Andrew Foster Research Paper

Andrew Foster Research Paper
Andrew Foster was born in Ensley, Birmingham, Alabama on June 27, 1925.
Throughout Foster's childhood, he was a hearing child. When Foster was eleven he suffered from spinal meningitis and became deaf. However, being
deaf didn't stop Foster from still wanting to get an education. Where Andrew grew up, they did not educate colored children past sixth grade. Foster's
determination to get an education helped to make him popular in the deaf community for years to come.
Andrew Foster was determined to get an education. When his family moved to Chicago, he went to high school there and graduated in 1951.
Throughout high school, Foster went to Sunday School at his church every Sunday. One Sunday a missionary from Jamaica came to his church and
talked about his work in Africa. Foster then realized he wanted to do the same. After graduating, Foster wrote to Gallaudet and they accepted him with a
full scholarship. Foster then became the first African–American to be accepted into Gallaudet. Four years into the future, in 1954, Foster would
become the first African–American to graduate from Gallaudet University with a degree in Bachelor Arts. From here, Foster's career as a missionary
was just getting started. When ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was in Nigeria that Foster met his wife, Berta. Berta was from Germany and was also deaf. Berta and Andrew shared the same passion for the
mission Andrew had created in Africa. Berta and Andrew married in Nigeria in 1961. Together, they went on to establish more deaf facilities in Africa
such as deaf churches, sunday schools, youth camps, and teacher training facilities. Also together they had five children, four boys and one girl.
Eventually, Berta and the children moved back to the United States after Berta was diagnosed with terminal cancer. However, Andrew stayed in Africa
where he continued his mission with the exception of flying back and forth to America to visit his
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The President Of The Columbia Institution
After meeting with Kendall and his associates in April 1857, Gallaudet accept the offer (Gallaudet, 1983). In addition to accepting the position,
Gallaudet also proposes the idea of expanding the institution into a college for the Deaf (Gallaudet, 1912). Kendall supported the idea and
promised to speak to the Board of Directors and solicit the aid of Congress (Gallaudet, 1912). While Kendall would be the president of the
Columbia Institution for the Instruction of Deaf and Dumb and Blind, school for children, Gallaudet would become the president of the college
once Congress conferred the institution full collegiate powers in 1864. In 1865, the blind students at the institution were transferred a As plans
were being made to establish the college, Gallaudet and Kendall faced a couple of disagreements. In 1864, Gallaudet drafted a bill that would grant
the institution collegiate powers and worked on it with Senator James W. Grimes of Iowa to enact it. Gallaudet noted that some oppositions was
faced because some doubted if deaf persons had the ability to learn collegiate studies (Gallaudet, 1912). Nevertheless, the law was passed in both
houses of Congress and was signed by President Lincoln on April 8, 1864 (Armstrong, 2014). Gallaudet exclaims that when Kendall received the
news, he "was pleased but remarked that he hoped I was not going" (Armstrong, 2014, p. 4). Additionally, Kendall and Gallaudet disputed about the
admission policy. Gallaudet believed that there should a

Gallaudet
Sign language in the United States started out with each area having there own form of sign language specific to that area. What is known as
American sign language today was developed by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. Gallaudet started to develop ASL after he visited his family in 1814
and met Alice Cogswell, a young deaf girl who his siblings had left out. Gallaudet started to teach Cogswell written words for things such as the word
hat. After that Alice's father, Mason Cogswell wanted Gallaudet to continue to teach Alice so he paid for Gallaudet to go to Europe to learn how deaf
children were taught there. While in Europe he met Laurent Clerc, a graduate of the Institut Royal des Sourds–Muets in Paris. Clerc eventually came
back to United States ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gallaudet was founded in 1867 in Washington DC. The first superintendent of the school was Edward Gallaudet who is the youngest son of Thomas
Gallaudet. Eventually an elementary school and a middle school were founded on the Gallaudet campus in 1969 to provide early education to the deaf
community. The founding of Gallaudet and the American School for the Deaf has given Many new opportunities to the deaf community. The major
thing that founding these schools has done is created American Sign Language. The creation of American Sign Language has made it so that there is a
single uniform language for the deaf community across the the United States and Canada. The schools also have allowed people in the deaf community
to have access to the same opportunities as members of the hearing community have access to. The founding of the schools also has brought awareness
to the deaf community and deaf culture. A major deaf movement is the deaf president now movement. The deaf President now movement,The deaf
Prsident Now movement was pushing for the which was a movement that was pushing for Gallaudet University to have its first deaf president.
Eventually That lead to the the appointing of the first deaf president, Dr. I. King Jordan. Now the deaf president now movement represents to most of
the deaf community being

The Benefits Of Sign Language
Sounds are vibrations that travel through the air or another medium and can be heard when they reach a person's or animal's ear. Some people are
unable to hear these vibrations, they are either deaf or hard of hearing. Sign Language is the use of facial expressions, fingerspelling, and gestures that
represent whole phrases or words used to communicate with deaf or hard of hearing people used to communicate with deaf and hard of hearing
citizens (lifeprint). All schools should teach sign language as a foreign language.
Sign Language is the use of facial expressions, fingerspelling, and gestures that represent whole phrases or words used to communicate with deaf or
hard of hearing people used to communicate with deaf and hard of hearing citizens. While many languages are "dying off," American Sign Language is
growing in use every day, as of 1972, it's used by 250,000 to 500,000 people in the United States. Sign language is widely used to communicate with
infants. Studies show that learning Baby Sign Language has many developmental benefits including speaking earlier, having a larger vocabulary, a
+12 point IQ advantage over peers, as well as the ability to achieve better grades in school. Being bilingual is useful in many jobs and careers such as
social service agencies, mental health clinics, government institutions, hospitals and clinics, hearing and speech agencies, and in public and private
schools. Some believe that teaching sign language in schools is unnecessary

History And Perceptions Of American Sign Language Essay
History and Perceptions of American Sign Language
Sign language is one most common ways for deaf individuals to communicate without using of their voices. Different cultures and languages will
typically have their own version of sign language so signs are not always universal, just like gestures are not universal. Signs are culturally bound in
communication just like verbal languages and gestures are culturally bound. I will examine the history of American Sign Language, as well as how it
has been viewed culturally with positive and negative social implications in the U.S.
History of American Sign Language
In order to fully understand the creation of American Sign Language (ASL), it must be understood that it is a form of communication. That means
every sign has a meaning that is culturally bound just like languages in oral communication. That also means that the language has a distinctive
origin. In fact, ASL carries "several linguistic features that are similar to spoken languages" (Rosen, 2008) such as the presence of homonyms and
its constant evolution (Shaw & Delaporte, 2011). The unique concept about ASL, though, is that it actually has very strong ties and connections with
the French Sign Language, also known as LFS. This connection is explained by Delaporte & Shaw (2009) and Shaw & Delaporte (2011) as being
due to how ASL was formalized in the U.S. by Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet with the help of a deaf French professor named Laurent Clerc who used
LSF. Because "LFS

Deaf People In The 18th Century
Most people begin their morning with the sound of an alarm clock blaring next to their ear, they turn on the radio to hear the day's news report, or
hear the roar of the engine as they start their car, and go off to the rest of their day. However, there is another group of people that exist in complete
silence. Through modern education and training, the deaf community has learned to communicate effectively, but in the early part of the 18th
century, there was no way for deaf people to speak to anyone. This changed due in large part to one man. The pioneering work of Thomas Hopkins
Gallaudet the door to the silent world of deaf people in America was opened, thereby removing unfair barriers and therefore greatly improving their
quality of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When he reached England, he went directly to the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. Thomas was excited to learn all that the teachers and students knew
so could he implement their techniques in his work with the deaf in America. Thomas was greeted by disappointment when he reached theschool
because the family that owned the school made profit by teaching the deaf (Bowen 38) and were reluctant to share their ideas. After seeing the
frightened faces of the children in the school and being told he could not observe the classes, he decided that another school might be better, so he
sailed to France. He went to the Royal School for the Deaf and Dumb to learn all about sign language. He was welcomed author AbbГ© Sicard and
also by the deaf teacher, Laurent Clerc. After many long nights talking and learning from Clerc, Thomas was able to communicate the with people
deaf on a basic level. He spent the next year studying at the French school until he received a letter from Alice Cogswell telling him that she had been
continuing her studies, and wanted him to come home (Bowen 40). Thomas decided that it was time to go back to America. He invited Laurent Clerc
to join him and teach at the new school he planned to open when he got

Sign Language Research Paper
Around this same period in Europe, there were hearing people that began to be fascinated with the ability that Deaf people could communicate with
each other using their own home signs. With this same fascination in America lived a man named Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. He met a girl named
Alice Cogswell, who was Deaf and was able to teach her a few words. According to Gallaudet University's website it says that he not knowing sign
language, Thomas attempted to communicate with Alice by pointing to his hat and writing H–A–T in the dirt. She understood him and he was inspired
to teach her more (Gallaudet University). Thomas decided that to further his understanding of sign language, he would benefit by traveling to
Europe to learn from educators there about how to educate people who were Deaf. There he found a man named Abe Sicard who was the director
for the school for the Deaf in Paris. Another pupil who worked along side Sicard was Laurent Clerc. After some time acquiring French Sign Language,
Thomas was able to persuade Laurent to come with him to America to build a school for the Deaf. This school broke ground in Hartford, Connecticut.
Students who were Deaf, who previously used various forms of sign language, began attending the same school.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These students were now able to learn together by using a visual language apart from not only gestures. In a book called, "Forbidden Signs: American
Culture and the Campaign Against Sign Language" the author gives details about how the students new found culture and said that those from small
towns and the country side–met other deaf people for the first time and learned, also for the first time how to communicate beyond the level of
pantomime and gesture. (Baynton, 1996). This exciting change brought members of the Deaf community together and they began to be hopeful for a
bright futures in

ASL And The History Of Sign Language
ASL is a language using the hands and whole body that has been around since the mid–eighteenth century. It has been changed and developed into the
language it is today. Even before Sign Language was discovered, according to the book written by Douglas Baynton, who is a professor at the
University of Iowa, teaches American Sign Language, and has written numerous books on ASL and the history of SignLanguage, Forbidden Signs,
states "A common speculation throughout the nineteenth century was that humans had relied on some form of Sign Language before they had turned
to spoken language." Sign Language was discovered in France during the mid–eighteenth century and was created by deaf individuals. In 1771, L'Epee
founded the first institution for

Seeing Voices : A Journey Into The World Of The Deaf
The Book I decided to read is called "Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf". In this book the author Oliver Sacks basically focuses on
Deaf history and the community of the deaf developed toward linguistic self–sufficiency. Sacks is a Professor of Neurology at Albert Einstein College
of Medicine. He became interested in the problem of how deaf children acquire language after reviewing a book by Harlan Lane. The book was
titled "When the Mind Hears: A History of the Deaf". This book was first published in 1984 and was published again in 1989. Before reading
Harlan's book Sacks did not know any sign language. The book encouraged him to begin studying sign language. Sacks became extremely interested on
how the deaf learn to communicate with the ability of sound being nonexistent. He wanted to know what this process may tell us about the nature of
language. Seeing Voices is made up of three chapters, the history of the deaf, a discussion of language and the brain, and an evaluation of the problems
behind the student strike that occurred at Gallaudet University, in March of 1988.
By Sacks being a neurologist, he has always been interested in the ways in which humans recoup from the loss of a perceptual ability. Sacks is quite
enthusiastic about the unique expressive possibility of American Sign Language because of the use of visual space as the expressive mean. He is also
interested in what the study of the deaf may reveal about the human magnitude for language,

Thomas Galludet Research Paper
Thomas Galludet Thomas Galludet is one of if not the most recognizable name in American sign language communities. He is a huge part of Deaf
culture and education in America. Thomas Galludet has an interesting story about what led to this hearing man to become such a champion for the
Deaf community and why he is so well remembered today.
In 1814 when a young Thomas was visiting his family, he noticed a young girl with no friends. When he went to speak to her about why she wasn't
playing with anyone, he learned she was Deaf and had no way of communicating. Thomas taught her to spell an object he would point to, and she was
delighted. This made Thomas so happy, he decided he wanted to teach her and others more effectively. The young girl's parents financed a trip for
Thomas to travel to Europe since there were no Deaf schools in America. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The British school for Deaf would not teach him. So Thomas traveled to France to learn at the Royal Institution for Deaf. Here he met a wonderful
teacher named Laurent Clerc who taught him French sign language. Galludet was so impressed with his teacher, he asked if Clerc would come back
to America with him to open a Deaf school.
Galludet and Clerc opened America's first school for the Deaf. They both had successful careers teaching many Deaf children and adults. Galludet
eventually married one of his students and had eight children. One of his sons was Edward Galludet who became the first headmaster of America's
first ever college for the Deaf that was later named after his father; Galludet University in Washington D.C. Thomas Galludet made great strides for
Deaf education in America and will always be remembered for

Louis Laurent Research Paper
On December 26, 1785 Louis Laurent Marie Clerc was born to the parents of Joseph–Francois Clerc and Marie–Elisabeth Candy in Balme–les–Grottes,
France. Clerc was the third out of five children Joseph–Francois and Marie–Elisabeth had. Clerc's Family were well–known by the jobs the males had.
Since the 15th century the males in his family would serve the king. Laurent father was an attorney and was also a mayor of La Balme from 1780
to 1814. Louis Laurent grandfather, on his mother's side was a magistrate in another village (Gallaudet University) When Laurent was around one
years old, he fell out of his high chair and onto the kitchen fireplace. Laurent got burned and it left a major scare on his right cheek. From the
incident Clerc broke out with a bad fever, that is when they found out his smell and hearing senses were damage. It is still unknown if that accident
caused him to be deaf or if he was born deaf. The scare that he got from the burn was permanent and that is how he got his name sign–Take your index
and middle finger and put it in your right cheek, moving the fingers down toward the mouth (Gallaudet University)
Until Laurent Clerc was twelve years old, he never attended school, so he had no education and was also deaf. Clerc would spend his time in his village
in taking care of the animals. His uncles godfather Laurent Clerc which is whom ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gallaudet was a graduate from Yale College, where he received his Master of Arts degree. In 1814 he also graduated from Andover Theological as an
ordained Congregational minister. Gallaudet wanted to take a position to be a minister at a church, but had to reject the offer because his health was
not in good condition. He moved back in with his parents in Hartford, Connecticut. At this time he meet his parent's neighbor, Mason Fitch Cogswell.
Mason Cogswell is a well–known physician and a father to a nine year old girl name Alice. Alice became deaf when she was a two years old from
having meningitis (PBS,

Essay Laurent Clerc Pioneer Teacher
Laurent Clerc Pioneer Teacher
1785–1869
Laurent Clerc was born in LaBalme, France, on Dec. 26 1785. His father was Mayor of the town and the family could boast of a long line of
magistrates in the Clerc lineage. At the age of one, the infant fell from a kitchen chair by accident into a nearby fireplace. He was burned on one side
of his face and a fever left him totally deaf. He had uncle also named Laurent Clerc, who heard about the school for the deaf in Paris. When he was
twelve years old, his uncle brought him to Paris and took him in the Royal Institution for the Deaf. In 1816, his eight year as a teacher, an event
happened which changed the course of his life.
He met a young idealist from America, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At age 84, Laurent Clerc died on July 18, 1869.
History of Laurent Clerc
There are a lot of firsts that Laurent Clerc accomplished. He was the first deaf teacher in America, the first deaf person to appear before U.S.
Congress in Washington, D.C. to talk about establishing public schools for the deaf, and the first deaf person to get an honorary M.A. degree from
Trinity College.
Clerc was born to a prominent family in the village of LaBalme, France. His father was a notary by profession and a mayor of the village for 34
years. His mother was the daughter of another notary. Males in Clercs family held the office of Tubelion (a Royal Commissary) in that village for
over 300 years. Clercs family believes that he became deaf after falling from his highchair into the kitchen fire, but he might have been born deaf. His
right cheek was burned from the accident– hence the name sign of brushing two fingers across cheek.
Clerc lived through the French Revolution, witnessing Napoleons rise and fall. In fact, he lived in England for a while to escape from the turmoil.
Clerc had once been considered to help start a school for the deaf in Russia but was passed over because he was deaf. He agreed to coe to America for
only three years for three reasons: 1) to help organize a new school for the deaf; 2) to be the first experienced teacher; and 3) to teach others how to

teach deaf. However, he married one of his beautiful, dark–eyed, dark–haired, slender,

Chloe Ziff . Professor Gary Rosenblatt. April 13, 2017.
Chloe Ziff
Professor Gary Rosenblatt
April 13, 2017
American Sign Language II
Seeing Voices
By Oliver Sacks
Seeing Voices is a profound novel that was written by famous neurologist, Oliver Sacks in 1989. Seeing Voices is a book that delves into the history
of Sign Language and expresses a genuine meaning behind what language truly is. Oliver Sacks is an engaging and fascinating writer. Being able to
explore outside what he is used to, he can expand his knowledge about language. Being knowledgeable on psychiatry can help him get a better
understanding of cognitive ability in the deaf community and the importance of why keeping Sign Language away from Deaf children is not
beneficial for them in the hearing world. Like many of his books, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The language of the Deaf is usually consistent with the environment the language is being spoken in. For example, the signs that one can encounter in
British Sign Language can be different than signs that are seen in American Sign Language. Although Sign Language itself is very universal, the
specific patterns and methods of speaking that are associated with each kind of Deaf Community can be drastically different.
Sacks himself was not deaf, but it was an exciting experience for him to dive into a community he was not familiar with. The second part of the
book, Sacks goes into detail about the importance of Sign Language itself and discusses the situation in which he meets a young Deaf boy named
Joseph. When reading this book, I completely understood and agreed with Sacks when he stated that deaf children must learn a language at a young
age to be successful. With that being said, Oliver Saks researched American Sign Language, and as a result, he ultimately decided that the Critical
Period Hypothesis is extremely important when discussing the Deaf community. This theory states that there is a critical age at which people should
learn a language, or they will forever be unable to express themselves with little to no education in language. Sacks show that by keeping Sign
Language away from Deaf children is ultimately hurting them rather than helping. Forcing deaf children at a young age to speak and not use Sign
Language as their first language is

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet Start American Sign Language
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was a hearing minister that designed American Sign Language, which is the first language used by deaf and hearing
people in the United States and Canada. Two thousand hundred million people are using ASL, and at least five thousand hundred people are using it
as their most important way of communication. Throughout a period, Deaf people in America were already using sign language, in the early 1800's;
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet had become friends with a young Deaf girl named Alice. Gallaudet started to teach the girl a few words, and succeeded at
doing so. In 1815, Gallaudet went to Europe in search of methods of teaching the Deaf. He approached a number of program directors, the signs used
at the school for the deaf, and the signs began to develop into American Sign Language. American Sign Language in America also has... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Start American Sign Language signs the phrase "What's your name?" with the wh– question face expression with eyebrows down, this American Sign
Language class only has one meaning for this type of phrase, which is "What's your name?" But the ASL Life Print signs the phrase "You name?"
while using squinted eyebrows, and this sign can mean "You are named what?" or "You are called what?" ..... Which translated as "What is your
name?" Start American Sign Language will use glossing to give examples of how to use ASL grammar when signing. Glossing is not difficult to
understand, but it is necessary for a short lesson so some people will understand. For example, "MIKE LIKE RICE" Which is simple in Start
American Sign Language, In ASL Life print, it uses gloss as, YESTERDAY PRO
–1 INDEX–[at] WORK HAPPEN SOMEONE! MAN CL:
1–"walked_past_quickly" I NEVER SEE PRO–3 BEFORE. That sentence would generally mean: "Yesterday at work a stranger (some guy I've never
seen before) rushed past me." American Sign Language Life Print uses a bigger

Gallaudet's Accomplishments
Congratulations, you have just graduated from high school. This is the first time in your life where you have a chance to make life–altering decisions.
One can decide from going to college or going to work, going to a two–year university or taking some time off to travel. For many, the next step after
graduating high school would be going to college. What happened if one was deaf or hard of hearing and wanted to go to college and receive higher
education? Gallaudet University was a pioneering school that led to many changes not only within the deaf community but also in the United States as
a whole.
For those who were deaf in the United States during the 1800s, it was very difficult to get any education, and higher education was practically ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I had a change to contact a BSU representative through email and they answered a few questions. One of the things I wanted to know was about
the diversity at Gallaudet, not only race but in general. The response I got was explaining that Gallaudet is extremely open when it comes to the
LGBT community. When it comes to race there have been some instances in which the BSU representative believe that race played a role, but these
events are very minimal and should not discourage minority students from attending Gallaudet. One thing that they did note was that because this is
a majority deaf university, students come here because they want to be surrounded by other students like them, who are deaf. Something else that I
was interested in asking about was the nightlife. I got mixed reviews because again, I was emailing the BSU organization as a whole. Some
believed that they had good nightlife activities on campus, some students went off campus a lot more, but others did not like going off campus. The
reason some students' do not like going off campus is because it is hard for them to communicate with those who are hearing. The other thing I
wanted to know about was BSU in general. I was curious if Xavier's Black Student Association (BSA) was similar to Gallaudet's BSU. The simple
answer to that question is yes. Both BSA and BSU have similar program types, focusing on race and how minorities are

Sign Language In American Culture
TITLE The Deaf community have their own culture that often goes misunderstood by those who are not involved with it. A lot of hearing people
believe that the Deaf are sad to be deaf and that they are stupid and not capable of mundane tasks. American Sign Language is the language used by
the Deaf community in Canada and the United States; ASL is not a universal language. In 1814 Dr. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet wanted to teach his
neighbors daughter how to communicate because she was deaf. At the time, America didn't have a Deaf community or culture so he went to Europe to
learn deaf education; they already had a forming language. He studied the language in Europe and decided that he would return to the US to establish a
language there. In 1817, Gallaudet returned with Laurent Clerc, a teacher in Europe and founded the American School for the Deaf in Hartford,
Connecticut. As mentioned above, ASL is not an international language. Studies find it hard to receive information on how many people use sign as
their first language. The high end of the numbers... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because lipreading and writing are not the most effective use of communicating. Lipreading doesn't work well at all, hearing people can't even
do it well. Mouths don't move that much when we speak and the form of the mouth is similar for many words. Writing is also used but is too slow of
a form to hold a good conversation. Tactile signing, TTY's and other technology are used to communicate other than sign. Tactile is used mostly for
deaf–blind, it is like signing but on the back or hand so they can feel the signs too. TTY is like a phone but for the deaf, words come across the
screen so they can read and type back to respond. TTY's are not used as much today because texting has become a popular form of communication in
all communities. Sign is the most used form of communicating amoungst the Deaf, but TTY's and tactile sign are just as

Thomas Gallaudet Social Reform Movement
Following the eighteenth century, an idealistic social reform movement swept the Northeastern United States. This idealistic movement known as
"Romantic reform" in the United States tracked its influences to the religious motivation, which at that time was politically and socially conservative."
(Thomas) Additionally, "The Second Great Awakening," Evangelical conservative religious movement with beginnings within theUnited States as the
former colonies "strengthen Christian character and try to save this country from infidelity and ruin, by "irreligious democrats." (Thomas) Throughout
the first few decades of the nineteenth century the reform movement were arranged and driven by the wealthy and middle–class Protestants, whose
priority was moral reconstruction and redemption of the less prosperous. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet proved to be one of those social reformers
during this era, as he devoted his adult life to the salvation of "Deaf" people by means of education. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was there in Hartford, Connecticut that Gallaudet would open the first American School for the deaf. This school would be the first of its kind
in North America. (biography Thomas Gallaudet). The school would begin with only a few students, one of which would be Alice Cogswell. This
school began in an asylum and was first known as "The Connecticut Asylum for the education and Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb Persons later
to be renamed "The American School for the Deaf" was originally started as a private school, however as time has progressed many have been in
attendance. Gallaudet was the primary principle from 1817 when it opened until he resigned in 1830, the resignation was to work vigorously on
writing children's books. Among such books are "Bible Stories for the Young", "Child's book of the Soul", along with six volumes of "Annals of the
Deaf and

How the Deaf Communicate in a Hearing World Essay
Imagine what life would be like with the inability to hear. Try to envision watching television without sound or watching an inaudible movie. There
is a silence that has way of making the busiest scenes seem still. Now try to imagine a lively area filled with lots of laughter, roaring music, and a
handful of birds chirping away. That imagery paints a scene of the plain difference between a hearing world and a deaf one. One world is capable of
hearing and the other involves no incoming source of sound whatsoever. Understanding how deaf culture and how the hard of hearing work and live is
important in order to comprehend the reasons behind why they do the certain things they do such as stare at others for a long period of time or the reason
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They did not know how to react to the deaf that is until Plato, a Greek philosopher, wrote on the account of sign language in Ancient Greece which
then resulted in a spark in the interests of other philosophers, writers, and artists (Mirzoeff). On the other hand, Aristotle, another Greek philosopher,
who has been known as one who first recorded a claim about the deaf, theorized that people were only able to learn languages if the spoken language
was heard implying that deaf people were unable to learn effectively or at all and may as well be uneducated (Jay). It is important to know and realize
that the cause of deafness was not just because of genetics, but because of diseases which then resulted in the side effect of hearing loss (Mirzoeff).
Meningitis, measles, or mumps were common diseases that would cause the loss of hearing back in the early modern period (Mirzoeff).
In past times, an issue that occurred most often was how to respond to the deaf in terms of education. They most certainly were not able to hear which
meant that they also would not be able to speak clearly or at all; many questioned how they would be able to comprehend others or communicate with
them in that kind of setting. There were little to no schools that educated deaf children until Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, a man with great intellect,
decided that what he wanted do in life was to contribute to the deaf world ("Thomas H. Gallaudet"). Gallaudet, founder of Gallaudet

Essay on Laurent Clerc
Perhaps one of the most notable and widely known members in Deaf society is Laurent Clerc, who was a teacher for the deaf. Born on December 26,
1785 in La Balme–les–Grottes, in southeastern France to hearing parents, it is unknown for sure whether Clerc was born deaf or was deafened later
on in life. It is believed that Clerc became deaf at the age of one when he had fallen from his high chair into a fire, badly burning his cheek. He
developed a fever from the burn, and was later found out to have lost his sense of smell and hearing. As far as it is known, Clerc was non–speaking and
relied on pen and paper to those who could not communicate using sign language. For the first eleven years of his life, Clerc was not sent to school. At
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, during the 52–day journey he made it a point to master the use of the English language. This knowledge paired with the use of French Sign
Language contributed greatly to evolution of American sign language. Together, Clerc and Gallaudet founded the first deaf school in the United States,
what is now known as the American School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. The school opened on April 15, 1817 with Gallaudet serving as the
principal and Clerc as the head teacher. Aside from teaching the students, Clerc was responsible to training the future teachers and administrators of the
School. He was sent to other schools throughout the United States to continue to teach his methods to both students and prospective teachers, and his
influence on teaching the deaf spread widely throughout the United States. Though Laurent Clerc had originally planned of staying the United States
for only three years and then returning to his native France, Clerc married a former student of his and decided to settle in the states. He did,
however, return to his homeland to visit. After 50 years of teaching for the deaf, Clerc retired from teaching in 1858. He died at the age of 84 on July
18, 1869. The legacy of Laurent Clerc is long withstanding. As the first teacher for deaf individuals, he pioneered a system of teaching the deaf that
carries on today. Without him, the American School for the Deaf may not have come to fruition. By offering classes in sign

Laurent Clerc's Deaf School
Laurent Clerc was born on December 26, 1785. It is believed that Clerc became deaf by falling off of his high chair into the kitchen fireplace
around age one. He had gotten a severe burn on his right cheek, and a fever developed, and later on his hearing and smelling senses were damaged. It
was never quite clear whether he was born deaf, or if it had been a cause of his accident. Clerc's parents had tried many different treatments to get
Clercs hearing back, although none of them succeeded.
Clerc did not go to school and didn't learn to read or write. For 11 years Clerc stayed at home instead of going to school. While at home Clerc spent
his time either exploring the village, or taking care of the animals, such as; cows, turkeys, and horses. Eventually, at age 12 Clercs uncle–godfather,
Laurent Clerc, who he was named after, entered him into the Institut National des Jeune Sourds–Muets, which was the first public school for the deaf
in the world. In school, Clerc's assistant teacher, Abbe Margaron, tried to teach Clerc to pronounce his words, which Clerc had a difficult time with
this, at one point his difficulty in pronouncing words enraged Abbe so much that he hit Clerc So hard underneath his chin, which caused Clerc to
accidentally bite his tongue so hard, he decided he wanted nothing to do with speaking, and would never again learn to speak. Because of this
experience, it later caused Clerc to make his belief that signing is the greatest procedure for deaf

Characters In The Book : The Story Of Laurent Clerc
The story of Laurent Clerc starts with him at the age of six in his home village of La Balme, and recounts Laurent's first visit to the doctor in Lyon,
and the "medicine" he gave Clerc to try and cure him of deafness. However, all the remedies failed, and his mother was told that Clerc would never be
quite right. The book then fast forwards to when Clerc was twelve–years–old, and is sent to his first school in Paris. He is taken to the national school
of the deaf by his uncle, and is introduced to many students and his teacher, Jean Massieu. It is here that he sees signs for the first time, and learns
about what his difficulty is. Clerc proves to be a bright student, and is allowed to join the speech class where he tries to learn how to speak.
However, he quits his speech class well into his second year due to the cruelty of the speech instructor. During this time he also learned that you
should not expect a deaf person to learn a language they cannot hear. It is while he is at school that he meets two of his closest friends, Pierrot Janty
and Claude Walton.
Throughout the novel we learn about Laurent Clerc's life, and what it is like to go to St. Jacques. Along the way, the school's director returns from
exile, a young boy who can hear but cannot speak comes to the school, and Pierrot is dismissed from the school due to his age. Clerc then graduates,
and is asked to be a part of the teaching staff at St. Jacques. He works at the school for about ten years, but by around

Thomas Gallaudet Research Paper
In 1817, a man named Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, was a graduate from Yale University and lived in Hartford Conneticut. He met Alice, the
daughter of his neighbor, Mason Cogswell, a well known doctor of the area. He found out that Alice was deaf and decided to teach her on how to read
and write some basic things. He did really good in helping her and was encouraged by Cogswell to establish a school made for deaf people to learn on
how to communicate. With enough help and funds, Cogswell and some others were able to send Gallaudet out to Great Britain where there he can the
ways of deaf communication. When he got there he first was going to learn about an "oral method" of instruction at the Braidwood Schools in Scotland.
This method was strongly

Louis Laurent Marie Clerc: The First Well-Taught Sign...
Louis Laurent Marie Clerc was the first well–taught Sign Language teacher in America, but he was French. He was born on December 26, 1785 in La
Balme–les–Grottes, France. He was born hearing, but was left on a chair when he was only a year old and fell into a fire. He was left deaf and
unable to smell, with a scar on the right side of his face that he later used to sign his name. When he was seven years old his mother took him to see a
physician in the nearby town of Lyons to treat his deafness. After two weeks and many painful shots and injections, it proved ineffective. He had never
gone to school, nor learned to read or write so his family had adapted their own sort of sign language so that he could express himself.
In 1797 Laurent was twelve years old and his uncle enrolled him in Instit National de Jeune Sourds–Mirets in Paris, and was accepted. He was
officially going to the first school for the deaf, and he was excelling in it. His first teacher at the school, Jean Massieu, was twenty–five and was also
deaf. They soon grew close, and were lifelong friends. After Laurent graduated, the school asked him to stay to be an assistant teacher. He was a good
teacher, and eventually taught their highest class. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was later invited, while still in London, to attend the Royal Institution for the Deaf in Paris, France for three months. Laurent was working at the
school when Thomas accepted, and became his teacher. They worked well together, but Thomas had to go back to America soon. He asked Laurent to
join him and he did, but they agreed that Laurent would only be staying for a short

Milan 1880 Deaf Education
Deaf education in the United States has a long history going back a couple centuries. One event that happened in about 1880 turned many people
against sign language in education. Milan 1880 was like no other event. In the history of deaf education Milan 1880 had a major impact on the lives
and education of deaf people. This event alone almost destroyed sign language. In 1880 there was an international conference of deaf educators. There
were 164 members (142 of which were either British or Italian) representing eight different countries and were champions of both oral and manual
methods. On one side was Alexander Graham Bell and his colleagues from around Europe supporting the oral methods and on the other side was
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inspired by that resolution, the use of sign language was removed by fellow oralism–supporting educators from many programs for the deaf around the
world. And, so for over a hundred years, up to until recently, educators from many different countries would continue to gather every five years and
deliberate about the state of deaf education, seemingly unimpeded by the shadow of Milan's controversial legacy. Those educators were mostly
supporters of the oral method, until now. In today's society sign in school has improved. Around 300 sign languages are in use around the world today.
People are learning that sign language is a regular language such as Spanish or French. And that it should be taught in school to help benefit deaf and
hearing people communicate better. Sign language is broken into three different areas. Deaf sign languages, which are the preferred languages of Deaf
communities around the world. This include village sign languages, shared with the hearing community, and Deaf–community sign languages.
Auxiliary sign languages, which are not

Deaf Culture
Is deafness a disability or a type of ethnicity? The disabilities act of 1990 defines "disability" as anything that may be a physical or mental
impairment. Many people do not see deafness as an ethnicity because of this. However, Deaf people have created their own language, values,
customs, history, and social behaviors. For these reasons, the Deaf have established their own culture. The influence of being a culture has changed
the meaning of "Deaf" for Deaf people. "Deaf" refers to a person who is a part of the culture, while "deaf" refers to a person's ability to hear.
American Sign Language or "ASL," is a language developed by the Deaf that uses different hand movements, gestures and facial expressions for
communication. It originated from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, while communicating with a Deaf person, you are expected to keep a constant gaze on the person signing to you or speaking to you.
Looking away without saying why when a person signs is considered very rude. Before leaving a room, a Deaf person tells other Deaf people where
they are going. They do this because Deaf people cannot simply yell into the bathroom to get another's attention. The socially acceptable way to get a
deaf person's attention include, tapping their shoulder, waving, and turning off and on lights. Facial expressions are very important in Deaf culture,
because you cannot see emotion normally when someone signs. To a hearing person, facial expressions used by a deaf person commonly seems over
exaggerated to the point it is laughable. This is because facial expression is not integrated into hearing culture.
A common theme in deaf culture is that deaf people will be very "close" and "blunt". This is because Deaf people are united in the fact that they
cannot hear, because the deaf are a minority in comparison to the hearing majority. In comparison to the hearing, Deaf people may seem rude
because they are straight to the point, while hearing people typically "walk around" a topic to lighten it up. Deaf people are direct and blunt because
their language is based on body language and facial expression, and are able to read it

Benefits Of American Sign Language
American Sign Language also known as ASL is the use of hands, facial expression, and non–manual markers. ASL is the main language for people who
are deaf or hard of hearing. ASL gives them a way to communicate with the world that is hearing. I propose that teaching children who have Autism
Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can have a beneficial advantage to producing language, creating opportunities for social interaction, and giving a starting
point to learn English both as a written language, and spoken. Examining closely the history, importance of language, and how ASL can be applied
towards TR. The history of ASL starts back in 1814 when Dr. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet saw how smart a neighbor's daughter, who was deaf, and
could not communicate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the bigger aspects that happens in schools is the use of standardized tests and scores. The missing element in the scores and tests for children
with disabilities is the use of correct of accommodations. In an article written by Cawthon and Leppo there is a section that states "accommodations
on student scores are available for students with disabilities as a whole as well as in disaggregated form, by type of accommodation" (Cawthon,
Leppo, 2013). This is saying that having the correct accommodations could assist in doing better in standardized tests which will then place children in
correct grade placement. Written English is harder to understand for those with ASD and other disabilities. By giving ASD children a base of ASL as
an infant and continued on through their schooling years can provide even more accommodations. The only question that remains is how does
Therapeutic Recreation (TR) play into all of

How Did Alexander Bell Influence Deaf History?
In this report, I'm going to hypothesize what Deaf history and modern day would be like had the two most influential people, Alexander Graham
Bell, and Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet were never born. They influenced a handful of people directly which influenced the community greatly over the
years, a trickle effect. They also produced some important things that have impacted both the hearing and Deaf world. First I will look at Alexander
Graham Bell and how he has influenced history. Alexander Bell was born in Scotland and moved to Canada by his parents' wishes. His entire family
was obsessed with good speech and their "interest in using the human voice to communicate clearly" (Alexander Graham Bell). His mother was a
skilled musician and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Bellis). But, because Antonio did not renew his caveat, when Alexander produced a similar model of the telephone, Meucci's model was dismissed
and Alexander's model was granted fourteen patents. Had Alexander Bell not been born, his methods of teaching "deaf–mutes" how to speak. This
method was called "Visible Speech" (Alexander Graham Bell pg. 6). His father came up with the method years before Alexander taught it, with much
research and time dedicated into it. It took him about fourteen years to come up with this alphabet and method. This method was made out of an
alphabet system which showed how the mouth, throat, tongue, and teeth were to be positioned to make a certain sound in the form of images as
letters. In Summary, had Alexander Graham Bell never been born, his method of "Visible Speech" would have remained a family method and never
been so successful in many deaf institutions, teaching deaf people how to speak. Also, had he not been born, Antonio Meucci would have been his
successor at inventing the telephone. And lastly, had Alexander Graham Bell not been born, the famous Hellen Keller would remain without
communication and cease to be the icon she is known for

Through Deaf Eyes Movie Essay
Through Deaf Eyes "To be deaf is to be a part of a tiny minority in a hearing world, but it is far from the uniform and tragic experience that most
hearing people imagine". After watching the film "Through the Deaf Eyes" I learned several things about the deaf culture, community, and history.
Some interesting facts that I picked up where that over 90% of deaf people have hearing parents, and a majority of deaf parents have hearing children.
Quoted by an individual in a film "Deafness doesn't make me happy or sad. It's just like being a man instead of a women." it's just something you have
to deal with.
A quick timeline of what I learned about the deaf history would be in the early 1800's deaf people lived in rural areas. Protestants revival swept
through America in 19th century, the deaf people were prevented from hearing the word of God. In 1817 Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet wanted to bring
the Gospel to Deaf people. A quick reference he opened first deaf school in Hartford Connecticut, and Laurent Clarc a French teacher at Gallaudet
brought the language to America and helped open new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Immigrants had their own ethnic communities, schools, newspapers, churches, and so did Deaf people, so Americans saw Deaf people as outcasts
just like immigrants. During the film I had a couple of recaps on my previous knowledge about the deaf community. A Lot of people mistakenly
thought that since deaf individuals can't hear that they can't read or they are disabled mentally to the point where they can't comprehend basic
concepts, Being deaf is not a handicap and I wish more people understood, They live their lives like any other human being. An interesting fact that I
picked up from the film was that deaf parents usually tend to have normal hearing children, it surprised me that Alex Bell was concerned that deafness
would be passed down in generations, he wanted deaf people to be cured, not marry. And be kept

Edmund Booth: Deaf Pioneer Essay
Edmund Booth: Deaf Pioneer
Edmund Booth was born on a farm near Springfield, Massachusetts in 1810. Some of the
"hats" he wore during his lifetime were farmer, teacher, activist for the deaf, pioneer settler, 49er,
journalist, and politician.
The consistent theme in Booth's life, one to which he always returned, was his commitment to the
deaf: working for the rights of all deaf people in this country, including education of deaf children.
Booth's interest in deaf issues was very personal since he himself had lost all of his hearing by the
time he was eight years old, he was struck down during an outbreak of "spotted fever"
(cerebrospinal meningitis). After he recovered, he discovered he was partially deaf ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At age 29, he wanted a more
active life and to earn more money. To reach Iowa, it was necessary to travel by railroad,
stagecoach, canal, and lake steamer. He reached eastern Iowa and settled at Anamosa, " a
wilderness with a few widely scattered log cabins ..." Outnumbering the small population were
Indians, deer, wolves, rattlesnakes, etc. It was truly the frontier.

Booth worked at whatever came his way and seemed to make a "fair living." He built mills, dams,
and houses. He also tried farming with apparent success. The rest of the Booth family soon
joined him, and Edmund helped build the first "comfortable house, frame–style" in Jones County.
Booth married Mary Ann Walworth in 1840. She had been his student at Hartford and was
already living in Iowa with her family when Booth arrived. It seems that his desire to see her
again was one of the reasons for his immigration.
Booth's career as politician included three terms as Recorder of Deeds in Jones County and a year
as Enrollment Clerk to the Iowa House of Representatives.
Iowa became a state in 1848. Booth convinced the state legislature to send its deaf children to
the Illinois School for the Deaf. He was a driving force behind the founding of the Iowa School
for the Deaf at Council Bluffs (1855).
Gold was discovered in California in 1848. The next year Booth left Mary Ann and their three
children to travel to the gold fields.

The Development of American Sign Language Essay
The development of American Sign Language in the United States dates back to as early as the 1600s. On Martha's Vineyard there was a relatively
large Deaf population due to genetics and heredity. This was thought to trace back to the first people of the land, who traveled from Massachusetts
and carried this genetic deafness with them. Because there were so many people that were deaf living there, it was extremely common for all people,
deaf and hearing, to learn their own version of sign language. This early form of sign language was known as Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
(MVSL) (Lapiak, 1996–2014). Little did the creators of Martha's Vineyard Sign Language know, MVSL would be incorporated into the first school for
deaf students... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The time came that Gallaudet had to come back to the United States, but he had not felt that he had learned enough sign language to bring this method
of communication back to the American people. Laurent Clerc agreed to come on the journey back to the United States with him, teaching him more
sign language along the way as Gallaudet taught him English. When they arrived in the United States, the two were able to put together the American
School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut in 1817 ("Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet," 2013). This school educated students from surrounding areas that
included Martha's Vineyard. The students from the Vineyard were able to bring with them their land's created version of sign language and intertwine
it with their new schooling (Lapiak, 1996–2014). This was only the beginning of education and schools for deaf students. Later in the 1800s, one of
Thomas Gallaudet's sons, Edward Miner Gallaudet, had a strong desire to begin another school for deaf students. He chose Washington, D.C. as the
location for Gallaudet College, the first national college that was created specifically for the needs of deaf students. In 1864, Edward Miner Gallaudet
solicited President Abraham Lincoln to sign the charter allowing for the establishment of this college. The student enrollment was very small at first,
but over time enrollment grew and eventually the college was able to gain the title of

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
"All of the Children of silence must be taught to sing their own song." This is one of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet's most famous quotes. Gallaudet
lived a very normal childhood and had a very eventful adult life. Gallaudet was a very intelligent child, which led him be granted admission to Yale
University at the age of 14. After completing college, he met a young girl named Alice Cogswell. It was Alice that ultimately helped him change the
lives of all deaf and dumb people for years to come, by starting the first school especially for them. Gallaudet had many health problems during his life,
though it never slowed him down. He suffered from nightmares, "nervous attacks", self–inadequacy, and lung problems along his journey for equality
of all... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He realized that his younger siblings would not play with her because she was "different". Gallaudet wanted to communicate with her. He wrote
the word "hat" in the dirt, in hopes she would understand, and she did. He was determined to find a better way to communicate with her because
writing in the dirt was not most efficient. He met with Alice's father, Dr. Mason Cogswell, who offered to pay Gallaudet's travel expenses to
Europe in hope that he could learn a way to communicate with Alice while he was there. While in Europe, he first lived with the Braidwood family,
who owned several deaf schools. Their style of teaching was known as the oral way. The oral way of teaching is to teach the deaf students to speak
and read lips, but Gallaudet did not like that style. He then met Abbe Sicard, who was the director of The Institute Royal Des Sourds–Mutes in Paris,
France. He signed up to attend this school and found he loved their way of teaching, which was the way of sign language. Unfortunately, after a year,
he realized he did not have enough money to attend any longer. He asked one of the students, Laurent Clerc, to join him on the journey back to the
United States, and Clerc agreed. Over time, Clerc taught Gallaudet, further, how to sign, and Gallaudet taught Clerc, further, how to speak English. In
April of 1817, the first school for the deaf was opened by Gallaudet and

Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet: Deaf Education Reform
Deaf Education Reformation
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, an American minister and education reformer, played a very important role in the education of the deaf in the United
States. When Thomas Gallaudet was only fifteen years old, he attended Yale College where he graduated at the top of his class before his eighteenth
birthday. In the year 1814, he visited his family in Hartford, Connecticut. While there, he noticed young Alice Cogswell not playing with any of the
children around her. He decided to find out why she was alone. When he met Alice, he discovered she was deaf. Gallaudet, taking an interest in the
little girl, decided to try to communicate with her because he did not know any sign language. He pointed at his hat, and then he spelled

The Apostle Of The Deaf Essay
Louis Laurent Marie Clerc or commonly known as the "Apostle of the Deaf in America", was born December 26, 1785 in La Balme –les–Grottes,
France. Mr. Clerc was born in a village in the south–eastern side of France; he came from a well off middle class family that would have been
considered bourgeois for his time. His father was Joseph Francis Clerc a civil attorney for the royal family and his mother was Marie Elizabeth Candy
whose father was a notary public. Her father as well as being an attorney also served as major of their Balme–les– Grottes village from 1780 to 1814[1].
Laurent Clerc was born with the ability to hear, but around the age of one, Laurent was left unattended for a few moments and manage to climb on
top of a chair and fall onto the kitchen fireplace, badly injuring the right side of this face. After this incident Clerc developed a fever and lost his
hearing and sense of smell [2]. He developed a scar underneath his right ear, this interestingly enough helped create his name sign according to author
Loida Canlas, "His name–sign derives from the scar that remained – the middle and index fingers brushed downward across the right cheek near the
mouth" (Canlas) [1] ; it is believed that Laurent Clerc name sign is one of the most iconic and recognizable name sign in American deaf culture. It is
speculated and was argued by Clerc himself, that he might have been born deaf, but that it was only discovered after the accident and attributed to it
[1]. When Clerc

Laurent Clerc Research Paper
Born on December 26th, 1785 in the small village of La–Balmes–les–Grottes, France, (a village on the northeastern edge of Lyon) Laurent Clerc was
born the only child to the Clerc family. The name of his parents were Joseph–Francois Clerc and Marie–Elizabeth Candy. Joseph was the Royal Civil
Attorney and Justice of the Peace and his mother, Marie, was the magistrate of another town. His father was also mayor of their village from
1780–1814. Although, soon they'd come to realize their young boy wasn't your average infant. It is unclear whether Laurent was born deaf or if it was
caused from an accident he had as a child. This newfound family had now begun with some altercations, but none these loving parents wouldn't
overcome. They kept Laurent safe and sound and as he grew, they would find ways to communicate with him through "home sign."... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was so dedicated that he was even assigned to the highest class. Later, he sailed off with Thomas Gallaudet (a former student of his) to finalize
a school for the Deaf in America. They finally accomplished this when they created the School for the Deaf in Hartford, Connecticut. His
incredible ability to teach and relate to the students did not go unnoticed. Even today he is still known as a renowned "master teacher." His love
for teaching made him stay in America longer than he desired. He never did return to his family in France. Sadly, after a full life, Louis Laurent
Marie Clerc, passed away on July 18th, 1869 at the age of 83 years old. His wife and him were buried at the Spring Grove Cemetery in Hartford,
Connecticut. Him and his wife's gravestones were actually vandalized and damaged, but a man named, Alan Barwiolek along with the "Laurent Clerc
Cultural Fund," made sure their headstones were returned to their former glory and respect. I think it's safe to say that teaching was his life force, he
died 10 years after

Sign Language : The Father Of The Sign Language
What is interpreting sign language exactly? And how did it come about? A sign language interpreter is someone who is fluent in translating between
a signed and spoken language. For people who are born able to hear, we speak right? But what about the people who were not born able to hear?
People who are born deaf sign to one another or to the people they are trying to communicate with. If a person who is deaf is trying to communicate
with someone who can hear but does not understand sign language, this is where the sign language interpreter would come in handy. The person who
is not able to sign or understand sign language, and the person who is not of hearing, are now able to communicate with each other through the
interpreter. The interpreter is someone who can both hear and understand sign language so they can help people of hearing communicate with those
who are not hearing and help those who are not of hearing communicate with those who are. According to 'Beyond Words' in the interpreting section,
interpreting came about in 1620 when a Spanish priest named Juan Pablo Bonet proposed an idea to find a way to start teaching deaf children how to
communicate through manual signs. Then around the year of 1755, Abbe Charles–Michel de I' Epee founded the first ever school for the Deaf in
Paris, France. After creating and starting the school for the Deaf, I' Epee was named "The Father of the Deaf". I' Epee created this first school for the
Deaf by walking the streets of

Deaf Culture Research Paper
History of deaf culture
Timeline representing how far the deaf community has come.
384–322 B.C– In ancient greece the deaf are not allowed to have an education because they thought the deaf could not learn due to them not being able
to hear. "Deaf people could not be educated since without hearing, people could not learn."– Aristotle A.D. 345–550– Christians think that deafness is a
sign that their god is angry at them while few other religious groups for example monks put in effort to try and understand and find ways to
communicate with the deaf.
1500s– A man in padua italy teaches his deaf son using code and a monk is the first to teach speech to someone starting at birth.
1620– Juan Pablo Bonet writes one of the first book with alphabetical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They start to use a system similar to our modern asl and fingerspelling.
1760– In Spain, Germany, France, Holland and England teachers find different and unique ways to communicate with deaf students. For example the
"german method" where they have the person feel their throat as they speak as a way to determine what they are saying.
1788– First deaf dictionary published.
1817– Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet showed interested in deaf culture and later ends up meeting the author of the book "the theory of signs". The
successor of L'Eppe sends two people to found the american school for the deaf in connecticut.
1820– Pennsylvania School for the Deaf is founded.
1823–First school for the deaf actually approved by the state opens in Kentucky.
1837– First catholic school for the deaf opens (st. Louis, missouri)
1839– Virginia school for deaf and blind was opened (the first school to have both deaf and blind students)
1847– AAOTD is the first to suggest higher education for the deaf
1850s– it is proposed that there should be an area made to be a state for the deaf so that the inhabitants to be less constrained by the norms of the hearing

I Am A Future Speech Language Pathologist
While on my path to be a future Speech Language Pathologist, I cannot in good conscience continue without having a decent knowledge of basic
conversational American Sign Language (ASL). Before I chose this career my parents took the time to educate me in the ABCs and simple signs,
I have continued to learn more as time has gone on. Even with my limited knowledge it has already helped me greatly through out my professional
career. However ASL is not always beneficial, primarily with those who are born deaf or hard of hearing. Do you have a favorite book, from any age?
Or do you feel a love and passion for writing? Are you good at writing, have you always been? Children who are born deaf or hard of hearing are
typically taught to utilize American Sign Language as their primary means of communication. The biggest struggle that deaf or hard of hearing children
face is making the transition to text–based literacy, this conflict lies not only in their first language syntactical hindrance but also in the struggle one
deals with to make the connections required for such development. While Sign Language gives them a way to verbally communicate, it also places
them at a disadvantage for the American English written word. This disadvantage is typically linked back to the fact that since American Sign
Language stems from French Sign Language (LSF), and has a similar syntax to the French language. As well as according to Delaporte and Shaw
(2011) linguists and anthropologists have long

Summary : ' American Sign Language '
Harmony Kelly
Mrs. Barbara Carr
American Sign Language 1
20 October 2015
Alice Cogswell What would you do if you were Deaf and living in America during the early 1800's and before? Think of how hard it would be to
learn when the teachers in the classroom would talk out loud and you couldn't hear what they were saying. It was very difficult for Deaf students who
lived before the 1800's to get any education. Rich people would send their children across the ocean to Europe where they could attend the Braidwood
Academy in Great Britain among other great schools for the Deaf. The many who couldn't afford it just had to live in silence looking on from the
outside. One of the problems besides having trouble getting an education, was that many people misunderstood Deafness. Many people believed that
because Deaf people couldn't hear and usually couldn't speak, that they also couldn't think intelligently or reason. Some believed that Deafness was a
curse for bad behavior. One young Deaf girl by the name of Alice Cogswell helped to change that thwarted thinking. She motivated and inspired
Thomas Gallaudet to study education for Deaf people and then later open the 1st school for the Deaf in America.
In Hartford Connecticut on August 31 1805, Alice Cogswell was born. She was a bright little girl and very intelligent. When she was two years old,
she had a severe bout of "spotted fever" which is thought to have been a form of meningitis. Because of that illness, Alice lost her hearing

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