Report in Science 207

2.  A space station ( orbital station)
A spacecraft capable of supporting a
crew, which is designed to remain in
space (most commonly in low Earth
orbit) for an extended period of time and
for other spacecraft to dock.
 It lacks of major propulsion or
landing systems.

3. Earth and the Mir station

4. The International Space Station (ISS)
The International Space
Station on 23 May 2010 as
seen from the departing
Space Shuttle Atlantis
during STS-132

5. Sunrise at ZvezdaISS crew member storing samples
ISS was slowly assembled over a decade of spaceflights and crews
Animation of ISS orbit from a North
American geostationary point of view

6. Atmospheric control systems
The interactions between the components of the ISS Environmental
Control and Life Support System (ECLSS)

8. Tomatoes floating in microgravity
Most of the food on board is vacuum sealed in plastic bags.
Cans are too heavy and expensive to transport, so there are not as many.
More spices are used than in regular cooking, and the crew looks
forward to the arrival of any ships from Earth, as they bring fresh fruit
and vegetables with them.

9. Space toilet in the Zvezda Service Module

11. WELCOME TO:
ROBOTS IN SPACE

12.  A robot may be defined as a self-controlled
device consisting of electronic, electrical,
or mechanical units.
 They never get tired;
 They can endure physical conditions that are
uncomfortable or even dangerous;
 They can operate in airless conditions;
 They do not get bored by repetition;
 They cannot be distracted from the task at hand.

13. Types of Robots in Space
 ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle)
• ROVs are used in nuclear facilities for inspection and repair
in areas too dangerous for humans, and by police bomb
squads for removal of potentially hazardous materials.
An ROV can be
• an unmanned spacecraft that remains in flight,
• a lander that makes contact with an extraterrestrial body
and operates from a stationary position,
• a rover that can move over terrain once it has landed

14. Future Robots in Space
Servicers are humansized, multi-arm, remote
manipulators which are used for
servicing and assembly.
Cranes, like the RMS currently operated on Space Shuttle
missions, are long single arms used
for repositioning larges masses.
Rovers are mobile platforms for transporting
payloads on planetary servicers and
extraterrestrial surfaces.

15. Today's space robots operate either by
 teleoperation (continuous remote control of a
manipulator)
 robotics (preprogrammed control of a
manipulator).
Both are controlled by humans. The distinction is that the
teleoperators are controlled by humans remote in distance, and
robots are controlled by humans in time (by way of computer
programs).

16. A robotic
spacecraft
is a spacecraft
with no humans on
board, usually under
telerobotic control.

17. Space Elevator

18.  A space elevator is a proposed type of
space transportation system.
 Its main component is a ribbon-like cable
(also called a tether) anchored to the surface
and extending into space.
 It is designed to permit vehicle transport
along the cable from a planetary surface, such
as the Earth's, directly into space or orbit,
without the use of large rockets.

20. NASA
National Aeronautics
and
Space Administration

21. NASA's vision:
To reach for new heights
and reveal the unknown so
that what we do and learn
will benefit all humankind.

22. NASA conducts its work in four principal organizations,
called mission directorates:
Aeronautics
Human Exploration
and Operations
Science
Space Technology

23. Mobile Phone Camera
Scratch-resistant Lenses
Water Purification Clean Energy Technology

24. Computer Axial Tomography (CAT)
scanners in radiography.
Chemical DetectionFreeze Drying Technology
Video Enhancing System

25. Highway Safety
Artificial Limbs:

26. WITH THE WORLDWIDE OF SPACE LAUNCH CAPABILITIES
AND SMALL SATELLITES, SPACE IS BECOMING
INCREASINGLY: