The document discusses several key concepts relating to media industries: 1) It defines monopoly, oligopoly, private ownership, public ownership, vertical integration, horizontal integration, and franchise, and provides examples of each. 2) It explains that multi-national media conglomerates own companies across different media sectors like television, movies, and theme parks. Disney is provided as an example. 3) It describes globalization in media as countries being connected through trade and shared cultural experiences of media products that can now spread worldwide through the internet.

1. Assignment 1 task 2
By Charlie Bunn

2. Monopoly and Oligopoly
 Monopoly- monopoly means the possession of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service.
 Oligopoly- Oligopoly means a state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small
number of producers or sellers.
 A monopoly and oligopoly are alike as they both have a large majority of market shares except an
oligopoly has two or more firms that are powerful and most controlling/dominant in the market, on the
other hand monopoly only has one fire that has nearly full control of the market sector, and monopolies
are known as a vital situation of capitalism however rules are regulated to stop the free market system
from being miss used in any way, laws were placed so that consumers were protected and this also
stopped firms from preforming evil practices. On the other side oligopoly is a minority group of
companies that has a big majority of market shares, there is no specific limit of companies in an
oligopoly however the amount should be small enough for a single company to influence the others, an
example of an oligopoly is a company like Cineworld, Odeon and Vue cinemas who dominate most of
UK market so much that independent company’s cant compete that dominates the film industry well as
an example of a monopoly is News corps that own 20th century fox and the sun newspaper, how this can
be dangerous as they can influence how people think.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/oligopoly.asp
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/monopoly.asp

3. Private Ownership and Public Ownership
 Private Ownership- Private Ownership means being property of an individual or organisation instead of
the government.
 Public Ownership- is where the government owns an industry or a firm.
 Private Ownership and Public
 Private Ownership is when a company or a piece of property is owned by an individual, this only
belongs to the owners of a firm and no one else and this allows them to have total control of their
company, well as the Public ownership is owned by the government and other investors however they
each get a share of the business but have a lot of support, an example of private ownership would be
ITV and an example of public ownership would be the BBC as the BBC do actual research on the public
to see what they want before deciding to fund a show well as ITV get paid lots of money to show
adverts as many people want their product advertised on ITV and this increases the money due to how
popular the shows are.
http://www.investorwords.com/10703/private_ownership.html
http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/private-ownership
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/public-ownership

4. Vertical integration and Horizontal integration
 Vertical integration- Vertical integration means a type of strategy for making profits, this is when the
company spreads out into separate steps on the same production path, for example if a manufacturer
has control of its distributor and supplier and owns it.
 Horizontal integration- Horizontal integration is two countries merging together
 Vertical integration and Horizontal integration are similar however a vertical integration is a company
that owns its supplier and distributor, companies do this to save money and reduce its transportation
expenses well as a horizontal integration is when two different companies that are at the same point
on the value chain share their equipment and resources as the two company’s integrate, an example of
vertical integration is 20th Century Fox that owns the studios in Hollywood, the company also has
possession of the cinemas, DVD rental shops and the television channels. On the other hand horizontal
integration helps make more money and can make the companies more popular an example of this is
News Corporation sharing its rescores with sky and the times ect.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/horizontalintegration.asp
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/verticalintegration.asp
http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/051315/what-difference-between-horizontal-integration-and-vertical-
integration.asp

5. Multi-national Media Conglomerates
 Multi-national Media Conglomerates- Multi-national Media Conglomerates means when a media
company owns many companies in different media areas like radio , television, theme parks and
motion pictures.
 Multi-national Media Conglomerates are two or more media companies that combine together to own
many different sectors in media, these different sectors could me newspaper, television, motion
pictures, radio and theme park attractions. An example of a media company would be Disney as they
own the Disney channel, the Disney radio, Disney Pixar and theme parks, all of these are featured over
the world nationally with television programs, theme parks in France and Orlando, Disney pixar shows
being featured in cinemas worldwide. Another example would be News corps and Sony as they own
television shows and radio stations and earn a big majority of the market.
 A media conglomerate owns a numerous amount over different media like time warner own AOL,
Networks, Filmed entertainment, Publishing and cable.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_conglomerate
http://www.slideshare.net/nirankar1988/media-media-
conglomerates

6. Franchise
 Franchise- Franchise is a licence that a group of people obtain to have access to the franchisers
(company’s) property information, franchises allows you to sell goods under the name of the business,
this is a collection of related media like a whole series that is practically based on the original work, this
can involve movies ,books, video games, television shows.
 Franchise allows media groups to have access to the company’s trademarks and processes, this is
needed as it allows the media group to provide services and sell products under the name of the
business like copy right DVD and downloadable music tracks, television shows, books, video games
and movies. Franchises are mainly used for selling related goods from the original product, an example
of a franchise is warner bros and Universal studios as they have ownership of many movies, music
tracks and the franchisers sell products related to the famous films made by warner bros like Harry
potter which was originally a book but warner bros turned the book into a movie and Lego turned
harry potter into a video game, universal studios made a harry potter relic world in the theme park,
another good franchise is star wars.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/franchise.asp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_franchise

7. Globalisation
 Globalisation- Globalisation is a combination of industries, markets, policy making, cultures and
economics from all around the world.
 Globalisation refers to countries that have close contact with each other and are bonded
together by trade and cultural experiences, global sales like media products, television programs
and film bring citizens in developing countries into complete contact with media products, there
are global reach of company’s like news corporation, universal studios, news corporation, Disney
and time warner as all their products including television shows and films can be seen from
around the world by using the internet or satellite, an example of globalisation is Time warner as
their products and films features globally around the world for everyone to see.
 Technology allows us to see the world as a smaller place and brings us all closer together.
http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=globalisation
http://www.slideshare.net/kksmedia/globalisation-15403894

8. Cultural imperialism
 Cultural imperialism- Cultural imperialism is a theory that all of western nations are more
powerful than third world countries in global media and can have an effect on third world
countries to persuade the western nation’s views destroying their native view.
 Cultural imperialism is a performance of a series of actions in which a single country gains power
of other countries media consumptions and forces their ideas and values, most of our television
shows are produced by USA and are featured around the world. USA controls 85% of media
globally mainly because of the film market and television market, and this means that a cultural
imperialism gives reasons that USA ideology and shared values are forced upon the rest of the
world. For example CBS can be featured across the globe and can have an impact on developing
countries.
http://www.slideshare.net/kksmedia/globalisation-15403894
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_imperialism

9. Independent film distribution
 Independent film distribution- Independent film distribution is a film created by someone that is
outside of a big and famous well known film studio like warner bros and is being created and
shared with independent entertainment agencies
 Independent film distribution is a featured film that wasn’t created by a famous film studio like
Warner bros, universal studios and Disney and is being created by and sold to the public to view
by a not so popular film studio that has a very low budget compared to a major film studio,
independent films are usually viewed at film festivals that can be local, national or international,
before the independent film is to be retail release, it could compete against a mainstream film
with the correct funding and distribution that is needed. For example amazon instant video retails
independent films and a very famous film called ex machine that was created by A24 and was
distributed in America.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_film