Study on interface design for smart phone based indoor navigation under special consideration of information judgment by the user in emergency evacuation scenarios
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This document discusses interface design for indoor navigation on smartphones during emergency evacuations. It proposes displaying evacuation instructions and routes in a step-by-step manner to guide 500,000 passengers out of a building safely. The method section outlines 7 sample displays including "floor" and "destination" indicators, and positioning step-by-step instruction messages and their progression on the interface. The conclusion thanks the readers.
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Study on interface design for smart phone based indoor navigation under special consideration of information judgment by the user in emergency evacuation scenarios
- 4. Introduction
- 5. How to cope with disasters or similar incidents that require emergency evacuations?emergency evacuations? Introduction
- 6. Introduction
- 7. Method
- 8. Method
- 9. Method 7 Samples “Floor” display method “Destination” is text needed? “step-by-step” instruction message position on the interface “step-by-step” instruction message design approach “ step-by-step” instruction message display step progression
- 10. Method
- 11. Method
- 12. Method
- 13. Method
- 24. Conclusion
- 26. Thank you. Ching-I Chen Master Degree Student, Department of Industrial Design, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan zoeychen116@gmail.com Meng-Cong Zheng Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Design, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan zmcdesign@gmail.com Study on Interface Design for Smart Phone Based Indoor Navigation under Special Consideration of Information Judgment by the User in Emergency Evacuation Scenarios
Editor's Notes
- Good afternoon everyone, My name is Ching-I Chen. I am a graduate student from the Department of Industrial Design at the National Taipei University of Technology in Taiwan. My advisor is Mong-Cong Zheng. My paper is entitled Study on Interface Design for Smart Phone Based Indoor Navigation under Special Consideration of Information Judgment by the User in Emergency Evacuation Scenarios.
- In an age and environment where we have to cope with disaster management on quite a frequent basis, matters of emergency evacuation cannot be taken light-heartedly. In this paper we discuss how people in public indoor spaces can rely on smartphone communication in order to find and reach safety zones when evacuation signage fails them or is nonexistent in the first place, and when there is no knowledgeable personnel available to lead their way. Furthermore, we analyze how to optimize the navigation interface taking in special consideration users’ upset state of mind and the related chaos accompanying such situation.
- Basis for this research was the Taipei Main Station. Taipei Main Station refers to the old downtown region in Taipei, Taiwan. The station handles over half a million passengers daily on conventional rail, metro, and high-speed rail. As Taipei is an international me.tropolis there aren’t only locals but also a significant number of foreign travelers in this combined traffic-hub. At the same time three extensive underground shopping mall streets invite visitors to meet up, do their transportation transfers or, of course, indulge in shopping itself.
- Despite of a variety of floor plans and signage, right from the beginning of our field study we found out that 68% of people had previously gotten lost within the Taipei Main Station, among these we even discovered 75% of them being Taipei residents themselves.
- That raises the decisive question as to how to cope with disasters or similar incidents that require emergency evacuations?
- Therefore this study pays special attention to the needs of people under psychological pressure, and how the information in an indoor navigation system design should be arranged properly; how to optimize and speed up recognizability, while at the same time reducing direct information overload.
- In this study, we collected domestic as well as international indoor and outdoor navigation apps currently available on the market.
- Very similar ones have been consolidated, resulting in a total of 7 quite different interface layouts being selected for the experiments.
- Design elements, such as icons, arrow styles, fonts, maps, and line styles had been simplified and harmonized by eliminating the color factor and applying a simple gray scale. The same set of maps was used, but in order to avoid learning and famili.arity of routes the map direction, route start and end point, movement direction and indicated distances were altered. As for the interface we ma.nipulated the 5 features.
- In this experiment we used these different interface layouts to observe the probands’ attention, and test their message response time and accuracy. Purpose was to establish a statistical evaluation base to determine the most efficient interface layout. We had ten male and ten female probands in an age range between 22 and 42 years.
- In pre-experiments we found out, that when the response time of probands was limited, this would cause considerable psychological pressure, naturally increasing tension and anxiety.
- Therefore, in our formal experiment we set a time limit of 3 minutes for each proband to respond to the first 4 tasks. This was done to evoke pressure and thereby meet the proposition of our research, simulating the psychological stress to be expected in an emergency evacuation situation. In the fifth task we asked our probands to raise questions or give suggestions concerning the user interface. After the experiment we then asked the probands to fill out a questionnaire.
- At the end of the experiment we analyzed the probands’ oral reports in reference to “cognition speed”, “response accuracy”, “decision-making process”, “graphic reference ratio” and “best interface votes”.
- We looked at each probands answer time individually and put them in relative order, sorted from fast to slow as seen on the figure. From the Cognition Speed statistical rankings on the figure, we can see that the Top 3 ones are Sample 5, Sample 1 and Sample 2.
- Following the experiment we conducted a poll among the probands, asking which interface they prefer. One person casts two votes. The best one received one point. The poll result ranking is as follows: Sample 5 received 8 votes, Sample 1 and Sample 2 each received 7 votes, and so on. And we found that the cognition speed ranking and the best interface poll happen to be the same sequence.
- According to cognitions speed ranking we assign numerical grades, the first rank receiving 7 points and the very last rank 1 point. The statistical answer accuracy overview can be seen in the figure. The sequential order from highest to lowest is Sample 3, Sample 2, Sample 5, Sample 6, Sample 1, Sample 7, Sample 4. The integral score was calculated by the formula. And we found that the integral score sequence is almost the same as the best interface poll.
- This describes the decision-making process of the probands after receiving the instructions of the navigation interface. Our result record statistics are split into five items. The statistical overview is arranged on the figure, further pointing out if single step or multiple steps on the interface. From the figure, we see that Sample 5 and Sample 7 each show 15 people having reached the target destination entirely relying on the navigation instructions, and also 5 people who looked at the maps on their own and successfully reached the target destination. Despite 12 people following the instructions in Sample 6 successfully reaching their destination, another 4 did not reach the intended target destination, making this the sample with the highest failure rate of all 7 samples.
- The graphic/text cross-referencing of the 20 probands was statistically arrived at by interview and their pointing with fingers at locations of the line-of-eyesight on the screen. Three people responded they were relying to 80% on the navigation instruction text. These we call the text-readers. Nine probands responded they were relying to more than 80% on the graphic. These we call the graphic-readers. The remaining 8 people cross-referenced graphic with text. The graphic/text balanced readers.
- Data was attained by analyzing the probands’think-aloud records. It shows the statistical pros and cons of each set’s graphics. From the point of view of destination instructions design, in Sample 5 the starting point was believed to be the current location. Dialog bubble ”Exit 3”was the clearest destination marking, and received no incorrect answers. The destination in Sample 2 is often mistaken for the next indication of a turning point.
- From the point of view of “floor display design”, in Sample 2 this floor display is the clearest and most direct one. The floor display design approach of Sample 1 could not easily be recognized, and was frequently ignored all together, or lead to a misunderstanding of the actual position on the floor.
- From the point of view of “graphic/text arrangement of navigation message”, In Sample 2 the navigation text “8 meter, in 5 seconds”preparing for a right turn was ignored by 80% of the probands.
- Although multiple-step design in this experiment is inefficient. We found, in Sample 3 the step sequence number and sequence overview could not easily be recognized at the first look, proper cognition needed a longer period of time. “19 meter” and the arrow direction were ignored by 19 probands.
- Four layout samples where designed with multiple steps instructions to be read from bottom to top. 18 people managed to reach their destination by correctly following the navigation instructions. But 2 probands habitually followed the instructions from top to bottom.
- The purpose of this study was to develop a smartphone navigation interface design for users under psychological pressure to achieve the highest efficiency in finding optimized evacuation routes. These empirical results deliver the "cognition speed", "answer accuracy index" and "decision-making process" score. The interface with the least amount of information load proved to be the one with the highest cognition speed, which in our experiment was Sample 5. Dividing the interface into two main parts overview maps and step-by-step evacuation instructions, showed to be helpful. The overview maps allow users to attain a complete look including current location and final destination. The step-by-step instructions provide for ad hoc action items, thereby minimizing confusion through unneeded information pieces.
- However, the location symbol in the "current location" feature of Sample 5 should be slightly revised indicating a segment endpoint, as e.g. in Sample 1, Sample 2.
- We hope this paper can be con-tribu-tory in the future to the on-going research in the field of smartphone navigation interface designs for emergency evacuation scenarios in indoor spaces, and therefore lead to considerable improvements in modern societies who frequently have to face related disaster management in their environment. Thank you for being here.