
Having positive thinking on the ability to make change.
Ability to learn skills for improving one's personal or group power.
Ability to change others’ perceptions by democratic means.
Involving in the growth process and changes that is never ending and selfinitiated.
Increasing one's positive self-image and overcoming stigma.
2. Bhasin (1985) women’s empowerment22 involved the transformation of
power relations at six different levels-individual, family, group, organization
village, community and society.
__________
21 Annual Report, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises,
Government of India, 2010,
p. 20.
22 Setty E. D. and Krishnamurthy P., op.cit., p. 25.

14. Criteria to write a Good Report
• Write in a positive manner
• Keep it short
• Try to be original
• Use simple language
• Data should be accurate
• Wherever possible use graphs, pictures
• Have consistency of logic
• Don't repeat the same ideas
• Detail the design of the study
• Organise the material in major themes
• Acknowledge the work of others through references or
footnotes
• The cover page should catch the attention.
• Heading, sub-headings should be clear.

15. •Dissertation should be typed with 12 font and double
spacing, Times / New Roman on A4 size white bond
paper.
•Title page will not have any page number. From the
Declaration till the Chapter no. 1 page numbers should
be in small roman numbers.
•First chapter will begin with page no. 1
•Each chapter will begin on a new page.
•The titles of the chapters will be in capital letters.
•The titles of the tables, graphs and figures will be in
capital letters.
•The numbers of the tables, graphs and figures should
contain the chapter number and the number of the
table e.g.
TABLE 1.1: TITLE OF THE TABLE

16. Age
Block
Total
PercentBhiwandi Vasai Shahapur
18-35 44.7 56.5 55.0 52.7
36-59 50.0 39.6 45.0 44.6
60 &Above 5.3 3.9 .0 2.7
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
TABLE 9.1 :AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS
•Example of Data Analysis:
•Classification on the Basis of Age:
For the purpose of study women respondents are categorized as younger women (18-35), elder women (36-59)
and senior citizen (60 and above) as per their ages which are given in the following Table:
Source: Statistical Analysis of Responses of Respondents.
Table 9.1 and Graph 9.1 depict that in Shahapur 55 percent women are younger
women, 45 percent are elder women. In Vasai 56.5 percent women are younger,
39.6 percent are elder women and 3.9 percent are senior women.
Graph
9.1

17. Characteristics of good report
1) Attractive
2) Clear Topic
3) Balanced Language
4) No repetition of facts
5) Statement of scientific facts
6) Practicability
7)Description of the difficulties and the shortcomings

18. Good Report & Conclusions
Review of literature
Treatment of quotations
Size and Physical Design
Footnotes
Use of Abbreviations
Use of Statistics, Charts and Graphs
Bibliography, Index & Appendices
Conclusions: In spite of all that has been stated above, one should always
keep in view the fact report-writing is an art which is learnt by practice and
experience.

19. Thank You