2. a) The 2 molecules of glyceroaldehyde-3-
phosphate are converted into pyruvate (aerobic
glycolysis) or lactate (anaerobic glycolysis).
b) These steps produce ATP molecules (energy
production).
3. the aldehyde group of glyceraldehyde-3-PO4
is oxidized to a carboxyl group and esterified
with inorganic phosphate to form the high-
ehergy compound 1,3-biphosphoglycerate.
The reaction is catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-
3-PO4 dehydrogenase, during w/c NAD+ is
reduced to NADH
4. Phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the
phosphorylation of ADP by the high-energy
compound 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to form
ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.
6. Enolase then catalyzes the dehydration of 2-
phosphoglycerate to yield the
phosphorylated enol form of pyruvate,
phosphoenolpyruvate, the second high-
energy compound produced by the glycolytic
process.
7. ADP is then enzymatically phosphorylated by
pyruvate kinase, and the enol form of
pyruvate rapidly rearranges
nonenzymatically to the keto form of
pyruvate
8. NAD+ is regenerated by the reduction of
pyruvate to lactate catalyzed by lactic
dehydrogenase.
9.
10. is a process that generates NADPH
and pentoses.
There are two distinct phases in the
pathway.
-the first is the oxidative phase, in which
NADPH is generated, and the second is the
non-oxidative synthesis of 5-carbon sugars.
This pathway is an alternative to glycolysis.
its primary role is anabolic (constructive
metabolism) rather than catabolic
(destructive metabolism)
11.
12. After glycolysis, the catabolism of glucose
continues with the entry of pyruvate into the
mitochondria. There, the pyruvate is oxidatively
transformed into acetyl-s-CoA, w/c is
subsequently oxidized in the citric acid cycle.
