#vehicle#automobile #Batteries#Electricalvehicle#EV#Lithium batteries

1. A Technical Seminar
On
“Vehicle Electrical Systems and Batteries”
Presented by
V-Slides

2. 1. Introduction
2. Vehicle electrical systems
3. Batteries
4. Lithium-ion batteries
5. Conclusion
6. References
Contents

3. Introduction
•Vehicle electrical systems are controlled devices in a vehicle, they receive energy from battery and return it
back to the battery.
•The charging systems comprises of alternator and battery. alternator used as energy convertor and batteries are
used as the accumulator..
•The battery is used to power the starter motor helps the engine to start running while the alternator is used to
charge the battery and other electrical
•Lithium-ion batteries are presently produced at a rate of several million units per month and they are rapidly
replacing the bulkier and less energetic nickel–cadmium and nickel–metal hydride batteries in popular devices,
such as cellular phones and computers..
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4. Vehicle electrical systems
 The vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle comprises the alternator as the convertor, one or
more batteries as the energy accumulators and the electrical equipment as consumers. The energy
from the battery is supplied to the starter, which then starts the vehicle engine during vehicle
operation. The ignition and fuel injection system, the control units, the safety and comfort and
convenience electronics, the lighting, and other equipment have to be supplied with power.
 The alternator supplies the required electrical power for these components and also to charge the
battery. The nominal output of alternator ranges fromapprox,1kW in subcompact size cars to over
3kW in the upper class. This is less than the consumers need in total. In other words, the battery must
also supply power at times during vehicle operation.
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5. Fig. 1: Location of the electrical vehicles
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6. 4
Fig. working of starter

7. Batteries
 A battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external
connections for powering electrical devices such as flashlights, mobile phones, and electric cars.
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Batteries
Primary Secondary
Zinc choride
Zinc carbon
Lithium ion polymer
Lithium ion
Lead acid
Nickel metal hydride
Nickel cadmium
Silver mercury oxide
Lithium
Alkaline
Watches
Photo flash
Radios and recorders
Flash light toys

8. Construction
 Battery cell : Battery cells are those where these electro-chemical reactions take place to
produce the limited electric potential difference. For achieving desired electric
potential difference across the battery terminals multiple numbers of cells are to be
connected
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9. Table : specification of the batteries
(Reference from www.batteryuniversity.com)
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10. Lithium-ion batteries
 Electrochemical conversion occurs at two electrodes, viz., cathode and anode.
Lithium ions (Li+) move from anode to cathode during discharge and from cathode
to anode in charging. Electrons move in the external circuit into the same directions
Li-ions.
 The anode (negative electrode) is usually graphite or lithium titanate. The cathode
(positive electrode) is typically lithium metal oxide. Lead acid, nickel-metal hydride,
and lithium-ion batteries are the most common rechargeable batteries.
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11. Most commonly used li-ion batteries
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12.  Vehicle electrical system comprise many components that include generators electric wire harness
connectors and many more. We've seen the definition, functions, applications, components and
working of a vehicle electrical system. Lithium-ion battery technology has developed hugely in
recent years. This is due to new lithium electrode materials which have improved the battery
performance towards needed targets. The lifetime can be extended by using clever algorithms in a
battery system and keeping the system temperature sufficiently low.
Conclusion

13. [1] Bosch Automotive Handbook - 8th Edition, Bently publication.
[2] Meissner, Eberhard, and Gerolf Richter. "Battery monitoring and electrical energy management:
Precondition for future vehicle electric power systems." Journal of power sources 116.1-2 (2003): 79-
98.
[3] Denton, Tom. Automobile electrical and electronic systems. Routledge, 2017.
[4] Saxena, Nupur, et al. "Implementation of a grid-integrated PV-battery system for residential and
electrical vehicle applications." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 65.8 (2017): 6592-6601.
[5] Väyrynen, Antti, and Justin Salminen. "Lithium-ion battery production." The Journal of Chemical
Thermodynamics 46 (2012): 80-85.
REFERENCE

14. THANK YOU