The Politics Of Edmund Burke As Related To Classical...

The Politics of Edmund Burke as Related to Classical...
Edmund Burke was a political philosopher and a member of British Parliament who is generally
considered to be the founder of modern conservatism. His politics are a fusion of other political
theorists, and thus aren't particularly cohesive or systematic. However, Burke is an important figure
in the history of political thought and he was known for his ability as an orator and statesman. Burke
saw society as if it was an evolving organism. He felt that, like a body, all aspects of a society must
be functioning properly in order for society as a whole to remain healthy. Also like a body, he saw
society as always attempting a homeostasis. He claimed that there was a delicate balance with all the
institutions of society. When one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This concept was known as subsidiarity. One other concept that Burke advocated is that of virtual
representation. Burke felt that when one was elected, the people elected an individual, not a populist
mouthpiece. Therefore it wasn't necessary for him to reflect the positions of his constituents. Instead
he would use his own judgement in governmental decisions. This is one area that is can be traced to
modern conservatism, as conservatives typically feel the need to legislate their personal morality.
Even though Burke is considered to be the founder of modern conservatism, his ideas are directly
connected to classic liberalism. This political ideology placed an emphasis on individual and
economic liberty, as classic liberals believed this would result in the greatest prosperity for all. The
term liberal originally was derived from the idea that they were liberating the economy and citizen
from needless government constraint. This ideology eventually evolved into libertarianism.
Libertarianism is most directly connected to the British philosopher John Stuart Mill. Mill felt that
government should never get so big that it is encumbered by its bloated size. This ideology places a
strong emphasis on liberty. They believe that the market economies are self–regulating and need no
government intervention of any kind. The government's sole
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Classical Liberalism Vs. Modern Liberalism Essay
As Thomas Paine once said "I believe in the equality of man", equality is a progressive ideology that
humanity has struggled long and arduously to fully achieve. (PP classical liberalism) According to
the Bond textbook, "Ideology is a consistent set of values, attitudes, and beliefs about the
appropriate role of government in society." (Textbook, page 22) The movement that spanned during
the creation of the United States was called classical liberalism. What is liberalism? Classical
Liberalism could be defined as a movement during the eighteenth maybe nineteenth century that
was focused on the unalienable rights of people such as freedoms that are written in the United
States Constitution. Conservatism is also an ideal in which everything such as laws, freedoms, and
government must remain rooted in traditional values and morals. These major ideals influence the
nation deeply because both political parties back one of these ideals. The major differences between
modern conservatism and modern liberalism are capitalism versus government regulation,
individual liberties versus traditional values, and morals.
Classical liberalism during that time only primarily focused on the rights of the individual such as
freedom of speech, press, assembly, and voting. Most of the sovereign nations at that time had little
or minimal rights for the common people of the state. The people who were part of the ruling class
or bloodline believed that they had the "divine right" to rule. (PP

To What Extent Does Modern Liberalism Depart from...
The classical liberal ideology emerged as a result of the Enlightenment period, which brought about
new philosophies, challenging the existing assumptions about the nature of humankind and society.
Modern liberalism developed around 1870 as a result of both philosophical and practical changes,
including mass industrialisation. Classical liberals argue that modern liberalism has broken the
principles of doctrines central to liberal thought whilst modern liberals claim that they are simply
adapting and building on classical liberalist ideas. This essay will discuss the extent to which
modern liberalism departs from classical liberalisms by analysing approaches to the size of the state,
democracy and the concept of freedom and aims to justify ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This suggests that whilst there is a considerable difference in attitudes between modern and classical
liberals, some parallels can be drawn between them.
Moreover, one way in which modern liberalism has departed from the ideas of classical liberalism is
the extent to which the state should involve itself in the lives of the individual. Classical liberals, in
particular John Stuart Mill, emphasised a minimal state and believed that an interfering state would
impede upon the private lives of individuals. Yet modern liberals fully supported an enabling state;
Beveridge believed that citizens should be protected by the state s from 'the cradle to the grave.' This
implies that, unlike classical liberals, modern liberals supported a government which is fully
involved in the lives of individuals and would therefore support policies such as benefits and the
national health service. However, classical liberals, notably Samuel Smiles, thought that people
should take responsibility for their own welfare because the individual is the guardian of their own
prosperity and therefore state intervention is dangerous. This contradicts the belief of modern
liberals, who believed that a state should be established in order to help people to help themselves.
Although, it could be argued that modern liberalism does not depart significantly from the ideas of
classical liberalism with regards to the size of the state. This is because both forms f the ideology
work towards the same aim;

Classical Liberalism And Natural Rights
Classical republicanism and natural rights philosophy had a profound impact on the way the
Founders viewed government. Though the two are inherently different, the Founders used aspects
from both to construct a well–rounded view of government. Many of the aspects they felt were
important were ideals that were not present in the monarchy in Great Britain. Classical
republicanism focused strongly on promoting the common good of the people. Natural rights
philosophers,such as John Locke, kept the idea of ensuring and protecting individual rights as a
focal point. The Founders took elements from classical republicanism such as small, uniform
communities, citizenship and civic virtue, and moral education. In conjunction with these aspects,
the Founders also were influenced by aspects of natural philosophy, including individual rights,
popular sovereignty/government by consent, limited government, and human equality. The Founders
drew upon the aspects from both classical republicanism and natural rights philosophy to create a
government that would benefit the people and uphold natural rights while not being overbearing.
Classical Republicanism placed the needs of the people of the community above individual liberty
and self–determination. These citizens were taught to work together to promote the good of the
country. They were not about working for private interest. Classical republicans believed that people
had to work together to maintain their republic and keep it free from

Essay on Classical Liberalism Vs. Classical Conservatism
Classical Liberalism vs. Classical Conservatism
In today's society, most people are unable to explain the differences between the Democratic Party
and the Republican Party. In fact, the two parties' ideologies seem to be very much alike; and
therefore, people tend to believe that a Republican candidate and a Democratic candidate running
for the same office will not make a large difference from one another. Furthermore, both Democrats,
the supposedly liberal party, and Republicans, the supposedly conservative party, have been
appointed to the highest office, the President of the United States of America. In most cases, the
President has been effective in building notable progress in our nation's growth, regardless of the
political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ideally, the judgment of people is based on their personal characteristics rather than their group
affiliation, minimizing the problem of racism and other forms of bigotry (Franks 28). However, this
is a problem with ethnic groups, like American Indians and immigrants, which concerns classical
liberals that believe their collectiveness hinders their individual natural rights. Finally, classical
liberalism also protects the free marketplace, allowing buyers and sellers to freely circulate ideas in
order to achieve the most success (Franks 28). Therefore, the development of capitalism is an
important ideology protected by classical liberalism, along with the natural rights of individuals. On
the other hand, the ideologies of the Republican Party originate from the principles of the classical
conservatism philosophy. Classical conservatism's underlying idea is to protect and conserve
established traditional values in the name of "liberty, equality, and fraternity," or to reinstate ideal
values that are in decline (Franks 28). According to Edmund Burke, who is regarded as the
intellectual source of classical conservatism, the preservation of the values of tradition in family and
the Church is more sound in forming a government than "reason" (Jones 261). Thus, classical
conservatism rules out the idea of empowering people who do not "deserve" power, completely
opposing the underlying factor of the individual's natural

Conservatism Vs. Classical Liberalism
The United States was founded on a basis of liberty and in the early 19th century, classical
liberalism was the ideology that society thought would best protect individual liberties.
Conservatism and classical liberalism often resemble each other in social and political ideas and
ways of thinking. There are many factors that contribute to this resemblance between the two
ideologies. Conservatism in the United States so often resembles classical liberalism because of the
similarity in the beliefs of government restrictions and regulations.
Before explaining how classical liberalism resembles modern day conservatism, it is important to
understand the basis for both ideologies. Conservatism is a difficult ideology to define because the
notion of conserving something is shared between all followers, but it is often argued what should
be conserved (Ball, Dagger, and O'Neill 99). With different values and beliefs as well as pressure
from society to conform, it is difficult for conservatives to all agree on what exactly it is they want
to conserve. Conservatism is often referred to the resistance to change, however, this is where the
difference between classical conservatism and modern conservatism is visible (Ball, Dagger, and
O'Neill 99). Classical conservatives were skeptical of equality and independent freedom and in order
to keep the traditional social hierarchy, believed in restraining the passions of the people in society
(Ball, Dagger, and O'Neill 100). The worry that the

Liberalism And Classical Liberalism
A society can be anywhere on the liberal spectrum; it can support illiberal, modern liberal, or
classical liberal views. Source one is clearly in support of classical liberalism, which is on the right
of the spectrum. The philosopher who said this quote, Voltaire, believes that the individual is more
important than the collective. Therefore, the government should have little interference in the lives
of citizens and should only protect their natural rights. This source supports this because Voltaire is
saying how, even if he doesn't hold the same opinion as another individual, he will still allow them
to state their opinion; everyone in society has the right to free speech, and no other human has the
ability to take away that right. Classical liberalism is parallel to the views of John Locke, who
believed that individuals have natural rights which must be protected by a government.
Consequently, he believed that the government should only create laws which will prevent harm to
others. Voltaire lived during the Enlightenment period in France, which occurred before the French
Revolution. Before this period, kings were believed to have a divine right; in other words, God had
given them the right to govern so therefore anything they said must be respected. However,
individuals such as Voltaire and Locke disagreed and wanted individuals to recognize that they
should fight for their rights. An example of a society which supports classical liberalism is modern
America; individuals are equal before the law––the rule of law states that everyone must abide by
the law––and individuals are free to think what they want and to openly speak it. Republicans and
liberals or individuals who believe in capitalism are the most likely to hold this ideology. Source
two is referring to an event in American history which demonstrated illiberal values. After the 9/11
attacks on the World Trade Center, the American government increased security within its country; a
major law that they created was called the Patriot Act. By applying this act, the government
restricted the rights of Americans citizens because they were allowed to take any suspicious person
into custody without evidence and they were allowed to search personal data,

Libertarianism Vs Classical Liberalism
Classical Liberalism is an ideology with its focus on individual liberty with a limited government.
The belief that an individual should have the freedom to pursue and be responsible for their own
life. It stems from an idea that humans, as a whole, are generally good in nature, and that people
should have rights apart from the government. These rights include the right to pursue happiness, the
right to financial success, or even failure, and the right to free speech and freedom of religion.
Individuals have equal opportunities in life, but not equal materialistic beginnings or gains. You had
the right to own land, but it was up to the individual to obtain it. Classical Libertarians thought the
role of government should be very limited, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The basic concept that the individual has the right to liberty is still there. However the role of
government has changed. The modern Liberal feels that the purpose of government not only to
protect individual rights, but to also provide social welfare, benefiting society as a whole, (Downes,
yaliberty.org). This would include things like financial assistance, universal health care, and free and
equal education. Also todays Libertarian party supports the government enforcing more rules and
regulations to big corporations. The political platform of todays Liberal can seem misleading to
some. One example of this is individual abortion rights. Modern Libertarianism supports the right of
the individual to be able to make their own decision to have an abortion, the government should not
have a say in the matter. This shows support for the classical belief that government should not play
a big part in an individuals life. However, by contrast, todays Liberal political platform also feels
that the government should not perform executions – even for convicted serial killers, (Goodman
ncpa.org). This directly goes against the classical view that the governments role is to protect the
individuals

Essay about Classical Liberalism
Definition ==========
The ideology of classical liberalism is concerned with the conception of an ideal society. The term
classical refers to the early form of liberalism that flourished for much of the nineteenth century. It
sees human nature as essentially selfish but rational. Therefore the ideal society is one where
individuals have maximum freedom to pursue their own interest in competition with everyone else.
Origins =======
Origins of classical liberalism are derived from the break up of the feudal system, which allowed
people more economic freedom and allowed possible the early growth of capitalism. The fusion of
economic and political liberalism has produced a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Utilitarianism ––––––––––––––
Like Locke, utilitarians see men as individuals essentially. However Jeremy Bentham rejected the
notion of natural rights as it was 'nonsense on stilts' and as result he developed the principle of
utility. Utility is based on the belief that man is motivated by the desire to achieve happiness and
avoid pain. It's important to note the utilitarianism definition of happiness – consumption and
enjoyment of goods and property and only the provision of this is utility. The opposite of this for
example, pain is disutility.
Society for utilitarians meant free individuals pursuing their own interests as workers and consumers
and the only role the government play is as a protector of these rights, implying they needed little
intervention. Any increase in state power would only be a benefit if increasing the total sum of
utility and therefore the goal of any political system is to achieve 'the greatest good for the greatest
number'. This heavily relies on democracy and government responsibility and accountability and the
state should be answerable to the people. In summary, there are four key utilitarian points–
* Each

Has Liberalism Betrayed Its Classical Principles?
Has liberalism betrayed its classical principles?
Liberalism is a powerful modern thrust which is not just an ideology, but has become more of a
western understanding. Liberalism emerged during the 19th century, following the French revolution
i.e. the feudal period. The philosophy had set out principles in relation to the individual such as
freedom, reason, justice, toleration and liberal democracy. A century later, there was the
establishment of modern liberals. Modern liberalist ideas are similar to those of the classical liberals
but, in some cases differ quite vigorously. It has been argued that modern liberals have betrayed the
core, classical principles of liberalism.
Classical liberals believe that the individual is largely self ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This belief is backed up as there have been disasters such as recessions and the credit crunch. They
believe that to prevent economic crisis, there needs to be a managed economy where capital is
extracted and put back in for the safety of the economy.
Classical liberalists have criticised modern liberals, accusing them of betraying the principles of
liberalism. We can see this as the modern liberals contradict what the classic liberals suggest. In
response, modern liberals claim that rather than betraying and breaking the principles of the
ideology, they have built on and expanded it to fit in with modern society. Classic liberal ideas were
created in the 19th century, when circumstances in society were a whole lot different to what they
are now. Modern liberal ideas were related to the further development of industrialisation. The
development brought massive expansions of wealth for some, as well as poverty, disease and
ignorance for others. J.S Mill, who is a key thinker for liberalism stated that that the classical liberal
are right, however extra support needs to be given to an individual through setting structures in
society.
From looking into the various elements of liberalism through both the classical and modern side, it
can be concluded that modern liberals haven't betrayed but instead have slightly tampered with the
classical beliefs of liberalism. Because of the massive

Keynesianism Vs Classical Liberalism
While classical liberalism and mercantilism have fundamentally different ideological roots, both
theories have profound implications beyond the international economy, creating ripples in the
worldwide political and social climate. Thus, each theory needs to be evaluated to maximize the
economic policy's benefits and minimize its negative consequences. Along this line, the concept of
freedom in classical liberalism offers clear benefits to market growth, yet the invisible hand does not
always intervene to save these economies from the catastrophic effects of inequality and irrational
human decisions. Therefore, a balance between freedom and state intervention needs to be reached.
Keynesianism offers one approach to maximizing freedom, while still maintaining a safety net in
terms of limited state intervention. The issue of security is relevant and important to consider within
an economic system, yet the aggressive approach of malevolent intimidation demonstrates a social
and political shortcoming within the mercantilist theory. Ultimately, in order to address the issues of
inequality, imperialism, and violence within our international community, we have to start by
understanding the impact of our globalized economic policies. Once we do this, we can start to
move towards a more peaceful, equal, and flourishing society.
Economic liberalism stresses the part of human nature, driven by reason over emotion (Balaam &
Dillman, 2014). There is a naïve view of economic liberalism in which harmonious competition
evolves from the individual pursuit of self–interest. This phenomenon is described as when an
individual "intends only his own gain, and he is in this...led by an invisible hand to promote an end
which was not part of his intention" (Stegmann, 2004). Adam Smith predicted that men's economic
decisions would result in an "altruism of egoism" (Stegmann, 2004). Altruism and egoism are
fundamentally exclusive. The idea that the combination of men's selfish desires could result in
something altruistic is an extreme idealization and miscalculation. Unfortunately, the selfish pursuit
of individual interest leads to a societal economic gap. The Laissez Faire approach to economic
freedom offers no limit to the success

Classical Liberalism Research Paper
Liberalism is generally differentiated into two categories which are classical liberalism and modern
liberalism. According to Heywood (2003), classical liberalism was the most primitive tradition
which nothing can surpass. The forming of the ideas of classical liberalism between the seventeenth
to nineteenth century was due to the disruption of feudalism in Europe followed by the
reconstructed to capitalism. However, modern liberalism is the advanced alternation from classical
liberalism which is based on its fundamental basis. This is one of the reasons that some people
argued both classic and modern liberalism are partly similar. Yet, this essay will be more focus on
the discussion of the distinction between classical liberalism and modern ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(1995). Classical Liberalism: The Unvanquished Ideal. [Google Books version]. Retrieved from
https://books.google.co.uk/books?
id=lvLMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Deway, J. (1935). The Future of Liberalism, 32(9), pp. 225–230. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2015856?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Hall, J. A. (1987). Classical Liberalism and the Modern State, 116(3), pp. 95–118. Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20025110
Heywood, A. (2015). Political Theory An Introduction. London: PALGRAVE.
Heywood, A. (2003). Political Ideologies. New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN.
Raico, R. (2010). What Is Classical Liberalism? Retrieved from https://mises.org/library/what–
classical–liberalism
SleepyClasses. (2017). Political Science for UPSC – Liberalism Part 1. Accessed on 13/02/2018 at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLNu3VwyGiI
Tomasi, J. (2012). Free Market Fairness. [Princeton University Press version]. Retrieved from

Ideology Of Classical Liberalism
The ideologies of the Democratic Party originate from the principles of the classical liberalism
philosophy. The most dominant idea of classical liberalism is that the government's role is to protect
the individual's natural rights because individuals are the primary unit of society (Franks 27).
According to John Locke, a philosopher who contributed to classical liberalism's vitality, the
protection of individuals' "life, liberty, and property" is their natural rights (Jones 227). The ideas of
classical liberalism revolves so much around the individual that Locke believes the people had the
right to combine into a revolutionary force and organize a new form of government, or a social
contract, as they pleased. Because of the importance of the individual, classical liberalism favors
immigrants and people of all classes. Ideally, the judgment of people is based on their personal
characteristics rather than their group affiliation, minimizing the problem of racism and other forms
of bigotry (Franks 28). However, this is a problem with ethnic groups, like American Indians and
immigrants, which concerns classical liberals that believe their collectiveness hinders their
individual natural rights. Finally, classical liberalism also protects the free marketplace, allowing
buyers and sellers to freely circulate ideas in order to achieve the most success (Franks 28).
Therefore, the development of capitalism is an important ideology protected by classical liberalism,
along with the

Classical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism Essay
Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms
mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as "a political philosophy
emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order."(Frohnen,
Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as "a philosophy committed to the ideal of
limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press,
assembly, and free markets." (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and
parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the
time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John Locke and Adam Smith. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Edmund chose the Whigs because of their "freedom under law, balancing orders, and religious
tolerance." (Kirk, 1953)During this time he became one the leading men in the Whig party. (Clark,
2000) Edmund Burke was praised by both the conservatives and liberals of the nineteenth century.
Yet, Burke is now known as the philosophical founder of conservatism. (Heywood, 2003)(Lock,
2006) One reason he is a founder of conservatism not liberalism because he favored reform of a
society. (Kirk, 1953) Like Edmund Burke was the philosophical founder of conservatism, John
Adams was the founder of conservatism in the United States of America. (Kirk, 1953) John Adams
was born on October 30, 1735 and died on July 4, 1826 in Quincy, Massachusetts. John Adams was
an American statesman, diplomat, political theorist, and the second president of the United States.
John Adams was a federalist. The federalists were the first conservative movement in the United
States. (Kirk, 1953) He was also one of the most influential founding Father of the United States.
This was because he played a leading role in persuading the Continental Congress to declare
independence from Britain.(Kirk, 1953)
Many people, including several representatives sought Adams advice, even on how to frame new
governments, local, state, and national. With this John Adams wrote Thoughts on Government.
(Adams, 1776, 1851) Thoughts on Government influenced many state constitutions we see

To What Extent Has Modern Liberalism Departed from the...
To what extent has modern liberalism departed from the ideas of classical liberalism?
The further development of industrialisation led to social and economic inequality. This led to a
revision of classical liberal ideas to prevent the spread of ignorance and poverty. It is suggested that
modern liberals have betrayed classical liberal ideas as they embrace collectivism and diverge from
classical liberalism on issues such as freedom. However, it can be argued that modern liberals have
simply built on classical liberal ideas such as its commitment to the individual.
One area in which it is suggested that modern liberalism has departed from classical liberalism is
individualism. Classical liberals believe in egoism, that individuals are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Mill disagreed with Bentham as he believed in 'higher' and 'lower' pleasures that can be derived
from actions and promoted those pleasures which developed an individual's skills and abilities rather
than short–term pleasure seeking actions. He placed emphasis on individual development and
flourishing.
Another area in which it is suggested that modern liberalism has departed from classical liberalism
is freedom. Classical liberals believe in negative freedom. This is simply that there should be an
absence of external constraints on the individual and as such they should be left alone to make their
own choices. In this way classical liberals were heavily influenced by the natural rights theories of
John Locke and Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson claimed that we were born with inalienable rights and
therefore no individual or government had the right to take these away. Freedom from constraints is
therefore an essential condition for exercising these rights. In practise, this has meant that classical
liberals have advocated a minimal state or what John Locke referred to as the 'night–watchman
state'. The activities of this state should be limited to the enforcement of contracts, maintaining order
and protection from foreign threats to prevent the state from infringing on individual liberties as
much as possible.
Modern Liberals on the other hand have advocated a more positive interpretation of freedom.
Positive

The Industrial Revolution : A Classical Liberalism
The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain bought about significant changes, and had
varying impacts on people depending on their economic status. It was a change that spread rapidly
widening the gap between the rich and the poor wherever it developed. Although the industrial
revolution enhanced production, increased employment opportunities and resulted in high
generation of revenues, it also negatively affected various industries given that most of the trust,
conglomerate and holding companies used their influence to kill any chance of fair competition; a
move that ensured they controlled their respective industries. Worse still, it increasingly degraded
the lives of the middle class given that early on in the revolution; there were no specific laws or
regulations to protect them. It therefore becomes evident that it is laissez– faire (a classical
liberalism) that supported the historical record with regards to early industrial revolution.
During this time there was liberalism, conservatism and socialist, yet, not everyone that was in
reform agreed with all regulations. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, liberalism the
nineteenth century was define as "a political philosophical based on belief in progress, the essential
goodness of the human race, and the autonomy of the individual and standing for the protection of
political and civil liberties; specifically: such a philosophy that considers government as a crucial
instrument for amelioration of

John Stuart Mill on Classical Liberalism and Modern...
John Stuart Mill was a classical liberal thinker and believed, through the influence of his father, that
man deserved to live a life that promoted the greatest amount of happiness with limited government
intervention. Mill grew up with the belief that there was no God and therefore believed that man is
born inherently good; government should be limited to allow individuals to make their own
decisions from their inherently good instincts; economic freedom provided individuals with the
protection of rights and promoted the ideology that Mill stood for most, Utilitarianism which highly
influenced classical liberalism.
The philosophy of John Stuart Mill has influenced mankind and classical liberalism throughout
history. John Stuart Mill, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He presumed that people had enough knowledge and discernment to make moral choices that they
could live with. The individual and their personal reflection of right or wrong decided their moral
standards. Mill also noted that people had a desire to be accepted by society and they have a fear of
being disapproved. Mill believed government should intervene only when one individual may hurt
another. People have the freedom to hold and express their own opinions, which would deny the
government the ability to choose a majority over a minority. In this government their authority
would be limited in its ability to intervene unless an individual was harming another.
To think that because those who wield power in society wield in the end that of government,
therefore it is of no use to attempt to influence the constitution of the government by acting on
opinion, is to forget that opinion is itself one of the greatest active social forces. One person with a
belief is a social power equal to ninety–nine who have only interests.
Mill's belief promotes that each individual's opinion is important and therefore should be listened to
by the government. The government would not be able to turn a blind eye to a minority; this is one
of many influences on classical liberalism. In classical liberalism the government has limited say in
the economy and ensures that everyone has the right to his or her freedom of opinion. An

Classical Liberalism Is A Political Philosophy Originated
Classical Liberalism is a political philosophy originated in the 18th century based on the idea of
individual liberty created to preserve an open and accepting, and open–minded society. Classical
liberalism is very solemn when advocating for the value of freedom in which emphasizes the
importance of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets which includes free trade market
capitalism, and economic liberalism. Up until around the 1900s, this ideology was commonly
known as Liberalism, however, it's now important to classify it as "Classical Liberalism" mostly in
English–speaking countries. Worldwide however, Liberalism is a wide–ranging term that can also be
associated with private property and designated with social, instead of social, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
John Locke, an English philosopher, shared some of the same ideas that Hobbes possessed. Locke
believed in the power of a government to preserve freedom, but he also believed in overthrowing
any government that violated a citizen's rights, and as a solution, getting a new government
competent for the duty of serving the people. Locke also believed in freedom by nature. "Everyone
has a natural right to life, liberty, and property." Locke believed in men preserving their own "civil
interest," by those he means life, liberty, health, and the possession of land, money, houses, and such
things. He believed that all men are free by nature, and that "no private person has any right in any
manner to prejudice another person in his civil enjoyments." Locke also believes that God gave men
the world to make use of it, therefore he values so much the right to property.
Another philosopher from the 17th century, and who made an impact on how political economy
works is Adam Smith, one of the major philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment. Smith is
considered as one of the source of classical liberal commitments, reducing state regulations on
economic life and trade. He was very powerful with his argument, he believed

Classical Liberalism V.S. Reform Liberalism on the Issue...
Brayden Sander (UCID 10080322)
October 14th 2011
Jay Makarenko
POLI 201
Writing Assignment
Classical Liberalism V.S. Reform Liberalism on the issue of Wealth Redistribution and Income
Classical Liberalism is against government interventionism in all realms of life. They believe that
everyone should be treated equally regardless of income. This differs from reform liberalism, as
they want government intervention to guarantee equality of opportunity. This is made possible by
progressive income tax, government regulation on big business, and social welfare. In My opinion
Classical Liberalism is superior as its fair and easier to implement than reform Liberalism.
1
Classical Liberalists think that every man or women is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"
2
The Classical Liberalist, would oppose any regulation on the economy. As they believe that those
who are able to make money based on the principle of supply and demand already have helped the
welfare of other in the process. Classical Liberalist's understand inequality as an inevitable result of
free competition, and actually see it as beneficial in the long run as capital is reinvested, to create
new technology, employment and opportunities. If this capital were to be taxed heavily instead,
many opportunities and jobs would be lost further adding to the inequality of wealth and opportunity
for the poor.
The biggest difference's between the set's of ideologies is that Reform Liberalism believes in
equality of opportunity, and that it is ethical to reduce the freedom for some if it means increasing it
for others. Classical Liberalist's believe that the invisible hand will regulate the economy and that
any wealth redistribution to the poor would harm them in the long run. They believe that everyone
should be completely in control of their own destiny. I think that Classical Liberalism is the superior
theory as it sticks to very simple principles, and it hold everyone responsible for their actions.
3

Sources
Dickerson, Mark, Thomas Flanagan, and O"Neill Brenda. An Introduction To Government And
Politics: A Conceptual Approach. 8. Toronto: Nelson Education, 2010. 126–142. Print.

Classical Liberalism Essay
It is no surprise that liberalism is a vast part of our world. Liberalism is a vital school of thought in
international relations because it embodies liberty and rights. With liberalism comes diffrent types
since it was established and altered with the times. The original liberalism called classical liberalism
is based on what our own country was founded on which is liberty for all. In the recent 21st century,
we have come across a new wave of this theory called neoliberalism where it focuses on a global
scale. With the 21st century changing the world in a plethora of ways, many international relations
theories have changed like realism and liberalism. In this paper, I will be discussing classical
liberalism and the new neoliberalism that has swept our world. Classical liberalism comes from as
an intellectual response to the Industrial Revolution and the problems with urbanization. (Epstein,
pg. 2) Seeing that humans are self interested and will go after self interested situations, liberalism
was seen to be used to back that fact. With self interest, came the financial standpoint of which
people stood. Classical liberalism is sought to use trade and commerce to drive a strong international
peace and bonds worldwide while also limiting the government. (Epstein, pg. 6) This was mainly
used between Europe and America since there was not a high amount of 'worldwide' trade like there
is today. Now we have a bounty of international and national trade which make the world today

Classical Liberalism Is The Ideology Of Capitalism?
What might lead some to argue that classical liberalism is the ideology of capitalism?
Ideology is defined as the basis for political action that combines the following: an empirical
evaluation of society as it is currently, an ideal situation for how things should be, and finally, a
suggested action that will help achieve said goal. Capitalism is currently the most popular economic
system, but one's perspective can create differences in definitions. Breaking down Capitalism can
reveal an ideology that some may find to be very familiar, and many believe that Classical
Liberalism actually contains the ideology behind the currently most popular type of economic
system. First, I will that explain the introduction of Classical Liberalism ideology in history and then
discuss capitalism in relation to this.
The Classical Liberal ideology began to really take form in the late 18th century as a result of the
unrest caused by the British Parliamentarians' decisions and the effects of the industrial revolution
and globalization that were beginning to take form. Feudalism, the existing economic system was
composed of peasants, employed around 80% of England's population in 1520 and now was starting
to face harsh criticism. The government and ruling wealthy class of people were immensely
powerful in the economy at that time while the common person was a poor farmer or peasant. They
needed to pay "lords", or nobles, for land, resources, and protection. Furthermore it was not
uncommon to

Classical Liberalism And The Enlightenment
Paper #1: Classical Liberalism
Classical liberalism is the transition from focusing on government to focusing on the rights of
individuals. This transition came about during the time of the Enlightenment in the eighteenth
century. The Enlightenment period was when man started to have more faith in his own reasoning.
People began to look for evidence on their beliefs themselves and to find proof on these beliefs, so
that they could come up with their own opinions on things. One way that they did this was by going
back and rereading Roman and Greek texts and retranslating these texts. This new way of thinking
also caused the Protestant Reformation to occur. Some of the most influential Enlightenment writers
were John Locke, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, and the people of France's National Constituent
Assembly. John Locke was one of the most influential writers during the Enlightenment period, and
was the first "Enlightenment Thinker". Locke is the author of the "Two Treatises" and believed that
every person was born with "natural rights" such as: life, liberty, and property (Locke). These rights
were meant for everyone, and not just the nobility or wealthy. Locke uses references from the Bible
throughout the "Two Treatises" stating that "God created man without any state of inferiority"
(Locke). This disproves the idea of "Divine Right" given from God that many countries in Europe
had been participating in. John Locke also discussed the importance of "The Beginning of

To What Extent Has Modern Liberalism Departed from...
There are huge differences between classical and modern liberalism and as a result classical liberals
believe that modern liberals have not stayed true to initial ideas posed by the likes of John Locke
given that modern liberals have embraced collectivism while classical liberals favoured pure
individualism. But they are fundamentally both forms of liberalism so are united in their belief of
freedom and rights of the individual but they have slightly different views on the type of freedom
they support.
Classical liberalism has a belief in utilitarianism first posed by Jeremy Bentham, this is where
individuals make tiny calculations about whether their actions will 'maximise pleasure or minimise
pain'. This is an egotistical form of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
T.H. Green argued that freedom is the ability of the individual to develop individuality and this is a
positive thing. This is thus done through self–fufillment and pushing one's own knowledge. Positive
freedom places emphasis on the individual flourishing rather than survival of the fittest so therefore
the state should offer equal opportunities to all. This has seen modern liberals support the welfare
state whereas classical liberals focused on standing on your own feet. But, this is not totally different
to core liberal beliefs. The state only intervenes to ensure equality such as education and health.
Modern liberals defend the welfare state on the basis of equality of opportunity. The welfare state
has attempted to address issues such as 'idleness' and 'want' and 'squalor', named by the Beveridge
Report by William Beveridge. Overall, Modern liberals believe in providing an equal playing field
to help the individual flourish in society rather than the individual just battling for themselves.
This belief in some state intervention and positive freedom has lead liberals of modern times to a
belief in welfare and economic management. Modern liberals support economic management,
proposed first by John Maynard Keynes, who argued that governments could 'manage' their
economies in order to thrive. They believe in a mixed economy where you sometimes must tax and
spend and yet other times you

Classical Liberalism Conservatism
'Liberalism is defined by the desire to minimise the role of the state.' Discuss (45 marks) There are
two types of Liberals; Classical, who want to minimise the state's role, and Modern liberals who
want a more involved state. Classical liberals want a limited state because they support negative
freedom, as they believe it has; created a dependency culture, a potential nanny state, and cause
damage to the economy. However, modern liberals want a more involved state because it increases
the level of positive freedom, equality of opportunity, social justice, and believe it boosts the
economy. Classical liberals espouse negative freedom, which is the absence of external restraints on
individuals. They believe in freedom of the individual, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Modern liberals believe that the poor are restricted in the amount of freedom they have, in terms of
activities done outside the work place when compared to the activities the wealthy can do. It is
thought, by modern liberals, that with the states help, the poor can be kept above the poverty line
and have access to the services which are the available to the wealthy. A view held by classical
liberals, is that the state damages the economy. They believe the state distorts the economy
according to the most powerful groups in society that this group is privileged and other groups of
society are discriminated against. It is felt among classical liberals that, with a free market economy,
everyone can become rich as everyone has access to the market. It is felt that the state could restrict
products or consumer choice within the market, and may even encourage people live on others hard
work e.g. benefits, rather than making money for themselves. In contrast to this view, the modern
liberals believe that the state can boost the economy. This is because it educates people to achieve
the best for themselves, meaning better and harder workers. The state also creates jobs, which in
turn means more production, more money and more economic growth. Overall, this would mean
more freedom for the people. To conclude, modern liberals feel the state's role should be made
bigger in society as it can boost the economy, increase social justice, better equality

Classical Liberalism Vs Democracy Essay
1. Define both 'Classical liberalism' and 'democracy' and explain how they complement one another
and cause tension with one another.
– Classical Liberalism consisted of individual liberty, personal responsibility, and very little
government interference with a person's ability to pursue happiness. This values the freedom of
people. For example, freedom of speech, religion, press, and so on. Democracy on the other hand is
a system of government that gives power and political authority to the people under a system of
majority rule. I can see how they cause tension with one another, because Classical Liberalism is all
about freedom. Pretty much not being under anyone's thumb. However, Democracy is all about the
government having authority under ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which means controlling the power that is created. The liberal constitution serves to protect the state
from impulsive or overreaching decisions. This shows that the law will be fair and gain the state's
ability to have a co–operation without use of force. Next, democracy has a lot of good principles
that affected the constitution. They are citizen participation, equality, political tolerance,
accountability, transparency, regular free and fair elections, economic freedom, bill of rights, control
of the abuse of power, human rights, accepting the results of elections, multi party system, and rule
of law. All of these make up exactly what we have today. Each of these principles were thought of
and through carefully before just placing them into a

Classical Liberalism vs Classical Conservatism
Classical Liberalism VS Classical Conservatism
Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms
mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as "a political philosophy
emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order."(Frohnen,
Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as "a philosophy committed to the ideal of
limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press,
assembly, and free markets." (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and
parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the
time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Davies, 1997) Conservatives are mostly for preserving the society instead of a takeover, which
emphasizes stability.(McLean and McMillan, 2009) Viscourt Hailsham a former chairman of the
British Conservative Party described conservatism. "Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as
an attitude, a constant force, performing a timeless function in the development of a free society, and
corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself."(Hailsham, 1959)
Conservatism can be summed up in ten key principles that Russell Kirk sums up in his work the
"Essence of Conservatism."
"(1) Men and nations are governed by moral laws; and those laws have their origin in a wisdom that
is more than human–in divine justice... (2) Variety and diversity are the characteristics of a high
civilization... (3) Justice means that every man and every woman have the right to what is their
own–to the things best suited to their own nature, to the rewards of their ability and integrity, to their
property and their personality... (4) Property and freedom are inseparably connected; economic
leveling is not economic progress... (5) Power is full of danger; therefore the good state is one in
which power is checked and balanced, restricted by sound constitutions and customs... (6) The past
is a great storehouse of wisdom... (7) Modern society urgently needs true community: and true
community is a world away from collectivism... (8) In the affairs of nations, the

The Classical Liberalism Theory
Introduction
The Classical liberalism theory mainly emphasis is sited on shielding the freedom of the individual
by restricting the power of the government. Classical liberalism is a wide philosophy of politics,
economics, and human society that upholds individual freedom and the acknowledgement of
universal human dignity. The most important features of The classical liberalism theory is consist of
the following beliefs: All human beings have intrinsic dignity and worth, all individuals have
intrinsic natural rights; including right to live, liberty, pursuit of happiness, and property ownership,
social arrangements and governments are human constructs; their justification is the establishment
of order, to promulgate justice, and to guard ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence is one of the clearest statements of the
Classical Liberalism philosophy. At that time majority of people believed that rights come from
government and they believed that those who rule and govern can determine our rights. But John
Locke the British philosopher argue that it is the other way around people have natural right which
is inherent or you born with; hence, he argue that people can create and dissolve governments and
the aim to have government is to protect these rights (Alvey, October 2004 ).
Additionally, Classical liberals in the present day tend to have the basic vision of rights and task of
government which Thomas Jefferson and his colleagues had. Moreover, they do not tend to make
any significant distinction between civil liberties and economic liberties. On the squint of the
political spectrum, things are more complex. The most important distinction between Nineteenth
century liberals and twentieth century liberals is that the previous believed in economic liberties and
the latter did not. The 20th century liberals believed that it is not a violation of any fundamental
right for government to rule and regulate public sphere where people work, the wages they work for,
when they work, what they can pay money for, what they can sell, the price they can sell it for and
so on. In the economic realm, then, roughly anything goes. At the same time, the twentieth century
liberals

Classical Liberalism And Global Warming
In December 2015, almost 200 countries around the world, gathered in Paris to sign an accord to
slow global warming. Only three developed countries did not agree with the accord. To most, it may
seem that preventing global warming is necessary to protect future generations from heat waves,
super storms, and extreme flooding. Classical liberalism can provide the best explanation of why
some countries choose to ignore global warming. Liberalism is an international–relations theory that
relies heavily on interdependence among many different actors within our international system.
Individuals, nongovernmental groups, international organizations all hold roles that are pivotal to
international–relations (Arreguin–Toft and Mignst 88). Liberals believe that people are inherently
"good"; they are rational and can make the correct choices to move society towards progress.
However, it is crucial to the international system that all actors work together to build an efficient,
sustainable society. Liberals believe that working under one international system would aid in the
construction of appropriate social institutions to neutralize threats to the common good (83–84).
Almost 200 countries signed the Paris Climate agreement to aid in the globe's fight in preventing
temperatures from increasing to 1.5 degrees Celsius from where they were before 1950. Though
many countries signed it, only 164 fully accepted the terms. The Paris Climate agreement was
founded in liberal

Importance Of Classical Liberalism
Liberalism is one of the most multifaceted and widely implemented ideologies among the popular
political ideologies. Most of these variations of liberations have stark changes to existing policy or
new policy which dilutes the central ideas and values of classical liberalism. This analysis will
discuss the implications on the economy, society and the central values, the role of the state and the
public vs. private aspects of classical liberalism. The analysis will justify the statement, 'Classical
liberalism is the most favourable form of liberalism as it transcends the inhibitory factors such as
sectarian values and emissive state interference and advances the state of individual and social
freedoms'. Classical Liberalism is an ideology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The policies that allow this level of individuality and value of advancing one own interest rather
than supporting the community is supporting the liberal goal of "improvement of the human
condition in terms of material possessions, intellect, or freedom." (Maclean & Wood, 64). The
approach of the state under classical liberalism is one that views them as human construction, but
they are used to promote justice and maintain order because "human beings are selfish and require
laws to live together in harmony" (Maclean & Wood, 64) and these laws are enforced by
government institutions. Classical Liberalism also has free market approach to regulating the
economy whereby it prescribes minimal interference with and regulations for the economy.
The central values of classical liberalism are individual freedom, equality and a free–market. The
free market and individual freedom set out in classical liberalism are a strong foundation for a strong
economy. Individual freedom and equality may be contradictions but they cause classical liberalism
to be a constant struggle. This conflict between the two goals is evident in the statement "equality
also concerns equality of opportunity...not equality of outcomes" (Maclean & Wood, 65)" which is a
step towards equality while maintaining the importance of work which is what causes the economy
to be more functional and it is socially just and proper as success in classical liberalism doesn't

Classical Liberalism : Through The Ages
Isaac Oraweme
POL 2400
Fall 2015
Northeastern University
Prof. Florencia Gabriele
11/21/2015
Classical Liberalism – Through The Ages
In order to evaluate both concepts of liberalism, we should take in to consideration their historical
contexts. Because every political philosophy is the product of a certain time and circumstance and
therefore has its limitation(s).
Classical Liberalism, which is also known as traditional liberalism, laissez–faire liberalism, or
simply liberalism all over the world is a doctrine that stresses the importance of human rationality,
individual property rights, natural rights, the protection of civil liberties, constitutional limitations of
government, free markets, and individual freedom from restraint.
At its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
< Raico, Ralph. "The Rise, Fall, and Renaissance of Classical Liberalism." – 01 Aug. 1992. Web. 20
Nov. 2015.> Essentially, western civilization is a product of classical liberalism.
The principles of Classical liberalism are exemplified in the writings of John Locke, Montesquieu,
John Stuart Mill, Adam Smith, Voltaire and others. Classical Liberalism is basically seen as the
combination of economic liberalism and political liberalism. Another contention of classical
liberalism is that part of what makes society civil is the ability of its members to help each other.
Classical liberalism also sees the market as a major part of civil society. It asserts that people want
and ultimately need to do good by others, and claims that part of that includes freely exchanging the
fruits of their labor with fellow members of society.
Classical liberals don't just promote the market, limited government, and voluntary association,
classical liberalism asserts that in order for society to remain functional, it has to be democratic, and
maintains that people do not simply need to do good by their fellow man but that they must also
love doing good. Liberals are hopeful that members of a civil society will do the right thing, but
readily they acknowledge that people can be vicious, specifically members of society who are in
positions of

Classical Liberalism Vs Conservatism
Classical liberal seems to be those who holds high regard for the concept of natural rights, but might
still believe in economic controls imposed by a government for various reasons (environmental
concerns, poverty concerns, etc.), while libertarians tend to believe in government that exists solely
for the protection of individual rights with little to no government control of economic activity.
Conservatives usually have a religious or strong inclination towards social order and control than
classical liberals or libertarians. I look at it a little differently, you could say "classical liberal" means
that you think that people should be free to live life as they themselves see fit. As the different
political parties moves around on the political

John Locke Father Of Classical Liberalism Analysis
1. Using examples from The Second Treatises of Government, explain some of the reasons that John
Locke is regarded as the "father of classical liberalism."
John Locke's work laid the foundation for liberalism and is known as the "father of classical
liberalism". This essay will explain why, using examples from his book the "Second Treatise of
Government". The examples are the government exists for the benefit of society, rule of law, and, an
individuals' property.
Locke states that the government's power stems from society itself, therefore the government's role
must be to act in societies best interest. This idea is reinforced throughout Locke's writing. Locke
argues the government's primary goal is "the preservation of the society... and the preservation of
every person in it" (Locke 134). Locke claims that because society consents to the laws made by the
legislature the people can terminate the government's supreme power. Locke then states that any
government that does not serve society, that uses their power for personal gain, is a tyranny. This
gives society the right to retake the power into their own hands when their interests are being
obviously neglected or opposed by the government. This idea states that the King himself must
answer to the will of society.
Lock stresses that a necessary aspect of a civil society is that it must have a common law, and no
person, including government, can be above it. This is known as rule of law. Locke states that all
individuals

Essay on Comparing Classical vs. Modern Liberalism
Typically Liberalism can be categorized into two different strands, Classical and Modern (yet some
thinkers advocate a third strand that is referred to as Neo–Liberalism), each characterized by their
differing and to some extent unavoidably overlapping attitudes regarding the theory behind the
ideology and how it should be put into practice. Prior to examining how these relate to one another
and before making any comparisons, it is important to give a definition, as best as possible, of
Liberalism as a concept.
Liberalism is an ideology and due to the changing views of historical persons, who have each
viewed themselves to be Liberals, is difficult to define precisely. There are five agreed defining
tenants of Liberalism. The most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Liberalism emphasizes the importance of Rights in society, and that society's role is to protect these
rights and put them first.
Modern and Classical liberalism can be distinguished historically. Indeed when most people attempt
to distinguish the two, placing the strands into time periods is perhaps the most obvious and easiest
distinctions to make. The period in between the late 18th century and the mid 19th is that
magnanimous with Classical liberalism. It was the earliest liberal tradition, and reached its high
point during the early industrialization of the 19th century and is therefore sometimes referred to as
'19th century liberalism'. Politicians and thinkers associated with it are Smith, Ricardo and Locke.
Modern liberal ideas were related to the further development of industrialization and thus people
associate it with the period between the mid–19th century and the mid–20th century and with
figures such as J. S. Mill, Green and Lloyd– George. Indeed the historical development of society
led to a parallel evolution of liberalism, with the character of liberalism changing as the 'rising
middle classes' succeeded in establishing their economic and political dominance. Liberalism was
no longer radical or revolutionary, but had become increasingly conservative and concerned itself
less with change and reform, but instead with the maintenance of the status quo. This lead to liberals
in the late 19th century beginning to question the

John Locke 's Theory Of Classical Liberalism
Property has been a main focal point in almost every society, because setting a principle to define
one 's possessions is an important aspect in citizen's lives. This is why the majority of countries
contain some form of property rights. In broad terms, property is defined as a thing that someone
possesses. Throughout many years the definition of property has changed, and many philosophers
have been able to address the different variations of property. Today, the definition of property is
complex and contains many sub–definitions. The spectrum for these definitions could range from
private property to intellectual property, because one can define property as estate, as another could
define property as one's personal ideas. One philosopher that is famous for his work on defining
property is John Locke. Locke uses his ideals of liberalism to develop a reasonable and accurate
definition of property. To fully understand Locke's definition of property, classical liberalism needs
to be understood. Locke's theory of classical liberalism is based on natural rights, private property,
and social contract, which helps in defining Locke's perception of property. A broad definition of
Locke's perception of property include life, liberty, and estate. These three categories are the basis of
Locke 's definition of property. One of the first variations of property that Locke mentions is
common property. Locke say "The Earth, and all that is therein, is given to men for the support and

Pros And Cons Of Classical Liberalism
Liberalism is a set of ideologies in which the foundation of a society lies within the freedom of the
individuals within it. The basic principles or values of liberalism include freedom, cooperation and
the importance of human reason. Although all forms of liberalism were built upon these common
principles or values, there are certain factors that assist in differentiating between them. The two
most commonly known forms of liberalism include classical liberalism and modern liberalism. Both
of these ideologies put an emphasis on the value of human reason and individual freedom however,
they are not the same when it comes to their ideas regarding government intervention in social,
political and economic factors. Supporters of classical liberalism ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This source demonstrates a perspective that is in support of modern liberalism. The speaker supports
the importance of individual freedoms which is common in liberalism, but what distinguishes them
from a supporter of classical liberalism is the emphasis that they have placed on maintaining an
equal opportunity for all people to embrace these freedoms. The speaker is suggesting that although
the pursuit of individual freedoms can prove to be beneficial for the individual, it can hinder other
people's opportunity to do the same. In both the historical and contemporary worlds, there have been
examples of this situation. Whether it be the exploitation of workers during the Industrial revolution
or the exploitation of the working class today, the pursuit of one's individual freedoms can prohibit
those of others. Adopting the ideological perspective in this source can assure that benefits can be
enjoyed by all, rather than a select few. The ideological perspective of the source should be
embraced so that society has the freedom of "pursuing our own good" without "depriving others of

Classical Liberalism And Social Justice
The definition of social justice is multifaceted with varying degrees of meaning. Each philosophical
view that is held by the differing political group or individual classes is assigned to provide the
maximum benefit to their ascribed affiliation. The conservative liberals, according to Lorenz (2014),
defines social justice as pertaining to the personal freedoms afforded to its legally recognized
citizens from an intrusive government. Only when individuals are unable to sustain their societal
commitment to their own well–being should government assume responsibility through sanctioned
public support (Lorenz 2014). Classical liberalism ideology differs slightly from the views of their
conservative liberal counterparts in that they emphasize ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The idea of social protection is to introduce productive copy strategies that will guard against shocks
within their environment by initiating policies, services, and education (Social Risk Management,
2003). In its broadest context, protection is the implantation of policy by contractual agreement
between the government and its inhabitants. For example, requiring school age children to be
vaccinated against harmful and contagious diseases is a formal policy to protect the public. Social
Risk Management (SRM), according to Wernet (2015), can be effective by providing: (a) assistance
with risk management skills; (b) support through formal and informal structures; (c) and income to
the chronically poor so they can better manage shocks that has the potential to exacerbate their
condition

Classical Liberalism And Its Influence On Today's Society
The major tenants of liberalism rising have influenced much of today's society. With the ideals of
human rationality, individual liberty and private property as espoused by classical enlightenment
becoming arguably the ideological basis for most modern political systems; marked by
representative governments coupled with capitalist economies (Locke, 1690, p. 44; Mill, 1977, p.
434). While we herald these values as explanations for the rise of and primacy of western states
from the industrial revolution, we simultaneously also note how these tenants, when applied to
"contemporary societies" (Chirot & Hall, 1982, p. 82), seem to produce differing results. This essay
aims to argue that while the liberal system has been instrumental in development ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
44). He argues from a theological standpoint to assert that when man puts in his own labour into the
"common" (p. 46) resources of nature, that becomes his property, intended for his enjoyment from
god that therefore necessitated protections from the law. Landes shows how these tenets of liberal
logic has have had huge impacts on the development of industry. Firstly, the notion of private
property was argued to be a strong impetus towards innovation and enterprise, for if one could now
keep the gains of his labour, one would rationally be more willing to venture for personal gains (pp.
31–32). Additionally, further development would then naturally lead to a market economy driven by
competition, where the interests for profit in a "merit" (p. 43) based system, naturally drive
individuals to out–do one another either via an increase in productivity through a "division of
labour" (p. 43), or through "technological innovation" (p. 43). This point shows how a system free
from political suppression of thought coupled simultaneous with institutional freedom of market
activity and protections of private property, managed to unlock and encourage the creative
productive capacities of men; critical precursors that led to the increase in innovation and wealth to
the advantage of liberal societies. Innovation, not only

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