Ulysses Peoria Joyce Society

1. Ulysses: “Aeolus”
James Joyce

2. “Before Nelson’s pillar trams slowed, shunted,
changed trolley…” (7.3)
• The area around the pillar in Sackville (now O’Connell) Street
functioned as the central terminal and departure point for most of
Dublin’s trams.

3. “Blackrock, Kingstown and Dalkey” (7.4)
• Suburban communities on Dublin Bay southeast of Dublin five, six,
and eight miles, respectively.

4. “Clonskea, Rathgar and Terenure, Palmerston
Park and upper Rathmines” (7.4-5)
• All in the inland area south of central Dublin (two to two and a half
miles from Nelson’s Pillar).

5. “Sandymount Green, Rathmines, Ringsend and
Sandymount Tower” (7.5-6)
• Ringsend is on the south bank of the Liffey at its mouth,
Sandymount Green is in Sandymount less than a mile to the south,
and the tower is one-half mile south-southeast of the green.

6. “Under the porch of the general post office
shoeblacks called and polished” (7.15-16)
• Fronts on Sackville (now O’Connell) Street between Henry Street
and Prince’s Street North.

7. “I’ll take it round to the Telegraph office” (7.26-27)
• The offices of the Evening Telegraph were in the same large
rambling building as the offices of the Freeman’s Journal and
National Press.

8. “Davy Stephens, minute in a large capecoat, a small felt hat
crowning his ringlets, passed out with a roll of papers under
his cape, a king’s courier” (7.28-30)
• A conspicuous Dublin character who styled himself the “prince of the
news vendors”.
• He kept a newsstand at Kingstown (now Dun Laoghaire)

9. “WILLIAM BRAYDEN, ESQUIRE, OF OAKLANDS,
SANDYMOUNT” (7.38-39)
• William Henry Brayden (1865-1933), an Irish barrister and editor of
the Freeman’s Journal.

10. “Mario the tenor” (7.53)
• Giovanni Matteo Mario, cavaliere de Candia (1810-83). An Italian
tenor.

11. “Through a lane of clanking drums he made his
way towards Nannetti’s reading closet” (7.74-75)
• Joseph Patrick Nannetti (1851-1915), the Irish-Italian master printer
and politician. (Pictured on the right.)

12. “Queen Anne is dead” (7.90)
• Queen Anne (1665-1714; queen of Great Britain and Ireland 1702-
14).

13. “M.A.P.” (7.97)
• M(ainly) A(bout) P(eople), a penny weekly published every
Wednesday.

14. “Two crossed keys here. A circle.” (7.142)
• The emblem of the House of Keys

15. “He stayed in his walk to watch a typesetter neatly
distributing type. Reads it backwards first. Quickly he
does it. Must require practice that.” (7.204-06)
• The Linotype typesetting machine.

16. “Then the twelve brothers, Jacob’s sons.” (7.210)
• Bloom associates Jacob’s twelve sons with the twelve tribes of
Israel.

17. “Citronlemon? Ah, the soap I put there.” (7.226-27)
• The odor associates the soap with the citron (Ethrog) central in the
ritual of the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles.

18. “ERIN, GREEN GEM OF THE SILVER SEA”
(7.236)
• From Thomas Moore’s (1779-1852) “Let Erin Remember the Days
of Old”

19. “A recently discovered fragment of Cicero” (7.270)
• Roman orator and statesman (106-43 B.C.)

20. “Their wigs to show the grey matter. Brains on
their sleeve like the statue in Glasnevin” (7.305-6)
• Barristers wear wigs as emblems of their intelligence the way the
statue Bloom noticed in the cemetery wore a heart as a symbol of
devotion.

21. “Myles Crawford began on the Independent.”
(7.308)
• The Irish Daily Independent, a Dublin newspaper founded by Parnell
after his fall, though it did not begin to be published (18 December
1891) until over two months after Parnell’s death.

22. “Daughter engaged to that chap in the inland
revenue office with the motor.” (7.341)
• Automobiles were not numerous enough to require registration and
license numbers in Ireland before 1903, and in 1904 automobiles
were still something of an event in Dublin’s streets.

23. “And here comes the sham squire himself!” (7.348)
• Francis Higgins (1746-1802), so called because, though he was an
attorney’s clerk in Dublin, he married a respectable young woman by
palming himself off as a country gentleman.

24. “O, HARP EOLIAN!” (7.370)
• An aeolian harp is a stringed instrument designed to be played by
the winds (of Aeolus) rather than by human fingers.

25. “We are the boys of Wexford, Who fought with
heart and hand.” (7.427-28)
• From an Irish Ballad of 1798, “The Boys of Wexford.”
• The Boys of Wexford earned part of their reputation at the expense
of the North Cork Militia.
• http://youtu.be/SmBTjeowz4k

26. “THE CALUMET OF PEACE” (7.464)
• The American Indian peace pipe.

27. “Our old ancient ancestors, as we read in the first
chapter of Guinness’s, were partial to the running
stream.” (7.496-98)
• A common pun in Dublin. Conjoins Genesis with Guinness’s, the
famous Dublin brewery.

28. “Do you know that story about chief baron Palles?”
(7.502)
• Christopher Palles (1831-1920), Irish barrister and lord chief baron
of the Exchequer, that is, the chief judge in the court of Exchequer, a
division of the High Court of Justice in Ireland.

29. “An Irishman saved his life on the ramparts of Vienna.
Don’t you forget! Maximilian Karl O’Donnell, graf von
Tirconnell in Ireland.” (7.540-42)
• Maximilian Karl Lamoral Graf [Earl or Count] O’Donnell von [of] Tirconnell
(b.1812), the Austrian-born son of an Irish expatriate.
• On 18 February 1853 he attended the emperor on his daily walk around the
bastions that encircled old Vienna. When the emperor was attacked and
wounded by a knife-wielding Hungarian tailor, O’Donnell knocked the would-be
assassin down and prevented further attack.

30. “Lord Jesus? Lord Salisbury?” (7.557-58)
• Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne Cecil, third marquess of Salisbury
(1830-1903), was leader of the Conservative party in England and
hence anti-Gladstone and against any concession to the Irish.
• He was prime minister of England 1885-86, 1886-92, and 1895-
1902.

31. “Pyrrhus, misled by an oracle, made a last attempt
to retrieve the fortunes of Greece.” (7.568-69)
• Pyrrhus launched a campaign against Sparta that appeared to have
as its goal the capture of all of the Peloponnesus.
• The “oracle” that misled Pyrrhus was a dream that he read as
promising him success in his attempt to reduce Lacedaemon
(Sparta), the capital of Laconia.

32. “In mourning for Sallust, Mulligan says.” (7.583)
• Sallust, Gaius Sallustius Crispus (86-34 B.C.), was a Roman
historian and active partisan of Caesar.
• His public career, in the course of which he acquired a large fortune,
was apparently marked by corruption and a willingness to oppress
those under his command and governance.

33. “Like fellows who had blown up the Bastille”
(7.600)
• The Bastille St. Antoine, a fortress-prison in Paris, was stormed and
destroyed by a revolutionary mob 14 July 1789. The date is usually
regarded as marking the beginning of the French Revolution.

34. “Or was it you shot the lord lieutenant of Finland
between you? You look as though you had done the
deed. General Bobrikoff.” (7.601-2)
• Nikolai Ivanovitch Bobrikoff (1857-1904), a Russian general, governor-
general, and commander in chief of the military district of Finland (1898-
1904).
• He was given dictatorial powers and he used them ruthlessly to suppress
Finland’s constitutional liberties and to carry out the policy of Russianizing
Finland.
• He was assassinated on 16 June 1904.

35. “That was in eightyone, sixth of May, time of the
invincibles, murder in the Phoenix park…” (7.632-33)
• Refers to the assassination of Lord Frederick Cavendish (pictured
below), British secretary for Ireland, and Thomas Henry Burke, his
undersecretary. Not in 1881, but in 1882.
• They were stabbed to death in Phoenix Park by members of the
Irish National Invincibles

36. “Tim Kelly, or Kavanagh I mean. Joe Brady and
the rest of them. Where Skin-the-Goat drove the
car” (7.639-40)
• All three were members of the Invincibles. Joe Brady earned the reputation
of having been the chief assassin. “Young Tim” Kelly cut their throats.
Kavanagh drove the getaway cab. “Skin-the-Goat” James Fitzharris drove
a decoy cab.

37. “Take page four, advertisement for Bransome’s
coffee, let us say.” (7.654)
• A widely advertised coffee distributed by Bransome & Co., Ltd., of
London.

38. “T is viceregal lodge.” (7.661)
• The residence of the lord lieutenant of Ireland, in the northwest
quadrant of the park.

39. “Then Paddy Hooper worked Tay Pay who took
him on to the Star.” (7.687)
• Thomas Power O’Connor, the Irish journalist and politician who
founded and edited several newspapers and weeklies in London,
including the Star and the Sun and the Weekly Sun, M.A.P., and
T.P.’s Weekly.

40. “Now he’s got in with Blumenfeld.” (7.688)
• Ralph D. Blumenfeld (1864-1948), an American-born
newspaperman and editor who in 1904 became the expatriate editor
of the Daily Express in London.

41. “That’s talent. Pyatt! He was all their daddies!”
(7.688-89)
• Félix Pyat (1810-89), a French social revolutionary and journalist, had a
checkered career on the European Revolutionary Committee in Belgium and
England; he was involved in the Paris Commune in 1871 before escaping to
London. He contributed to several newspapers and edited several revolutionary
journals.

42. “Where have you a man now at the bar like those
fellows, like Whiteside, like Isaac Butt, like
silvertongued O’Hagan.” (7.706-07)
• James Whiteside (1804-76), an Irish barrister famous for his forensic eloquence and for his
defense of Daniel O’Connell in 1844 and of Smith O’Brien in 1848. (Pictured on the left.)
• Isaac Butt (1813-79), an Irish barrister and politician. Known as the “father of Home Rule,”
he was also famous for his participation in the defenses of Smith O’Brien and of the Fenian
Conspirators. (Pictured in the middle.)
• Thomas O’Hagan (1812-85), a barrister and a jurist. His reputation in Ireland was mixed
because he defended the union of the Irish and English parliaments and because he
seemed to benefit from what was regarded as a pro-English stance. (Pictured on the right.)

43. “Why not bring in Henry Grattan and Flood and
Demosthenes and Edmund Burke?” (7.731-32)
• Henry Grattan (1746-1820), Irish statesman and orator, a leader in Ireland’s struggle for
increased legislative independence (1782) and a leader of opposition to the Act of Union.
• Henry Flood (1732-91), Irish statesman and orator, played a prominent part in Irish political
opposition to English dominion.
• Demosthenes (384-322 B.C.), reputed to have been the greatest of the Greek orators.
• Edmund Burke (1729-97), an Irish-born English parliamentarian, orator, and essayist. He
advocated policies of conciliation toward both Ireland and prerevolutionary America.

44. “Ignatius Gallaher we all know and his Chapelizod
boss, Harmsworth of the farthing press…” (7.732-33)
• Alfred C. Harmsworth, Baron Northcliffe (1865-1922), and English
editor and publisher, was born at Chapelizod, just west of Dublin.
• He started the weekly journal, Answers. Gained control of the
London Evening News, founded the London Daily Mail, and
published Harmsworth’s Magazine.

45. “…and his American cousin of the Bowery
guttersheet …” (7.733-34)
• Harmsworth’s personal friend, the American publisher Joseph
Pulitzer (1847-1911).

46. “…Pue’s Occurrences and our watchful friend The
Skibbereen Eagle.” (7.734-35)
• Pue’s Occurrences the first daily newspaper in Dublin, founded in
1700 and published for half a century.
• The Skibbereen Eagle a general weekly newspaper, published in
Skibbereen, County Cork.

47. “Dr. Lucas. Who have you now like John Philpot
Curran?” (7.739-40)
• Charles Lucas (1713-71), an Irish physician and a patriot. He was a
frequent contributor to the Freeman’s Journal. (Pictured on the left.)
• John Philpot Curran (1750-1817), an Irish barrister, patriot and orator
who had a reputation for animating every debate he was involved in.

48. “And he cited the Moses of Michelangelo in the
Vatican.” (7.756-57)
• Michelangelo (1475-1564) carved the Moses as part of a
mausoleum for Pope Julius II.

49. “That Blavatsky woman started it.” (7.784)
• Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831-91) was a Russian traveler and
Theosophist who expanded her interest in spiritualism and the occult with
rather impressionistic studies of the esoteric doctrines of India, the Middle
East, and the medieval cabalas, both Christian and Jewish.

50. “Mr. Justice Fitzgibbon, the present lord justice of appeal, had
spoken and the paper under debate was an essay (new for
those days), advocating the revival of the Irish tongue.”
(7.794-96)
• Gerald Fitzgibbon (1837-1909), Irish, but a devoted Freemason and a
staunch Conservative (hence anti-Home Rule). He was made lord justice of
appeal in 1878; and as commissioner of national education, he was
regarded as one of those who were attempting to Anglicize Ireland.

51. “He is sitting with Tim Healy.” (7.800)
• Timothy Michael Healy (1855-1931) was an Irish politician and
patriot who first distinguished himself as Parnell’s “lieutenant” and
later, when he became one of the leaders of the move to oust
Parnell from leadership of the Irish Nationalist party, as Parnell’s
“betrayer.”

52. “Hosts at Mullaghmast and Tara of the kings. Miles of ears of
porches. The tribune’s words, howled and scattered to the
four winds. A people sheltered within his voice.” (7.880-82)
• The “tribune” in this passage is Daniel O’ Connell, who so styled himself, identifying
with “the People of Ireland … in their wishes and wants, speaking their sentiments
and [seeking] to procure them relief.”
• The meeting at the Hill of Tara was held Sunday, 13 August 1843; patriotic Irish
estimates the crowd at seven hundred fifty thousand to one million people.
• Next to the Tara meeting, the most impressive was held at the Rath of Mullaghmast,
1 October 1843.

53. “Two Dublin vestals” (7.923)
• The vestal virgins were priestesses of Vesta, the Roman goddess of
hearth and home whose temple was the hearth of Rome, the oldest
temple in the city.

54. “They want to see the views of Dublin from the top
of Nelson’s pillar.” (7.931)
• In the middle of Sackville (now O’Connell) Street, a column 121 feet
tall, surmounted by a thirteen-foot statue of Admiral Lord Nelson.
• Spiral stairs led to a platform 120 feet in the air.

55. “Rathmines’ blue dome, Adam and Eve’s, saint
Laurence O’Toole’s.” (7.1011-12)
• Our Lady of Refuge, Rathmines (1850), two miles south of Nelson’s Pillar. (Pictured
on the left.)
• Adam and Eve’s was a Franciscan church five-eighths of a mile west-southwest of
the pillar. (Pictured in the middle.)
• Saint Laurence O’Toole’s was a Roman Catholic church in Seville Place.

56. “You remind me of Antisthenes, the professor said,
a disciple of Gorgias, the sophist.” (7.1035-36)
• Antisthenes (444-370 B.C.), a Greek philosopher and a pupil of Gorgias.
• Gorgias (427-399 B.C.), a Greek Sophist and rhetorician known as “the
Nihilist” for his three propositions: (1) nothing exists; (2) if anything existed,
it could not be known; (3) if anything did exist, and could be known, it could
not be communicated. (Pictured on the right.)

57. “Poor Penelope. Penelope Rich.” (7.1040)
• Penelope Rich Née Devereux (1562-1607), Sir Philip Sidney’s love;
the object of his devoted attentions, literary and otherwise.

58. “He halted on sir John Gray’s pavement island and
peered aloft at Nelson through the meshes of his wry
smile.” (7.1067-68)
• A statue on a pedestal in the middle of Sackville Street.
• Sir John Gray was a Protestant Irish patriot, owner and editor of the
Freeman’s Journal.