250797rr 1. In the research conducted by Hans Eysenck, factor analysis was used to identify ________ basic personality dimensions. Of these, the tendency to distort reality was labeled: five; conscientiousness three; extraversion three; psychoticism five; neuroticism. 2. I show you a picture of an adult figure hovering over a sleeping child. I ask you to tell me a story about what you think is happening. Which kind of projective test am I using? Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Behavioral assessment test Rorschach test Thematic Apperception Test 3. I'm not all that happy, but when I smile I feel better. This idea might best be expressed by the emotional similarity theory. theory of universal affect programming. facial feedback hypothesis. facial-affect program. 4. Having been attacked and bitten by a German shepherd, Sam reacts with fear on spotting any large dog. According to recent developments in brain research the linking role of the _________ is paramount in the recall of this sort of fear-evoking stimulus. visual cortex amygdala left temporal lobe hippocampus 5. To formulate a general definition of emotion, it will be most accurate to say that emotions are feelings that have both physiological and cognitive elements. emotions are adaptive physiological responses to feelings. an emotion is a specific reaction to a perceived change in a situation. emotion is a feeling state evoked by an expressed behavior. 6. Which of the following statements regarding the outcomes of Mary Ainsworth's strange situation experiments is most accurate? Only two-year-olds are capable of showing a secure attachment. Ambivalent children may both hit and embrace their mother on her return. Disorganized-disoriented behavior precedes a secure attachment. Avoidant children cry when the mother returns to the playroom. 7. If you support the idea that physiological arousal and the experience of an associated emotion will occur simultaneously, you'll agree with the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion. Cannon-Bard theory of emotion. James-Lange theory of emotion. biological emotion-activation theory. 8. Which of the following statements regarding human sexuality is most accurate? Regarding premarital sex, the double standard applies to both men and women. In females, estrogen production is a direct result of ovulation. Only a minority of people engage in sex fantasies during actual intercourse. Masturbation is an infrequent but not uncommon cause of sexual dysfunctions. 9. In Maslow's needs hierarchy, people whose need for _______ has been fulfilled are poised to ascend to the level of self-actualization. achievement safety esteem love and belongingness 10. In the Binet IQ test, an IQ score is equal to MA divided by CA times 100. In this formula, "MA" is to mental age as "CA" is to common age. chronological age. calculated ability. cognitive age. 11. During middle adulthood, the most clearly marked biological change i.

1. 250797rr
1.
In the research conducted by Hans Eysenck, factor analysis was
used to identify ________ basic personality dimensions. Of
these, the tendency to distort reality was labeled:
five; conscientiousness
three; extraversion
three; psychoticism
five; neuroticism.
2.
I show you a picture of an adult figure hovering over a sleeping
child. I ask you to tell me a story about what you think is
happening. Which kind of projective test am I using?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2
Behavioral assessment test
Rorschach test
Thematic Apperception Test
3.
I'm not all that happy, but when I smile I feel better. This idea
might
best
be expressed by the
emotional similarity theory.
theory of universal affect programming.
facial feedback hypothesis.
facial-affect program.

2. 4.
Having been attacked and bitten by a German shepherd, Sam
reacts with fear on spotting any large dog. According to recent
developments in brain research the linking role of the
_________ is paramount in the recall of this sort of fear-
evoking stimulus.
visual cortex
amygdala
left temporal lobe
hippocampus
5.
To formulate a general definition of emotion, it will be
most
accurate to say that
emotions are feelings that have both physiological and cognitive
elements.
emotions are adaptive physiological responses to feelings.
an emotion is a specific reaction to a perceived change in a
situation.
emotion is a feeling state evoked by an expressed behavior.
6.
Which of the following statements regarding the outcomes of
Mary Ainsworth's strange situation experiments is
most
accurate?
Only two-year-olds are capable of showing a secure attachment.
Ambivalent children may both hit and embrace their mother on
her return.
Disorganized-disoriented behavior precedes a secure
attachment.
Avoidant children cry when the mother returns to the playroom.

3. 7.
If you support the idea that physiological arousal and the
experience of an associated emotion will occur simultaneously,
you'll agree with the
Schachter-Singer theory of emotion.
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.
James-Lange theory of emotion.
biological emotion-activation theory.
8.
Which of the following statements regarding human sexuality
is
most
accurate?
Regarding premarital sex, the double standard applies to both
men and women.
In females, estrogen production is a direct result of ovulation.
Only a minority of people engage in sex fantasies during actual
intercourse.
Masturbation is an infrequent but not uncommon cause of
sexual dysfunctions.
9.
In Maslow's needs hierarchy, people whose need for _______
has been fulfilled are poised to ascend to the level of self-
actualization.
achievement
safety
esteem
love and belongingness
10.

4. In the Binet IQ test, an IQ score is equal to MA divided by CA
times 100. In this formula, "MA" is to mental age as "CA" is to
common age.
chronological age.
calculated ability.
cognitive age.
11.
During middle adulthood, the
most
clearly marked biological change is related to
memory loss.
weight loss.
reproductive capabilities.
the so-called midlife transition.
12.
You maintain that physical changes in late adulthood are
largely related to built-in time limits to cell reproduction. It's
safe to say that you endorse the _______ theory of aging.
disengagement
amyloid precursor
wear-and-tear
genetic preprogramming
13.
In Piaget's model of cognitive development, a child's tendency
to view the world entirely from his or her own perspective is
referred to as
the concrete operational stage.
egocentric thought.
metacognition.

5. the sensorimotor stage.
14.
In late adulthood, changes in memory may not be inevitable;
however, any decline in memory tends to involve _______
memory.
implicit
semantic
episodic
intrinsic
15.
Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence is
most
directly related to
emotional intelligence.
information processing.
multiple intelligences.
overall success in living.
16.
According to _______ approaches to motivation, each person
strives to maintain a certain level of stimulation and activity.
homeostasis
arousal
instinct
drive-reduction
17.
In the _______ theory of motivation, _______ motivation is to
satisfaction provided by activities that are their own reward as
_______ motivation is to satisfaction derived from the reward
for some kind of behavior, such as money or status.

6. drive-reduction; extrinsic; intrinsic
drive-reduction; dependent; autonomous
cognitive; autonomous; dependent
cognitive; intrinsic; extrinsic
18.
If you agree with B.F. Skinner as to the nature of personality,
you would also agree that
human personality is largely shaped through observational
learning.
humans are infinitely changeable because they can learn new
behavior patterns.
traits like sociability arise from unconscious wishes to be liked
by others.
personality is shaped by people's thoughts, feelings,
expectations, and values.
19.
According to Erik Erikson, generativity-versus-stagnation is
the typical challenge of
old age.
middle adulthood.
early adulthood.
adolescence.
20.
It's becoming increasingly apparent to researchers that infants
are born with
low self-esteem.
developed personalities.
innate temperaments.

7. high self-esteem.
250796rr
1.
Prescott is an old hand in the print shop. He insists that there's
only one dependable kind of process for printing a three-color
brochure. By contrast, Baldwin recognizes several different
approaches to three-color printing through the use of new
digital technologies. Psychologists would say Prescott's point of
view is limited by his
fundamental fixation.
mental set.
obsessive perfectionism.
mental laziness.
2.
After Kate's visit to Paris, her memories about what she saw
and learned were influenced by music in the background, by the
comments of her traveling companion, and by the light
reflecting off the Seine, reminding Kate of her childhood home
on the banks of the Wabash. Psychologists would say Kate's
memories of Paris are influenced by the meanings she gave to
aspects of her experience through
episodic memory.
implicit memories.
constructive processes.
flashbulb memories.
3.
A particular kind of neuron, called a _______ neuron, fires
when we observe someone else's behavior.
mirror
reflective

8. cognitive
modeling
4.
In a lab devoted to sleep disorders Julio points to the brain
wave monitor, turns to Laura and says, "Subject is going into
non-REM Stage 2." Laura looking at the monitor, says, "Got it;
I'm recording the time." What would Laura and Julio see on the
monitor to assure them that the subject has entered Stage 2
sleep?
Brain waves are getting slower and more regular.
Sleep spindles appear.
Sleep disturbance is indicated by sharp wave spikes.
Brain waves are irregular and episodic.
5.
I want to condition a pet pig to come running for a food reward
when I blow a whistle. In the process of this conditioning
effort, the
main
idea is to
pair a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.
pair a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.
teach the pig to expect food when it's hungry.
teach the pig to pay attention to the sound of a whistle.
6.
An important reason why people forget something is that they
didn't pay much attention to it in the first place. Psychologists
refer to this kind of forgetting as
encoding failure.
cue-dependent.
decay.

9. interference related.
7.
I'm having some trouble recalling what I've previously learned
about the Battle of Gettysburg because I've just read a new book
offering new information on that Civil War battle. This sort of
phenomenon is referred to as _______ interference.
proactive
retroactive
passive
distractive
8.
Trying to make sense of an article in the world events section
of the
Daily Mirror,
Matlock turns to Thomas and asks, "Where's Khartoum?"
Thomas, looking up from his coffee, says, "Africa. It's the
capital of Sudan." If you hold with the idea that long-term
memory includes distinct modules, what sort of memory does
Thomas's reply indicate?
Procedural—episodic
Procedural—semantic
Declarative—semantic
Declarative—episodic
9.
Natasha has been living Philadelphia for several months and is
rapidly mastering the English language.
However, she often turns to her American friend, Emily, when
she is uncertain about a concept. One day, Natasha turns to
Emily and asks, "What are you meaning when you say this word
'vehicle'?" If you were Emily, which of these prototypes would
be

10. most
likely to point to feel fairly certain that Natasha "gets it"?
An automobile
An escalator
A jet liner passing overhead.
An elevator
10.
You deprive your six-year-old of dessert each time he fails to
eat his spinach. In this sort of _______, you weaken a response
through taking away something pleasant or desired.
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
11.
Which of the following is a specific technique used in behavior
modification?
Reinforcing drug-related behaviors
Training a subject in helpful weight-loss strategies
Selecting a behavior-change strategy
Keeping no records as the program is implemented
12.
A common repetitive technique for moving new information
from short-term memory to long-term memory is called
rehearsal.
elaboration.
selective reduction.
reduction.

11. 13.
Responding to stimuli that are similar—but not identical—to a
conditioned stimulus is called
respondent reinforcement.
stimulus discrimination.
stimulus generalization.
spontaneous recovery.
14.
According to information provided in your text, circadian
rhythms are associated with
the time of month that pregnant women are likely to go into
labor.
attacks of sleep apnea.
the occurrence of anxiety attacks.
cycles of waking and sleeping.
15.
There's evidence that sudden infant death syndrome is related
to
insomnia.
sleep apnea.
night terrors.
narcolepsy.
16.
Which of the following statements regarding hypnosis is the
best
response?
In general, today’s researchers have concluded that hypnosis is
distinct from ordinary waking consciousness.
Not all psychologists feel that hypnosis is a distinct altered

12. state of consciousness.
People who are most susceptible to hypnosis are unable to
concentrate on anything for very long.
All people are susceptible to hypnosis.
17.
I help Cameron learn to play a guitar by guiding him through a
sequence of reinforced behaviors, such as holding the guitar,
tuning the guitar, and properly fingering simple chords. In the
operant conditioning perspective, this is called
A.
graded reinforcement.
latent learning.
shaping.
gradual reinforcement.
18.
The
most
frequently abused nervous system depressant is
marijuana.
alcohol.
caffeine.
cocaine.
19.
After taking the drug, Rupert reported vivid hallucinations,
altered perception of sounds and colors, and distorted time
perception. It's
most
likely that the drug Rupert took was
cocaine.
LSD.

13. marijuana.
MDMA.
20.
Methadone can be used to treat heroin addiction. However, the
main
drawback in this sort of treatment is that methadone
is very expensive to produce, since it's derived from rare
tropical plants.
provides the same sort of "high" the addict experiences with
heroin.
is psychologically addictive.
is biologically addictive.
250798rr
1.
A reference work developed by the American Psychiatric
Association is referred to as DSM-IV-TR. In that acronym,
S
stands for
Standardized
Standard
Statistical
Symposium
2.
After Darryl spends some time watching a boy his age happily
playing with a dog, Darryl begins to lose his fear of dogs.
Which approach to psychotherapy is
best
illustrated in this scenario?

14. Rational-Emotive
Cognitive-behavioral
Dialectical behavior therapy
Operant conditioning
3.
According to psychologist Martin Seligman, depression is
largely a response to
sexual abuse during childhood.
chronic negative circumstances.
manic elation.
learned helplessness.
4.
The
key
theme in humanistic therapy is
self-criticism.
self-responsibility.
philosophical reasoning.
emotional expression.
5.
In psychodynamic therapy, a primary focus is on penetrating
the client's
defense mechanisms.
apathy.
unconscious hostility.
expectations.
6.
A therapist determined that Alice depends on relationships with

15. others to find some shaky ground for her self-identity. In this
context, Alice has always been devastated by rejection of any
kind. Alice is
most
likely to be diagnosed as suffering from a/an
narcissistic personality disorder.
antisocial personality disorder.
sociopathic personality.
borderline personality disorder.
7.
Regarding possible environmental causes of schizophrenia, the
concept of expressed emotion refers to an interactive style
characterized by
withdrawal and isolation.
practical jokes.
hostility, criticism, and intrusiveness.
obsessive perfectionism.
8.
In the context of trends in community psychology, which
statement is
true?
Telephone hotlines are a negative development in community
psychology.
Deinstitutionalization has been greatly decreased in recent
years.
A high proportion of homeless adults suffer from a
psychological disorder.
Psychoactive drugs have greatly increased the need to
physically restrain mental patients.

16. 9.
In the context of rational-emotional behavior therapy, which of
the following is considered an unrealistic and irrational idea?
We must be accomplished and successful in every aspect of our
lives to feel like a worthwhile person.
It's not a big deal when things don't go the way I want them to.
No one in my life should love me and approve of what I do.
How I view a situation effects how I feel about myself in that
situation.
10.
In which of these statements is the scientific rationale for
distinguishing Type I and Type II
most
clearly illustrated?
If subjects X and Y are identical twins and X is diagnosed with
Type 1 schizophrenia, we can be nearly 100 percent assured that
Y will also develop Type I schizophrenia.
Type II schizophrenics are most likely to be a threat to
themselves and others.
Type I schizophrenics are most likely to be a threat to
themselves and others.
The symptomatic profile for Type I and Type II schizophrenia is
different.
11.
Which of the following statements regarding the DSM-IV-TR is
most
accurate?

17. Critics of DSM-IV-TR argue that the classification system
overemphasizes physiological factors associated with specified
disorders.
The DSM-IV-TR offers therapists a firm foundation for
estimating the degree to which a given individual is afflicted
with a specified disorder.
Critics agree that the DSM-IV-TR system of classification has
successfully increased the reliability of diagnoses without
necessarily increasing their validity.
The DSM-IV-TR offers therapists a means of determining
causal factors underlying a specific psychological disorder.
12.
When Dr. Payne prescribes lithium for a bipolar disorder, she
understands that
the specific neurological effects of Lithium have long been
recognized.
antidepressants are counter-indicated when a patient is being
treated with lithium.
lithium can prevent reoccurrence of manic episodes.
lithium is mainly successful in treating the depressive aspect of
the disorder.
13.
Which symptoms would psychiatrists or psychologists associate
with Type II, negative-symptom schizophrenia?
Presence of emotional extremes
Social withdrawal
Hallucinations
Paranoid delusions
14.
A very large sample, representing the population of the United
States, was drawn to study the prevalence of psychological

18. disorders. The second
most
commonly reported disorder, after depression, was
alcohol dependency.
panic disorders.
posttraumatic stress disorder.
comorbidity.
15.
Among somatoform disorders, hypochondriasis is to obsessive
concern about one's health as a/an _______ disorder is to
marked physical symptoms with no identifiable physiological
cause.
hysterical
dissociative
conversion
obsessive
16.
Which therapeutic approach does
not
require the presence of a psychological professional?
Humanistic therapy
Self-help therapy
Interpersonal therapy
Family therapy
17.
Which of the following statements regarding electroconvulsive
therapy (ECT) is
true?
Side-effects may include memory loss that lasts for years.

19. Depression doesn't return after ECT treatments have been
concluded.
Disorientation and confusion always accompany ECT therapy.
It isn't known why ECT works when it does work.
18.
Lois and Lang are in a heated discussion over the effectiveness
of psychotherapy. Lois maintains that psychotherapy works for
most people. Lang argues that it doesn't work for everyone.
Who is
correct?
A.
Neither Lois nor Lang is correct.
Both Lois and Lang are correct.
Lois is correct.
Lang is correct.
19.
Dr. Cranberry suspects that her client is selectively failing to
recall an event that must, by all evidence, be stored in his
memory. If the therapist turns out to be correct in this
assessment, she'll identify the disorder as dissociative
fugue.
repression.
amnesia.
identity disorder.
20.
For the psychologist, abnormal behavior can be thought of as
expressing distress of some kind that obstructs one's ability to
function. Because this is such a broad definition, it's best to
think of the range of behaviors from normal to abnormal as
statistical variations.

20. lying along a continuum.
observable patterns.
entirely dependent on diagnostic assumptions.