This document contains lecture slides about color in interior design given by Prof. C. Gopinath. It covers color basics like the color wheel, primary/secondary/tertiary colors, color schemes, and color mixing. Examples of different color schemes like monochromatic, analogous, complementary are provided. Warm and cool colors are defined. The document aims to introduce the fundamentals of color for interior design applications.
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Colour in Interior Design
Lecture delivered by:
Prof. C. Gopinath
Professor
Dept. of Design
MSRSAS-Bangalore
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Session Objectives
• Introduction to colour
• Colour basics
• Colour wheel
• Colour classification
• Colour systems
• Colour mixing
• Colour schemes - examples
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Introduction to Colour
• Colour is a phenomenon of light.
• Colour induces different feelings in
individuals according to the environment
• Colour alters the appearance of object.
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• Colour is one of the most
powerful of elements and
has tremendous expressive
qualities.
• The word colour applies to
the whole spectrum - red,
orange, yellow, green,
blue, violet, black and
white.
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Colour Wheel
The colour wheel or colour circle is the basic
tool for combining colours. The first circular
colour diagram was designed by Sir Isaac
Newton in 1666.
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• The most common version is a wheel of 12
colours based on the RYB (or artistic)
colour model.
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The Artist’s Spectrum
The colour wheel is designed so that virtually
any colours you pick from it will look good
together.
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Colour Chart
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Basic Aspects of colour
• Hue is the name of a
colour ex. red,
orange, yellow.
• Value is the relative
lightness or darkness
of a hue ex. dark red.
• Saturation is the hue
intensity or
brilliance, its dullness
or vividness.
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Classification of Colour
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• Primary colours – red, yellow and blue
• Secondary colours – orange, green and
violet
• Tertiary Colours - Red-orange, yellow-
orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-
violet, Red-violet.
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Classification of Primary Colour
• The primary colours consisting of three
hues are classified into two types -
• Painters Primaries - red, blue, yellow
(RBY). which is used in traditional arts like
painting.
• Printers Primaries - magenta, cyan, yellow
(CYMK) which is used as the basis for
colour printing
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Artist’s Primary Colour
• RYB Red Yellow Blue
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Painters Primary Colour
• CMYK Cyan Magenta Yellow Black
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Traditional Colour Wheel
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The Artist’s Spectrum
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Primary Colours
• The three primary colours are red, yellow
and blue.
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Secondary Colours
• The three secondary colours (green, orange
and purple) are created by mixing two
primary colours.
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Tertiary Colours
• Another six tertiary colours are created by
mixing primary and secondary colours.
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Cool and Warm Colours
The colour circle is divided into warm and
cool colours
• Warm colours are vivid and energetic, and
tend to advance in space.
• Cool colours give an impression of calm,
and create a soothing impression.
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Neutral Colours
White, black and gray are considered to be
neutral colours ( along with browns and
beige)
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Colour Schemes
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Analogous Colours
• Analogous colour schemes use colours that
are next to each other on the colour wheel.
They usually match well and create serene
and comfortable designs.
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Complementary Colours
• Colours that are opposite each other on the
colour wheel are considered to be
complementary colours (example: red and
green).
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Split Complementary Colours
• The split-complementary colour scheme
uses in addition to the base colour the two
colours adjacent to its complement.
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Triadic Colours
• A triadic colour scheme uses colours that
are evenly spaced around the colour wheel.
• Triadic colour schemes tend to be quite
vibrant, even with pale or unsaturated
versions of the hues.
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Rectangle (Triadic) Colours
• The rectangle or tetradic colour scheme
uses four colours arranged into two
complementary pairs.
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Square Colours
• The square colour scheme is similar to the
rectangle, but with all four colours spaced
evenly around the colour circle.
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Mixing of Colours
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• Hues can be de-saturated in one of three
ways:
• mix with white to lighten the value (tint)
• mix with black to darken the value (shade)
• mix with gray or the complement to either
lighten or darken the value ( tone).
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Tints
• Tint: - Pure colour mixed with white.
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Shades
• Shade: Pure colour mixed with black.
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Tones
• Tone: - Pure colour mixed with gray.
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Examples of Colour Scheme
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Primary Colours
• In the RYB color model, the primary
colours are red, yellow and blue.
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• In the RYB (or subtractive) colour model,
the primary colours are red, yellow and
blue.
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Clash Colours Scheme
•
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Complementary Colours Scheme
•
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Analogous Colours Scheme
•
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Achromatic Colours Scheme
•
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Monochromatic Colours Scheme
•
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Neutral Colours Scheme
•
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Split Complementary Colours Scheme
•
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Secondary Colours Scheme
•
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Tertiary Triad Colours Scheme
•
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• Hot colour : Red.
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• Warm colours
Orange, Yellow.
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Examples of colour schemes
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Primary Colours
In the RYB color model, the primary colours are
red, yellow and blue.
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Primary colours
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Monochromatic - One color. A monochromatic color scheme uses only one hue
(color) and all values (shades or tints) of it for a unifying and harmonious
effect.
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Values of pure hues as well as those of tints and shades to create movement
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Black and White are thought of as neutrals because they do not change colour
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Analogous colours contain a common hue and tend to blend together.
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Warm colors - suggest warmth
and seem to move toward the
viewer and appear closer, e.g.,
red and orange are the colors of
fire.
Cool colors - suggest coolness and
seem to recede from a viewer and
fall back, e.g., blue and green are
the colors of water and trees).
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Complementary - two colors
opposite one another on the color
wheel, e.g., blue and orange,
yellow and purple, red and green.
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Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red, Yellow
and Blue
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Secondary - by mixing two primary colors, you create a secondary
color:
Red + yellow =orange; yellow + blue = green; and blue + red =
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Intermediate - colors are created by mixing a primary and a
secondary: Red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green,
blue-purple, and red-purple.
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Split complements - the combination of one hue plus the
hues on each side of its complement. This is easier to work
with than a straight complementary scheme. It offers more
variety, e.g., red-orange, blue, and green.
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Double complementary - two adjacent hues and their opposites. it
uses four colors arranged into two complementary color pairs.
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Complementary color scheme (two colors opposite one another on the color
wheel)
1 set of colour
1 set in Tints (colour plus
white)
1 set in Shades (colour plus blac
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The dark shades of red in this
design give a powerful and
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Orange is used here to give a
friendly and inviting impression
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The bright yellow accents bring
attention to the most important
parts.
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The more olive-toned green gives it a
natural feeling, which is very
appropriate for the content.
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This scheme combines a range of blues,
which gives it a refreshing feeling overall.
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The light and medium purples here
work well to convey a sense of
creativity.
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White backgrounds are very
popular on minimalistic sites, and
provide great contrast to black
typography.
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The wide spectrum of gray shades used
in this design combine to give a
sophisticated and professional look .
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The orangish-brown here gives a very
earthy and dependable feeling.
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Tan is popularly used as a paper-bag
texture, and in its more grayish form as
a concrete or stone texture.
