1. TROUBLE IN THE FRIGID WATERS
Climate Change and the Antarctic

2. Antarctica

3. Southern Ocean

5. Antarctica

6. Kevin’s subtitle? And presentation
follows…
 …..eventually

20. Ocean Acidification in the Polar Seas
 By Cecilia P.
 An interpretation of Ocean Acidification At High Latitudes: The Bellwether (Fabry et al 2008)

31. Southern Ocean

32. Southern Ocean

33. Southern Ocean

69. THE Antarctic

70. THE Antarctic

71. THE Antarctic

72. THE Antarctic

73. THE Antarctic

74. THE Antarctic

76. Unique – Giant Sea Spiders

77. Unique – Nermateans

78. Unique – Giant Isopods

79. Unique

87. The invasion has begun

88. The invasion has begun

89. The invasion has begun

90. The invasion has begun

91. The invasion has begun

92. The invasion has begun

94. REFERENCES – Picture Credit
 Alfred Wegener Institut fuer Polar und Meeresforschung
http://www.awi.de/en/news/images_video_audio/image
_galleries/picture_gallery_antarctic_benthos/
 Ice shelf picture:
http://www.swisseduc.ch/glaciers/earth_icy_planet/glaci
ers08- en.html?id=5)
 Picture of Blue King Crab
http://www.seafoodblog.net/?p=326
 Picture of King Crab with raised claw
http://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/king-
crabs-invade-antarctica-for-first-time-in-40-million-
years.html
 Picture of Arctic Fox
http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mamma
ls/arctic-fox/
 Arctic Map
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/polar/ar
ctic.htm#.UZ08AbWsh8E
 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mamma
ls/weddell-seal/
 Picture of Anarctic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic
 Picture of Walrus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walrus
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaskan_king_crab_fishing
 Isopod picture http://www.oikonos.org/apfieldguide
 Spider Crab http://fwallpapers.com/view/spider-crab
 Waving King Crab
http://avrilmarieives.wordpress.com/2011/06/29/alaska-
the-last-frontier/alaska-june-2011-663/

95. The End

96. References – Original Scientific Literature
 Aronson, R. B., Thatje, S., Clarke, A., Peck, L. S., Blake, D.B., Wilga, C. D. and Seibel, B. A.
(2007). Climate Change and Invasibility of the Anarctic Benthos. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.
38:129-54.
 Bintanja, R., van Oldenborgh, G. J., Drijfhout, S. S., Wouters, B. and Katsman C. A. (2013).
Important role for ocean warming and increased ice-shelf melt in Antarctic sea-ice
expansion. Nat Geosci DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1767
 Fabry, V. J., McClintock, J. B., Mathis, J. T. and Grebmeier J. M. (2009). Ocean
Acidification at High Latitudes: The Bellwether. Oceanography 22(4): 160-171.
 Pritchard, H. D., Ligtenberg, S. R. M., Fricker, H. A., Vaughan, D. G., Van Den Broeke, M. R.
and Padman, L. (2012). Antarctic ice-sheet loss driven by basal melting of ice shelves.
Nature 484: 502-505.

97.  SPECIAL THANKS TO The Evergreen State College and Trisha Towanda