TIMSS and PISA are international assessments that evaluate student achievement in mathematics, science, and reading. TIMSS focuses on mathematics and science achievement every 4 years and collects data from pupils, schools, and teachers. PISA assesses scientific, mathematical and reading literacy every 3 years and collects additional data on pupils and schools. Both studies provide insights to help countries improve education policies and compare performance internationally. Participating in these studies benefits Malaysia by showing their commitment to research that advances education globally and allows them to learn from higher performing countries.